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The Apocalypse of St. John
GA 104

23 June 1908, Nuremberg

Lecture VI

In material science it is customary—with the exception of a few circles who in modern times have come to a different explanation—to represent our present solar system as having developed out of a kind of nebula which embraced a space as far as the orbit of Neptune, that is, as far as the orbit of the outermost planet of our solar system. And then, it is supposed, through a condensing process, our sun and the planets moving round it gradually formed. As we have said, there are now a few exponents -who have a somewhat different view; but they too do not bring forward anything essential for us who take a spiritual view. So our sun and the planets circling round it are supposed to have formed themselves into globes. In connection with this a neat little comparison has always been made use of in the schools, and it is still employed to-day, to show by ocular demonstration how a whole planetary system can originate through rotation. Some oily liquid is taken, which, when placed in water takes a globular form. Then a small disc is cut and inserted through the equatorial line of this oily ball so that it is divided into two halves. This is then rotated by means of a pin stuck through the centre of the disc, and one sees at first one drop separate itself and circle as a separate body round the large globe, then a second and a third drop, and finally a large drop remains in the centre around which many smaller ones revolve. “A planetary system in miniature!” says the experimenter. Then he says: Why should not our solar system originate from that primeval nebula in this way, if we can now imitate it in this miniature solar system? Usually this comparison seems to be extremely illuminating and people now understand how once upon a time Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Earth, Venus, Mercury separated from that primeval nebula. But the whole affair, not only the comparison but the whole idea, proceeds from the emptiness of all present-day thinking, for the persons in question, otherwise quite learned men, who put for-ward this illustration in such an illuminating manner, forget only one thing, namely, that they themselves are present and turn the pin. Now self forgetfulness is very good in certain realms of life, but in this case, if the experimenter is forgotten, the most important thing is forgotten, for without him the drop of oil would never rotate at all. The learned person who believes in such a superstition—this superstition is called the Kant-Laplace system—should at least be logical in his thinking, he should at least presume that some sort of being must have sat on a gigantic stool in space at that time and set a gigantic axis in motion. But human thought has gradually become so accustomed to consider only the material, that the contradiction in such a comparison is no longer noticed. As a matter of fact, there is a certain truth in this so-called Kant-Laplace system, although the truth is different from the materialistic explanation of the matter. There is a certain truth in it because to spiritual vision everything contained in our present solar system actually appears as having proceeded from such a primeval nebula; only to him who can really investigate historically it is clear that the good in the Kant-Laplace hypothesis comes from occult traditions. This was forgotten when the word “occultism” became something of which one was afraid, as children are of the chimney-sweep. That which really took place did not happen without the influence of spiritual beings and powers. Matter can do nothing unless spiritual beings are behind it.

It would take us too far to-day if, linking on to what was said yesterday, we were to explain the whole of our solar system. Leaving the planets such as Jupiter, Saturn, etc., out of our present study, let us only keep in mind what is of special importance to human life and human evolution.

At one time there was, in fact, such a nebula; and in this all the parts of our solar system were as if dissolved. But, bound up with this nebula, so that they belonged to it, were all the beings mentioned in the course of our observations yesterday. For example, all the beings who passed through the human stage in the twenty-four Rounds were connected with this cosmic nebula. Other beings too were bound up with it. They all dwelt in this nebula which, if not thought of in connection with these beings, is a fantastic abstraction. In the way the materialistic chemist imagines this nebula, it is impossible; it exists only in thought, there is no reality. In reality, the nebula only exists because it is inhabited by a number of spiritual beings. For when this nebula again became visible, there were connected with it all the beings who once inhabited ancient Saturn, who then passed through the various stages of evolution through Sun and Moon right on up to Earth, when after a long intermediate pause the Earth-nebula arose, so to speak. The other beings also with whom we became acquainted on the Sun, were connected with this nebula. It is the whole choir of these beings, who filled the nebula, who produced the movements. For it is beings who create their field of work.

For example, there were beings who needed a dwelling place quite different from that of man if they were to undergo the evolution suited to them. The men who lived upon the ancient Moon as the ancestors of the present men had only physical body, etheric and astral bodies. With these three members of their being they came out of the so-called pralaya again like a plant from the seed. Thus when the entire system began it was unsuitable for the beings who had brought with them the germs for the present man. Had the speed of development been maintained which our solar system had at the beginning when it came forth from the cosmic twilight, man would have been unable to find the path of his evolution. It would have been as if you were now to be born and then in a very short time become old. If the speed of evolution natal to the Sun had been maintained, man would have grown old quickly; he would be unable to take the slow course through the decades which he now actually does; after a short time he would have white hair, he would be old almost before he was a child.

But this was not to be. There were beings who needed a quicker tempo. These only went through a part of evolution with man, then they took out the heavenly body which now stands as the sun in the heavens and made it their dwelling place. They drew out the substance of the sun together with their own being. For the sun which sends its light to us to-day is inhabited by spiritual beings, just as our earth is. With every sunbeam descending to the earth come the actions of those spiritual beings who in the course of the evolutions of Saturn, Sun and Moon had progressed so far that they were able to participate in the rapid development taking place on the present sun. High, exalted beings were connected with this sun existence at the beginning of our earth development. These separated from the earth; and that which then remained you must imagine as if you had mixed together the present moon and earth in a great cauldron, and this mingled earth and moon circled round the sun for a time.

Thus before we reached the point described yesterday as human incarnation, we have first to recognize the separation of the sun from the earth, that is, the present earth plus the present moon. Upon the sun remained the beings who are the spiritual directors of earthly events. When they came over from the ancient Moon there were seven such beings; in Genesis they are called Elohim, Spirits of Light. For a time they went through their evolution together with the earth, then they drew forth the sun so that they could now work upon the earth from the sun. These Elohim, these Spirits of Light, were seven in number. Six of them united their existence with the actual cosmic sun, and one, known in the Old Testament as Jehovah, separated from them and remained at first united with the earth. He guided and directed the earthly evolution from within, while the others worked upon it from without. That was the position for a time. But after what was pointed out yesterday concerning the ancient Moon, you will understand that with the withdrawal of the sun was connected a condensation of all that emerged as earth plus moon. There came a period in the earth's evolution when not only the substance, but all beings, underwent a coarsening. For example, the beings who later became man, who at that time were very soft and delicate, underwent a coarsening through taking on horrible instincts. A coarsening of all life took place.

Evolution could not remain thus if man were to arise. A coarsening would have taken place, everything would have become more and more dense and the human beings would have stiffened into mummies, they would have become mummified. And there would very soon have been a planet upon which some-thing not exactly beautiful, but human-like mummies, statues would have collected. The earth would have become mummified. A different event had to take place. Through the government of Jehovah, as cosmic spirit, that which you now see as the moon as the burnt-out moon-dross in the heavens, was separated from the whole mass of earth plus moon. Not only were the grossest substances separated but also the grossest beings. Hence only through the withdrawal of the sun it was brought about that man did not proceed too quickly in his evolution, and through the withdrawal of the moon it was brought about that he did not develop towards a condition of drying up, densification, or mummification.

Thus the earth was separated from the whole mass, and now the course of human evolution was guided on the earth under the influence of these two heavenly bodies—that is, of course, of their beings, the six sun Spirits and the moon Spirit, who had separated himself for the salvation of man. And it was so guided that on the whole these two forces were balanced. Through the exit of both the sun-forces and the moon-forces, exactly the right tempo for human development was attained.

Now in order to understand this more clearly, imagine a man as if influenced only by the sun. You know that man goes through his evolution upon the earth in many, many incarnations. Man began with his first incarnation, then took on a new body over and over again, until he goes through his last incarnation. He passes through a series of incarnations, as a result of which he develops slowly and rises from one incarnation to the next. Men trod the surface of our earth as true spiritual infants. Since the separation of sun and moon from our earth they have risen to the present stage. All these souls will return in different bodies up to the end of the earth's evolution. Now if man were influenced by the sun alone he would have to pass through in a single incarnation all that he now goes through in so many. The right tempo comes into the many incarnations through the balancing of the forces between the sun and moon from without.

Modern man was gradually shaped during the period which followed the withdrawal of sun and moon; the first germs of the present-day man were then created. That was at a time when man moved upon this earth in quite a different way from that in which he moves now. You must not imagine that when the moon had just gone forth man moved upon this earth in a fleshly form as he does now. There appear again all the forms which had previously been there, as a repetition; and when the earth was liberated from the sun and moon it looked approximately like the old Moon, even softer. And if a being with eyes organized like those of the present day had looked at the earth he would not yet have been able to see man. On the other hand, certain other beings were there who were not sufficiently mature to await a later time. These had to take bodily form while the stage of evolution was still incomplete; so that some time after the moon's departure from the earth certain forms of the lower animals could already be seen physically condensed. Man had not yet descended, nor yet the higher mammals. Man was still a spirit being. He floated as a spirit round the earth and took into himself the finest substances from the environment of the earth. Then gradually he densified so far that he could descend to where the earth had already become solid and islands had formed.

Thus we see that the first human beings appeared comparatively late in the earth's evolution and at that time they had a very different constitution from the present human being. I cannot describe to you the forms of those men which first crystallized, so to speak, out of the spirit. Although you have already heard much that is difficult to believe, you would be greatly shocked if I were to describe to you the grotesque forms of the bodies in which your souls were then incarnated. You would not be able to bear such a description. However, at a later date, when these things which are only now beginning to come to the consciousness of man through Anthroposophy, when they more and more penetrate men's consciousness, this will have to be made known, and it will have a tremendous result, it will be extremely important to the whole life of man. For only when man learns how his body has developed, how the organs he now possesses have gradually developed out of entirely different forms, will he feel that remarkable relationship existing between the organs in the human body which to-day are apparently far apart. He will then see the correspondence between certain organs, for example, between the appendix and the windpipe, which in their earlier form grew together in those remarkably formed beings. All that to-day is man is the previous form unrolled as it were, the previous form unfolded in the most varied ways. Organs which to-day are separated formerly grew together. They have, however, kept their relationship, and very frequently this relationship is manifested in illnesses. It is seen that when a certain organ is diseased another one is of necessity involved. Hence those who really study medicine will have to make many discoveries, of which the present medical age, which is only a collection of notes, does not dream; then only will physicians really learn something about the true nature of man. All this is merely to point out how entirely different was man's earlier form.

The solid parts have only been built into this human form gradually. There were originally no bones in the human body, even when it had already descended. The bones were developed from soft cartilaginous structures which traversed the human body like cords. These in their turn originated from quite soft substances, and these soft substances from fluid substances, these from airy, the airy from etheric and the etheric from astral which had densified from spiritual substantiality. If you trace it back you will find that everything material has originated from the spiritual. Everything is in archetype in the spiritual world. It was only the Atlantean epoch that the bones, formerly merely indicated, actually developed in man.

We must now more closely examine Lemurian humanity in order the better to understand the writer of the Apocalypse. I need only indicate that following the first period, when the moon had separated from the earth and man descended, he was of a very different nature as regards his will power from what he became later. At that time the will of man worked magically—by his will he could work upon the growth of flowers. When he exerted his will he could make a flower shoot up quickly, a capacity which can only be acquired to-day by an abnormal process of development. Hence at that time the natural surroundings depended upon how the will of man was constituted. If it was good it worked soothingly upon the billowing waters, upon the storm and upon the fiery structures which were then all around, for the earth was to a great extent of a volcanic nature. Man worked soothingly upon all this through a good will and destructively through all evil will. Whole islands could be destroyed by evil will. Thus the human will was in complete correspondence with its environment. The tracts of land upon which man then lived were destroyed essentially by the evil will of man, and only a small part of mankind was saved (we have here to distinguish between race-development and soul-development) who lived on into the epoch which we may describe in so far as words can express clairvoyant perception.

After this catastrophe by fire we come to the Atlantean epoch when the human race developed essentially on a continent which now forms the bed of the Atlantic Ocean, between the present Europe and America. At that time man lived under very different physical conditions. At the beginning of the Atlantean epoch he was a structure which perceived in quite a different way from the present man; we have already indicated this in the first lecture and again later; to-day we shall again point out this different kind of vision of the man of that epoch. He still had a kind of spiritual vision, because the construction of his body was different from what it is now. The etheric body was not yet so firmly bound up with the physical body. The etheric body of the head extended far beyond the physical body. Only towards the last third of the Atlantean epoch did the projecting etheric body draw in and take the form of the present physical human head. Since the form of the ancient Atlantean was so very different from that of present man and his members so differently joined together, his whole life of consciousness, his whole soul life was also different. And here—if we wish to understand the Apocalyptist—we must touch upon a very important, but a very mysterious, chapter.

If you were to enter this ancient Atlantis, you would find that it was surrounded not by such pure air as the present earth but by air saturated with volumes of mist, with water. This air became clearer and more transparent the further Atlantis developed, but the mists were densest where the more advanced Atlantean civilization referred to developed. The thickest mists were there, and from these developed the foundations of the later civilizations. Atlantis was covered far and wide by those mists. A division of rain and sunshine such as we have to-day did not then exist. Hence in ancient Atlantis that which you know as the rainbow could not appear. You might search the whole of Atlantis and you would not find it. Only when the condensation of the water led to flooding, when the great flood spread itself over the earth, could the rainbow originate physically. And this is a point where from Spiritual Science you will gain the greatest respect for the religious records. For when you are told that after the flood, Noah, the representative of those who then saved the human race, sees the rainbow first appear, this is really an historical event. After the flood humanity saw the first rainbow; previously it was not physically possible. Here you will see how profound, how literally true the religious records are. To-day many are distressed when one says that the religious records are literally true. Many quote a saying which is true; it is quoted, however, by lazy people, not as a true statement but from indolence. It is the saying: “The letter killeth but the spirit giveth life.” From this they deduce the right to take no notice at all of what stands in the records, to have no longer the will to recognize what is actually there, for it is the “dead letter” they say. And so they like to let their spirit shine and concoct all sorts of fantasies. These persons may indeed be very clever in their explanations, but that is not the point; the point is that we ought really to see in the records what is contained in them. “The letter killeth but the spirit giveth life” has the same significance in mystical language as the saying of Goethe, “He who has not this, this dying and becoming, is but a sad guest upon the dark earth.” This saying does not mean: “If you wish to lead some one to a higher knowledge you must slay him,” but it means that just through the culture of the physical world man must uplift himself to spirituality. So also the letter is the body of the spirit, and we must first have and understand it, then we may say that we can find the spirit in it. The letter, the understood letter, must then die so that the spirit may be resurrected from it. This saying is not an injunction to fancy anything you please about what is contained in the religious records. When we recognize the true significance of this rainbow as we have represented it, something like deep respect for the religious records invades our soul, and we get an idea of how, through the deepening of the understanding by the teachings of Anthroposophy, man first attains to true and real feelings and advances to a true understanding of the religious records by an act of will.

We will now look back into ancient Atlantis. We have already said that man then lived in a different state of consciousness and that his memory was different from what it is now; but the difference is much more considerable. If we go far back not merely into the later period of Atlantis but to the beginning, we then find the human consciousness very different from that which we possess to-day.

Let us once more consider the present consciousness. During the day a person uses his senses. At night he goes to sleep. On the bed lie the physical body and the etheric body; the astral body and the “I” withdraw. The sphere of consciousness darkens. The man of to-day sees nothing and hears nothing. Then again in the morning when the astral body and the “I” re-enter the physical body and etheric body, physical objects again confront him. How was it in the early Atlantean epoch? Let us take the moment when in the morning man plunged into the physical body and etheric body; at that time he did not have a physical world around him such as we have to-day. All the present objects which are now seen with clear outlines were then seen as if surrounded with an aura, with coloured edges, quite indistinct. In ancient Atlantis the appearance was somewhat similar to what is now seen when in the evening there is a dense fog and you cannot see the street lamps clearly, but surrounded by coloured edges. Thus it was in early Atlantis. All objects were seen indistinctly, not with clear outlines and surfaces as to-day, everything was as if enveloped in coloured mist. Only gradually have clear outlines developed. Had we looked at a rose in the first portion of Atlantis it was as if a cloudy structure arose and in the middle something red. Only gradually did the external colour appear to be laid on the surface; only later did objects obtain sharp outlines.

Hence you see that the physical world surrounding man was quite different in ancient Atlantis. It was also different when at night he rose out of his physical body when—shall we say—he went to sleep. Really it was not sleep in the present sense. However, the entire world of the misty physical formations remained below, and a spiritual world arose. Possessing no sharp outlines man lived within a spiritual world. Spiritual beings were his companions. In the first portion of the Atlantean epoch day and night alternated in such a way that when man plunged into his physical body he had only hazy, indistinct pictures of the physical world; but when at night he left the physical body he was able to live spiritually, although somewhat indistinctly, among spirits; he moved among spirits. And above all, man's entire life of feeling was also different in the Atlantean epoch. At that time when he went out of his physical body and etheric body, he did not feel fatigue and the need for rest. Neither did he find rest. He had to enter into the spiritual world; that was then his sphere of activity. On the other hand, when the morning came, he felt the need for rest and sought out his resting-place, which was his own body. There he lay peacefully. He crept into his own body and rested during the day.

Thus in the first period of Atlantis it was entirely different from what it is now. During the Atlantean epoch, man gradually passed from the very opposite conditions into those of the later period. This came about more and more as the etheric body was driven into the physical body. This occurred during the last third of the Atlantean epoch. Before this event man felt himself as a waking being above in the spiritual world; but as yet he did not say to himself “I,” he did not possess self-consciousness. When he withdrew from the physical body and etheric body in order to go into the brilliance of the night, he felt himself to be a member of the spirituality which was above, he felt himself safely hidden, so to speak, in his group-soul. It always became bright around him during the night; but he felt himself dependent. Just as our finger belongs to our “I,” so man felt that he belonged to the group-souls which are seen spiritually as the four heads of the Lion, Eagle, Bull and Man, described in the Apocalypse of John. Man felt himself transposed into one such group-soul. And only when, snail-like, he was in his bodily shell did he feel that he possessed something of his own. For the circumstance that man became an independent being resulted from his being able to envelop himself in his body. He had, however, to pay for this confinement in his body by the gradual obscuration of the spiritual world, until it completely withdrew. In its place the world which he saw below when he was in the physical body became brighter and clearer. In this way it gradually dawned upon him that he was an “I,” that he had self-consciousness within him. He learned to say “I” to himself.

If we wish to characterize what took place at that time we must imagine man creeping out of his “snail-shell,” as it were, into the spiritual world. There he is among spiritually divine beings. There resounds to him from without the name of what he is. One group heard the word which in the original language was the word for that group; another group heard a different word. Man could not name himself from within; his name sounded into him from without. When he thus crept out of the “snail-shell” of his body he knew what he was, because this knowledge was poured into his soul. Now when in his body he learned to perceive the physical environment, he learned to feel himself as “I,” he learned to feel within himself the divine power which previously was poured into him, he learned to feel God within him. The God nearest to him, who pointed to his “I,” he called Jehovah. This God was the “I”-leader, and man felt the power of this God arising within his “I.”

External events were connected with this. When the first Atlantean thus descended into his physical body and looked out into space, he did not see an actual rainbow; in the place where the sun later emerged, he saw something like a circle formed of colour; the sun did not yet penetrate in power, but acted through the mist; though hindered and held back by the fog, its forces influenced the earth. It appeared very gradually. All that we have described as the awakening of external consciousness was connected with the emergence of the sun from the mist. That which was up above where the other six spirits had their abode, who together with Jehovah had to guide the earth evolution, gradually emerged and shone down upon the earth in deeds.

What had taken place in man? When previously he rose out of his body, when it was night, so to speak, his soul and spirit entered into the inner astral brilliance to which the external sun is not necessary. This brilliance surrounded him. It was the same light which later shone down physically from the sun, from mighty spiritual beings. As he gradually enclosed himself in his physical consciousness, the door of inner vision was closed. Darkness surrounded him when at night he left his physical and etheric bodies and entered the spiritual world. To the extent to which he confined himself, to the same extent arose the external light which represents the deeds of the spiritual beings of the sun; the light of the spiritual beings shone externally upon the earth. Man prepared himself to look upon the external light as something material. The light shone in his then darkened inner being, but the light was not then comprehended by his darkness. This is a world-historical event. Man bought his self-consciousness at that time through spiritual darkening. In this way man grew out of the brilliance connected with the group-souls. But it was only the very first dawning of the individuality. It was a long, long time before he really grew possessed of it. The last portion of the Atlantean epoch passed away and the flood came.

The post-Atlantean epoch began. The ancient Indian civilization passed away. True self-consciousness had not yet developed. Then came the Persian and Babylonian-Egyptian ages. Man gradually matured so as to develop self-consciousness within him. At length came the fourth age. At this stage something of tremendous importance took place for which all that had gone before was the preparation. Imagine yourself now uplifted from the earth to a distant star and gifted with spiritual vision, looking down to the earth from that distant star. You would then see that this earth as physical body is not only physical body, but that an etheric body and an astral body belong to it, just as with man. The earth has all this too. You would see the earth surrounded by its aura and from that star you would be able to follow the development of the earth's aura for thousands of years. You would see this earth surrounded by all sorts of colours; in the centre the physical kernel and around it the aura floating in various forms and colours; and in this spiritual atmosphere of the earth you would see the most varied structures. You would see these colours and forms change in various ways in the course of thousands of years; but there would come a moment, a moment of great importance, when the whole aura assumes a different form and colour. Seen from outside the earth then appears in a new light; and this takes place extremely quickly, so that one has to say: From this moment a fundamental trans-formation of the earth has taken place; its aura has changed completely. When is this? It is the moment when upon Golgotha the blood flowed from the wounds of the Redeemer. This moment is an extremely important one, the most important moment in the whole of the earth's evolution! The moment when the blood flows from the wounds of the Redeemer is the same as that in which the aura of the earth shapes itself anew. An entirely new power enters in, the power which gives the most important impulse to the earth's evolution, for which all that we have considered up to now was only the preparation.

To the chemist the blood of Golgotha is the same as any other blood; but in reality it is quite different. It signifies that the substance of the blood flows down to the earth, and that the spirit corresponding to it fills the aura of the earth with new impulses and new forces which have significance for the future evolution of humanity. From there the forces which change the earth stream forth, from there they stream through man. Only a small part of what flowed in at that moment has been realized up to now. Ever more and more man will learn to understand what the earth has become through that moment of Golgotha, and what man can develop towards in that consciousness which he has gained since Atlantis. What, then, has man gained since Atlantis? Two things: the “I”-consciousness and the faculty of sight in the external world. That which previously was open to him, the spiritual world, has been closed. Truly these earlier men saw what the later myths relate—Woden, Mercury, Jupiter, Zeus. They saw all these beings at night; they were then among them. This door to the spiritual beings has closed. In its place man gained the world now surrounding him. The spirits have withdrawn from him; all that he was able to see at that time has disappeared. Formerly he saw the Divine when he slipped out of the snail-shell of his physical body. He had now to see the Divine within the body if it were to appear before him. This means nothing else than that we must receive the Divine in bodily visible shape because human consciousness has become adapted to physical vision, and for this reason the Divine Itself had to assume bodily physical form. Therefore the Divine appeared once on the earth in a fleshly body. It had to appear in this form because man had advanced to this stage of perception it had to be presented in this way to his perception so that he could understand it. And all the appearances which had previously taken place at other stages of evolution had to be united in that greatest event in the earth's history, which will throw light on the whole future and which we shall now unveil from the Apocalypse; in that event which physically looks as if drops of blood stream down to the earth, but spiritually as if something rises up which changes the aura of the earth. The force which then flowed in will work together with the earth throughout the whole future. The earth-soul, the spirit of the whole earth, was then inoculated with something new. The Christ principle united with the earth at that time and the earth has become the body of this Christ principle. So that the statement is literally true, “He who eats my bread treads me underfoot.” When man eats the bread of the earth he eats the body of the earth and this is the body of the earth-spirit which, as the Christ-Spirit, since the event on Golgotha, is united with the earth. And man walks upon the earth-body, he treads this body underfoot. All can be understood literally if only we are able first of all to comprehend the text in the right way.

To such a man as the writer of John's Gospel, all that he knew, all that he could grasp with spiritual vision, was a summons to understand the greatest event in the earth's evolution. Of all that he was able to stream through spiritual vision he said, “I must use it in order to understand Christ and His work.” It was the intention of the writer of the Apocalypse to use all his occult knowledge in order to explain the Event of Golgotha. Whatever he could learn from occult science was regarded by him as a road to wisdom, helping him to understand this event which he has placed before us in such a wonderful way, and regarding which we shall see what it signified for him.

Sechster Vortrag

[ 1 ] Es ist in der materialistischen Wissenschaft allgemein gebräuchlich, mit Ausnahme einiger Kreise, die sich in der letzten Zeit zu einer anderen Erklärung entschlossen haben, die Entstehung unseres gegenwärtigen Sonnensystems so darzustellen, daß es sich herausgebildet hat aus einer Art von Urnebel, der einen Raum umfaßt hat bis über die Neptungrenze hinaus, also bis an die Bahn des äußersten Planeten unseres Sonnensystems. Und da, so nimmt man an, hat sich durch einen Verdichtungsprozeß nach und nach herausgebildet unsere Sonne und die sich um sie herumbewegenden Planeten. Wie gesagt, einige wenige Erklärer haben heute eine etwas anders lautende Anschauung, aber sie bringen auch noch nichts Wesentliches für uns, die wir auf dem Boden einer spirituellen Weltanschauung stehen. Also es hätte sich herausgeballt unsere Sonne mit den um sie kreisenden Planeten. Dabei wurde ja immer und wird auch heute noch in den Schulen ein niedlicher Vergleich gebracht, der so recht anschaulich machen soll, wie ein ganzes Planetensystem so durch Drehung entstehen kann. Da nimmt man eine ölige Substanz, die in Wasser schwimmt, und macht sie kugelförmig. Dann schneidet man ein kleines Blättchen, das man ganz in der Äquatorlinie so durchdrücken kann durch diese ölige Kugel, daß sie in zwei Hälften geteilt wird. Man steckt oben hinein eine Stecknadel, und dann gibt man das in Wasser, so daß es schwimmt. Man sieht alsdann, wenn man nun diese kleine Kugel dreht, wie sich zuerst ein Tropfen abspaltet und gleichsam als ein äußerer Körper die größere Kugel umkreist, wie sich dann ein zweiter, dritter Tropfen abspaltet und endlich in der Mitte ein großer Tropfen übrigbleibt, um den sich viele kleinere drehen. Ein Planetensystem im kleinen! — sagt man. Warum, so meint man, könne nicht aus jenem Urnebel einstmals durch solche Abdrehung unser Sonnensystem entstanden sein, wenn man es doch jetzt nachmachen kann bei einem solchen Miniatur-Sonnensystem?

[ 2 ] Es erscheint gewöhnlich dieser Vergleich den Menschen ungeheuer einleuchtend, und jetzt begreifen sie, wie einstmals aus solchem Urnebel sich herausgespaltet haben Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Erde, Venus, Merkur. Aber die ganze Geschichte, nicht nur der Vergleich, sondern überhaupt die ganze Anschauung geht hervor aus der Kurzatmigkeit alles Denkens der Gegenwart. Denn die betreffenden, zuweilen recht gelehrten Männer, die diesen Vergleich so einleuchtend hinstellen, vergessen dabei nur eines: daß sie nämlich selbst dabei sind und oben diese Nadel drehen! Nun ist ja Selbstvergessenheit in gewissen Gebieten des Lebens sehr gut, aber in diesem Fall ist gerade mit dem Experimentator das Allerwichtigste vergessen, ohne das der Öltropfen sich überhaupt nicht drehen würde. Mindestens müßte der Gelehrte, der mit solchem Aberglauben ausgestattet ist — Kant-Laplacesches System ist dieser Aberglaube benannt —, wenigstens ein klein bißchen Konsequenz im Denken haben. Er müßte wenigstens annehmen, daß sich damals irgendein Wesen einen Riesenstuhl in den Weltenraum hinausgestellt und eine Riesenachse in Bewegung gesetzt hätte. Das müßte man mindestens voraussetzen. Aber es hat sich allmählich das menschliche Denken so sehr daran gewöhnt, nur das Materielle ins Auge zu fassen, daß man den Widerspruch eines solchen Vergleiches gar nicht mehr bemerkt.

[ 3 ] In der Tat ist ja eine gewisse Wahrheit in diesem sogenannten Kant-Laplaceschen Weltensystem, wenn sich auch diese Wahrheit anders verhält, als die materialistische Erklärung die Sache hinstellt. Es ist eine gewisse Wahrheit darinnen, weil dem hellseherischen Blick alles, was unser heutiges Sonnensystem enthält, tatsächlich erscheint als aus solch ursprünglicher Nebelmasse hervorgegangen. Allein demjenigen, der wirklich geschichtlich forschen kann, dem wird klar, daß das Gute an der Kant-Laplaceschen Hypothese von den okkulten Traditionen herrührt. Das hat man vergessen, als das Wort «Okkultismus» etwas wurde, wovor man sich fürchtete wie Kinder vor dem schwarzen Mann. Aber das, was bei der Bildung unseres Sonnensystems wirklich geschehen ist, das ist nicht ohne den Einfluß von geistigen Wesenheiten und Mächten geschehen. Die Materie tut nichts, ohne daß geistige Wesen zugrunde liegen.

[ 4 ] Es würde uns heute zu weit führen, wenn wir, anknüpfend an das Gestrige, die ganze Erklärung unseres Sonnensystems aufnehmen wollten. Wir wollen außer Betracht lassen die Planeten wie Saturn, Jupiter und so weiter und nur ins Auge fassen, was vor allen Dingen für unser menschliches Leben und die menschliche Entwickelung von Bedeutung ist.

[ 5 ] In der Tat war einmal ein solcher Urnebel, und in diesem waren, wie aufgelöst, alle Teile unseres Sonnensystems. Aber mit diesem Urnebel verbunden, so daß sie dazu gehörten, waren die Wesenheiten, welche wir im Laufe der gestrigen Betrachtung kennengelernt haben. Zum Beispiel waren mit jenem Weltennebel, mit jenem kosmischen Nebel verbunden alle die Wesen, die in den 24 Stufen durchgemacht haben die Menschenstufe. Auch noch andere Wesenheiten waren mit ihm verbunden. Sie alle wohnten in jenem Urnebel, der, wenn man ihn nicht im Zusammenhang mit diesen Wesenheiten denkt, eine phantastische Abstraktion ist. Wie ihn sich der materialistische Chemiker etwa denkt, ist er unmöglich. So ist er nur in Gedanken, von der Wirklichkeit abgesondert. In Wirklichkeit ist er so vorhanden, daß er bewohnt ist von einer Reihe von geistigen Wesenheiten. Denn als jener Urnebel aufstieg zu seiner neuen Sichtbarkeit, da waren verbunden mit ihm alle die Wesenheiten, die einst den alten Saturn bewohnten, die dann die verschiedenen Entwickelungsstufen durch Sonne, Mond durchgemacht haben bis herauf zur Erde, wo nach langer Zwischenpause der Erden-Urnebel sozusagen aufstieg. Und auch die anderen Wesenheiten, die wir erst auf der Sonne kennengelernt haben, waren verbunden mit diesem Urnebel. Und diese Wesenheiten, der ganze Chorus, der darinnen war, der diesen Urnebel durchsetzte, diese sind es, welche die Bewegungen hervorriefen. Denn die Wesenheiten sind es, die sich ihren Schauplatz schaffen.

[ 6 ] Da waren zum Beispiel Wesenheiten, die einen ganz anderen Wohnplatz brauchten als die Menschen, wenn sie die ihnen entsprechende Entwickelung durchlaufen wollten. Die Menschen, die auf dem alten Monde als die Vorfahren der jetzigen Menschen gelebt haben, hatten erst physischen Leib, Ätherleib und Astralleib. Mit diesen drei Gliedern ihrer Wesenheit kamen sie im Beginne der Erdenentwickelung aus dem sogenannten Pralaya wiederum heraus wie eine Pflanze aus dem Samen. So, wie nun dieses ganze System im Anfang war, war es ungeeignet für die Wesenheiten, die die Anlagen mitgebracht hatten zum heutigen Menschen. Wäre jene Schnelligkeit der Entwickelung beibehalten worden, die unser Sonnensystem im Anfang hatte, als es herauskam aus der kosmischen Dämmerung, so hätte der Mensch seine Entwickelung nicht finden können. Es wäre eine Entwickelung gewesen, als ob Sie jetzt geboren würden und dann in kürzester Zeit schon Greise wären. Würde jene Schnelligkeit der Entwickelung beibehalten worden sein, die der Sonne eigen war, so würden Sie alle rasch altern. Sie würden nicht jenen langsamen Gang durch die Jahrzehnte machen können, wie Sie es wirklich tun. Nach kurzer Zeit würden Sie weiße Haare haben. Kaum daß Sie Kind gewesen sind, würden Sie schon Greise sein.

[ 7 ] So hat es nicht sein dürfen. Es waren also Wesenheiten vorhanden, die ein schnelleres Tempo brauchten. Diese \Wesenheiten machten nur einen Teil der Entwickelung mit, nahmen sich dann jenen Weltenkörper heraus, der heute als Sonne am Himmel steht, und machten diese Sonne zu ihrem Wohnplatz. Sie zogen mit ihrer Wesenheit die Sonnenmaterie heraus. Denn diese Sonne, die heute ihr Licht uns zuschickt, ist ebenso von geistigen \Wesenheiten bewohnt wie unsere Erde. Mit jedem Sonnenstrahl, der herunterdringt, gehen auf die Erde herunter die Taten jener geistigen Wesenheiten, die sich im Verlauf der Saturn-, Sonnen-, Mondenentwickelung dahin gebracht haben, daß sie eine so rasche Entwickelung durchmachen können, wie sie auf der heutigen Sonne stattfindet. Hohe, erhabene Wesenheiten sind verknüpft mit diesem Sonnendasein im Beginne unserer Erdenentwickelung, und sie spalten sich ab. Und was dann zurückgeblieben ist, müssen Sie sich so vorstellen, als wenn Sie den heutigen Mond und die heutige Erde in einem großen Topf zusammengerührt hätten und diese zusammengerührten Erde und Mond zunächst eine Zeitlang die Sonne umkreisten.

[ 8 ] So haben wir, bevor wir den Punkt erreichen, den wir gestern als Menschwerdung bezeichnet haben, zunächst die Trennung der Sonne von der Erde, das heißt der heutigen Erde plus dem heutigen Monde festzustellen. Auf der Sonne blieben wohnen die Wesenheiten, welche die geistigen Lenker der irdischen Ereignisse sind. Als sie vom Monde herüberkamen, da waren es sieben solcher Wesenheiten. Die Genesis nennt sie Elohim, Lichtgeister. Sie haben eine Weile ihre Entwickelung mit der Erde zusammen durchgemacht und dann die Sonne herausgezogen, so daß sie nun von der Sonne heraus auf die Erde wirken können. Diese Elohim, diese Lichtgeister waren also ihrer sieben. Sechs von ihnen waren so, daß sie ihr Dasein mit der eigentlichen kosmischen Sonne verbanden. Einer sonderte sich aus von ihnen, einer, den das Alte Testament Jahve nennt. Der sonderte sich aus und blieb zunächst mit der Erde verbunden. Der leitete und lenkte die Erdenentwickelung von innen heraus, während die anderen von außen herein wirkten. So war es eine Weile.

[ 9 ] Aber schon nach dem, was gestern für den alten Mond angedeutet worden ist, werden Sie es begreiflich finden, daß mit dem Herausgehen der Sonne eine Verdichtung alles dessen verbunden war, was als Erde plus Mond zurückblieb. Es kam eine Periode über die Erdentwickelung, wo alle Wesenheiten, und nicht nur die Substanz, eine Vergröberung durchmachten. Die Wesenheiten zum Beispiel, die später die Menschen wurden, die damals noch sehr weich und fein waren, machten dadurch eine Vergröberung durch, daß sie scheußliche Instinkte annahmen. Eine Vergröberung des ganzen Lebens fand statt.

[ 10 ] Aber so durfte die Entwickelung nicht bleiben, wenn der Mensch entstehen sollte. Es würde eine Vergröberung eingetreten sein, dichter und dichter wäre alles geworden, und die Menschen wären zu Mumien erstarrt. Mumifiziert wären die Menschen geworden, und Sie hätten sehr bald einen Planeten gehabt, auf dem so etwas wie nicht gerade schöne, aber menschenähnliche Mumien, wie Statuen, sich angesammelt hätten. Mumifiziert wäre die Erde geworden. Es mußte ein anderes Ereignis eintreten. Gerade durch die Regierung des kosmischen Geistes Jahve wurde nun aus dieser Gesamtmasse Erde plus Mond dasjenige abgesondert, herausgeholt, was Sie jetzt als Mond, als diese ausgebrannte Mondschlacke am Himmel sehen. Da wurden nicht nur die gröbsten substantiellen Bestandteile, sondern auch die gröbsten Wesenheiten ausgesondert. So war durch das Weggehen der Sonne zuerst bewirkt worden, daß der Mensch nicht eine zu rasche Entwickelung nimmt, und durch das Weggehen des Mondes wurde nun bewirkt, daß der Mensch nicht eine Entwickelung nach dem Verdorren, nach dem Verdichten, nach dem Mumifizieren hin nimmt.

[ 11 ] So war die Erde herausgesondert aus der ganzen Masse, und jetzt wird der Gang der menschlichen Entwickelung unter dem Einflusse dieser zwei Himmelskörper über die Erde geleitet, das heißt natürlich nicht unter dem Einfluß der Himmelskörper, sondern ihrer Wesenheiten, der sechs Sonnengeister und des Mondengeistes, der sich zum Heil der Menschen abgesondert hatte. Und sie wird so geleitet, daß im wesentlichen diese beiden Kräfte sich die Waage halten. Durch das Heraustreten beider, der Sonnenkräfte und der Mondkräfte, wurde gerade das richtige Tempo der Menschheitsentwickelung erzielt.

[ 12 ] Denken Sie einmal — um Ihnen das durch etwas anderes nahezuführen —, daß nur die Sonne wirksam wäre für den Menschen. Sie wissen, die Menschen machen ihre Entwickelung auf der Erde in vielen, vielen Inkarnationen durch. Sie haben einmal mit der ersten Verkörperung auf der Erde angefangen und bekommen immer wieder neue Leiber, bis sie die letzte Verkörperung durchmachen werden. Eine Reihe von Inkarnationen macht der Mensch durch. Dadurch entwickelt er sich langsam und geht von Verkörperung zu Verkörperung aufwärts. Als wahre geistige Babies betraten die Menschen unsere Erdoberfläche. Seit der Trennung von Sonne und Mond von unserer Erde stiegen sie herauf bis zur heutigen Stufe. Alle diese Seelen werden wiederkommen in anderen Leibern bis zum Ende der Erdenentwickelung. Nun denken Sie sich, daß nur die Sonne wirksam wäre für den Menschen. Dann würden die Menschen alles das, was sie in so vielen Inkarnationen durchmachen, in einer einzigen durchlaufen müssen. Daß das richtige Tempo in die vielen Inkarnationen hineinkommt, das wird bewirkt durch das Sich-die-Waage-Halten der Kräfte zwischen Sonne und Mond von außen.

[ 13 ] In der Zeit, in welcher also Sonne und Mond hinausgetreten sind, beginnt allmählich der heutige Mensch. Da wird die erste Anlage zum heutigen Menschen geschaffen. Das war in einer Zeit, wo der Mensch keineswegs etwa schon wie heute auf dieser Erde herumwandelte. Sie dürfen durchaus nicht glauben, daß, als der Mond draußen war, der Mensch so wie heute in Fleischgestalt auf dieser Erde herumgewandelt ist. Es kommen zuerst all die Formen, die früher schon dagewesen waren, wie in einer Wiederholung wieder. Und als die Erde befreit war von der Sonne und dem Mond, da sah sie ungefähr so aus wie der alte Mond, war sogar noch weicher. Und wenn ein Auge, das so organisiert ist wie das heutige, hingesehen hätte auf die Erde, es hätte den Menschen noch nicht sehen können. Dagegen waren gewisse andere Wesenheiten da, welche nicht reif genug waren, abzuwarten die spätere Zeit. Sie mußten, während die Entwickelungsstufe noch unvollkommen war, sich herausentwickeln, mußten körperliche Gestalt annehmen, so daß gewisse Formen der niederen Tiere dazumal, einige Zeit nach dem Weggange des Mondes von der Erde, schon in physischer Verdichtung zu sehen waren. Der Mensch war noch nicht herabgestiegen, noch nicht einmal die höheren Säugetiere. Der Mensch war noch ein Geistwesen, er umschwebte noch als geistiges Wesen die Erde. Aus der Umgebung der Erde hat er die feinste Materie angenommen. Nach und nach verdichtete sich der Mensch so weit, daß er heruntersteigen konnte, da, wo die Erde schon fest geworden war und einzelne Inseln gebildet harte.

[ 14 ] So sehen wir, daß die ersten Menschen verhältnismäßig spät auftreten und daß sie damals ganz andere Beschaffenheit hatten als der heutige Mensch. Ich kann Ihnen nicht die Gestalten jener Menschen schildern, die sozusagen sich zuerst herauskristallisierten aus dem Geistigen. Wenn Sie auch schon viel von schwer zu Glaubendem über sich haben ergehen lassen müssen, Sie würden doch zu stark schockiert werden, wenn ich Ihnen schildern würde die grotesk ausschauenden Gestalten der Leiber, in denen Ihre Seelen inkarniert waren. Sie würden solch eine Schilderung nicht ertragen können. In einer späteren Zeit jedoch, wenn diese Dinge, die heute durch die anthroposophische Geistesströmung erst beginnen zum Bewußtsein der Menschen zu kommen, immer mehr und mehr dieses Bewußtsein der Menschen erobern, dann wird einmal das bekannt gegeben werden müssen, und es wird einen ungeheuren Erfolg haben, eine ungeheure Bedeutung für das ganze Leben der Menschen. Denn nur dadurch, daß der Mensch kennenlernen wird, wie er sich auch leiblich entwickelt hat, wie diejenigen Organe, die jetzt vorhanden sind, allmählich aus ganz anderen Formen sich herausgebildet haben, wird er jene merkwürdige Verwandtschaft zwischen Organen im menschlichen Leibe fühlen, die heute scheinbar weit auseinanderliegen. Da wird er die Korrespondenz einsehen, die zwischen gewissen Organen besteht, zum Beispiel zwischen dem Blinddarm und der Luftröhre, die in ihrer früheren Form bei jenen merkwürdigen Gestalten zusammengewachsen waren. Das alles, was heute der Mensch ist, das ist das auseinandergerollte Frühere, das in der mannigfaltigsten Weise auseinandergenommen ist. Organe, die heute auseinanderliegen, waren früher zusammengewachsen, sie haben aber ihre Verwandtschaft wohl bewahrt. In Krankheiten zeigt sich oft diese Verwandtschaft, da zeigt sich, wie die Erkrankung eines Organes notwendigerweise die eines anderen nach sich ziehen muß. Da werden diejenigen, die wirklich Medizin studieren werden, mancherlei Entdeckungen zu machen ‚haben, von denen sich die heutige Medizin, die nur eine Notizensammlung ist, nichts träumen läßt. Da wird diese Medizin erst wirklich etwas lernen über die wahre menschliche Natur. Das alles nur, um hinzuweisen, wie ganz anders die frühere Menschengestalt war.

[ 15 ] Erst nach und nach haben sich eingegliedert in diese menschliche Gestalt die festen Teile. Ursprünglich waren im Menschenleibe, auch als er sich schon heruntergesenkt hatte, noch keine Knochen. Die Knochen entwickelten sich aus weichen, knorpelartigen Dingen, die wie Stränge den menschlichen Leib durchsetzten, und diese wiederum waren aus ganz weichen Substanzen entstanden, und diese weichen Substanzen aus flüssigen, diese aus luftförmigen, die luftförmigen aus ätherischen und die ätherischen aus astralischen, die sich aus geistiger Substantialität verdichtet hatten. Alles Materielle ist zum Schluß aus dem Geistigen heraus entsprungen. Im Geiste ist alles vorgebildet. Erst in der Zeit, die wir schon angedeutet haben als den atlantischen Zeitraum, ist der Mensch nach und nach dazu gekommen, sein Knochensystem, das schon früher veranlagt war, herauszubilden.

[ 16 ] Nun müssen wir uns diesen lemurischen Menschen genauer anschauen, damit wir den Schreiber der Apokalypse besser verstehen lernen. Nur hinzudeuten brauche ich, daß in der ersten Zeit, wo der Mond weg war von der Erde und der Mensch sich heruntersenkte, daß da der Mensch in bezug auf seine Willenskraft ganz anderer Natur war als später. Die Willenskraft des Menschen wirkte dazumal magisch. Der Mensch konnte durch seinen Willen auf das Wachstum der Blumen wirken. Wenn der Mensch seinen Willen anstrengte, konnte er eine Blume rasch in die Höhe schieBen lassen, eine Fähigkeit, die heute nur durch eine abnorme Entwickelungsprozedur zu erreichen ist. Daher war damals die ganze natürliche Umgebung abhängig davon, wie der Wille des Menschen beschaffen war. War er gut, so wirkte er besänftigend auf das Wogen der Wassermassen, auf den Sturm und auf die damals in weitem Umkreis herrschenden feurigen Gebilde, denn es war die Erde damals zum großen Teil vulkanischer Natur. Der Mensch wirkte besänftigend auf das alles durch einen guten, und zerstörend durch einen bösen Willen. Ganze Inseln konnten zerschlagen werden durch den bösen Willen. So war durchaus des Menschen Wille im Einklang mit seiner Umgebung. Im wesentlichen gingen die Ländermassen, in denen der Mensch damals gewohnt hat, durch den bösen Willen der Menschen zugrunde, und nur ein kleiner Teil der damaligen Menschen — hier müssen wir wieder zwischen Rassen- und Seelenentwickelung unterscheiden — rettete sich hinüber in den Zeitraum, den wir richtig beschreiben können, weil wir da aus unserer Sprache heraus Worte finden, die die hellscherische Wahrnehmung wiedergeben können.

[ 17 ] Wir kommen nach dieser Katastrophe in die alte atlantische Zeit, in jene Zeit, in welcher sich das Menschengeschlecht im wesentlichen auf einem Kontinent entwickelte, der heute den Boden des Atlantischen Ozeans bildet, zwischen dem heutigen Europa und Amerika. Unter ganz anderen physikalischen, unter ganz anderen Verhältnissen überhaupt lebte damals der Mensch. Anfangs war er durchaus ein Gebilde, das ganz anders wahrnahm als der heutige Mensch. Wir haben schon darauf hingedeutet im ersten Vortrag und später wiederum. Heute wollen wir nochmals etwas genauer hinweisen auf diese ganz andere Art der Anschauung des damaligen Menschen.

[ 18 ] Der Mensch hatte noch eine Art alten Hellsehens aus dem Grunde, weil das Gefüge seiner Leibesglieder anders war als heute. Es war noch nicht in so enger Weise der Äther- mit dem physischen Leibe verbunden. Der Ätherleib des Kopfes war weit heraußen aus dem physischen Leibe. Erst gegen das letzte Drittel der atlantischen Zeit ging der heraushängende Ätherleib zurück und bekam die Form des heutigen physischen Menschenkopfes. Dadurch, daß dieser alte Atlantier so ganz anders gestaltet war als der heutige Mensch und anders im Gefüge seiner Glieder war, war auch das ganze Bewußtseinsleben, das ganze Seelenleben dieses alten Atlantiers ein anderes. Und hier müssen wir noch, wenn wir richtig verstehen wollen den Apokalyptiker, ein sehr wichtiges, aber auch sehr geheimnisvolles Kapitel berühren.

[ 19 ] Wenn Sie in diese alte Atlantis kommen würden, würden Sie finden, daß sie nicht von solch reiner Luft umgeben war wie die heutige Erde, sondern von einer Luft, die durchschwängert war mit Nebel-, mit Wassermassen. Diese Luft wird durchsichtiger, klarer, je weiter sich die Atlantis entwickelt. Aber die Nebel sind am stärksten dort, wo sich die erwähnte höherentwickelte atlantische Kultur entfaltet hat. Da waren die ärgsten Nebel vorhanden, und aus diesen Nebeln heraus entwickelte sich die Grundlage für die späteren Kulturen. Die Atlantis war weit und breit mit solchen Nebeln durchzogen. Eine solche Verteilung von Regen und Sonnenschein wie heute hat es nicht gegeben. Daher konnte in der alten Atlantis das nicht entstehen, was Sie als den Regenbogen kennen. Sie können die ganze Atlantis absuchen, Sie finden ihn kaum. Erst als die Verdichtung der Wasser zur Überflutung geführt hatte, als die Sintflut hingegangen war über die Erde, da erst konnte der Regenbogen physikalisch entstehen. Und hier haben Sie einen Moment, wo Ihnen aus der Geisteswissenschaft heraus die höchste Ehrfurcht kommen wird vor den religiösen Urkunden. Denn wenn Ihnen erzählt wird, daß nach der Flut Noah, der Repräsentant von denen, die das Menschengeschlecht hinübergerettet haben, den Regenbogen zuerst aufgerichtet sieht, so ist das wirklich ein historisches Ereignis. Nach der Flut sieht die Menschheit den ersten Regenbogen. Früher war er physikalisch nicht möglich.

[ 20 ] Da sehen Sie, wie tief, wie buchstäblich wahr die religiösen Urkunden sind. Heute quält es manchen, wenn man sagt, die religiösen Urkunden seien buchstäblich wahr. Manche zitieren ein Sprichwort, das wahr ist, aber von den Bequemlingen nicht als wahres Wort, sondern aus Bequemlichkeit zitiert wird. Es ist das Wort: Der Buchstabe tötet, der Geist aber macht lebendig. — Daraus leiten sie die Berechtigung ab, überhaupt gar nicht mehr auf das hinzuschauen, was in den Urkunden dasteht, gar nicht mehr den Willen haben zu müssen, zu erkennen, was da wirklich steht, denn das ist der tötende Buchstabe, sagen sie. Und so lassen sie ihren Geist glänzen, der alles mögliche zusammenphantasiert. Sie können ja sehr geistreich sein, diese Menschen in ihren Erklärungen, aber darauf kommt es nicht an, sondern darauf, daß wir wirklich das sehen in den Urkunden, was in ihnen drinnensteht. «Der Buchstabe tötet, der Geist aber macht lebendig», dieses Wort hat dieselbe Bedeutung in der mystischen Sprache wie das Goethesche Wort:

Und so lang du das nicht hast,
Dieses: Stirb und werde!
Bist du nur ein trüber Gast
Auf der dunklen Erde.

[ 21 ] Dieses Wort heißt nicht: Wenn du jemand zur höheren Erkenntnis führen willst, mußt du ihn erschlagen —, sondern das heißt: Der Mensch muß gerade durch die Kultur der physischen Welt sich erheben zu der Geistigkeit. — So ist auch der Buchstabe der Leib des Geistes, und erst muß man ihn haben und verstehen, dann mag man sagen, man könne aus ihm heraus den Geist finden. Der Buchstabe, der begriffene Buchstabe soll dann absterben, auf daß der Geist aus ihm auferstehe. Nicht eine Anweisung ist jenes Wort, beliebig zu phantasieren gegenüber dem, was in den religiösen Urkunden steht. Gerade wenn wir die wahre Bedeutung dieses Regenbogens zum Beispiel, wie wir sie dargestellt haben, erkennen, dann zieht etwas ein in unsere Seele wie tiefe Ehrfurcht vor den religiösen Urkunden, und wir bekommen einen Begriff, wie durch jene Vertiefung der Auffassung durch die anthroposophische Weltanschauung der Mensch erst zur wahren, echten Empfindung und zum wahren Willensverständnis der religiösen Urkunden vorschreitet.

[ 22 ] Nun wollen wir zurückschauen in die alte Atlantis, Wir haben schon gesagt, daß der Mensch da in einem anderen Bewußtseinszustand lebte, daß sein Gedächtnis anders war als heute. Aber der Unterschied ist noch viel beträchtlicher. Wenn wir weit zurückgehen, nicht bloß bis in die Endzeit der Atlantis, sondern in die Anfangszeit, dann finden wir das menschliche Bewußtsein sehr verschieden von dem, was wir heute haben.

[ 23 ] Führen wir uns noch einmal vor die Seele, was heute da ist. Während des Tages bedient sich der Mensch der Sinne. Abends schläft er ein. Im Bette liegen der physische Leib und der ätherische Leib, der astralische Leib und das Ich treten heraus. Die Bewußtseinssphäre verdunkelt sich. Der Mensch von heute sieht .nichts, hört nichts. Morgens, wenn der astralische Leib mit dem Ich untertaucht in den physischen und Ätherleib, dann treten die physischen Dinge wiederum hervor. Wie war es in der ersten atlantischen Zeit? Nehmen wir jenen Zeitpunkt, wo morgens der Mensch hinuntertauchte in den physischen und Ätherleib. Da hatte er damals nicht eine solche physische Welt um sich wie heute. All die Gegenstände von heute, die Sie mit klaren Grenzen sehen, die würden Sie wie mit einer Aura, mit Farbensäumen umgeben, ganz verschwommen gesehen haben, so, wie Sie auch bei einem starken Nebel abends die Lichter auf den Straßen nicht klar sehen, dafür aber solche Farbensäume um die Lichter der Laterne herum. So war es in der alten Atlantis. Alle Gegenstände sah man nur verschwommen, nichts mit den Grenzen und Oberflächen von heute, alles wie in Nebelfarben eingehüllt. Erst nach und nach hat sich das herausgebildet, was feste Grenze ist. Wenn wir eine Rose vor uns gehabt hätten, so hätten wir in den ersten Zeiten der alten Atlantis gesehen, wie da ein Nebelgebilde aufgeht, wie in der Mitte ein rosaroter Kreis ist, und nach und nach erst hätten sich die äußeren Farben gleichsam hinübergelegt über die Oberfläche. Die Gegenstände haben erst später klare Umrisse bekommen.

[ 24 ] Also Sie sehen, ganz anders ist jetzt die physische Umwelt als in der alten Atlantis. Dafür war es auch anders, wenn Sie des Abends herausgestiegen sind aus Ihrem physischen Leib und, sagen wir, eingeschlafen sind. Eigentlich war es ja kein Einschlafen im heutigen Sinne. Allerdings, die ganze Welt der nebelhaften physischen Gebilde blieb unter Ihnen, aber auf ging eine geistige Welt. Ohne feste Grenzen lebten Sie sich in eine geistige Welt hinein. Die geistigen Wesenheiten waren Ihre Mitbewohner. So wechselten Tag und Nacht in der ersten atlantischen Zeit miteinander ab. Wenn der Mensch untertauchte in seinen physischen Leib, hatte er nur undeutliche, verschwommene Bilder des Physischen, aber wenn er des Nachts den physischen Leib verließ, hatte er die Möglichkeit, wenn auch etwas verschwommen, geistig unter Geistern zu leben, unter Geistern zu wandeln. Und vor allen Dingen war das ganze Empfindungsleben des Menschen auch ein anderes in der alten atlantischen Zeit. Wenn Sie, sagen wir, herausgegangen sind aus dem Innern Ihres physischen und Ätherleibes, da hätten Sie nicht Ermüdung gefühlt, kein Bedürfnis nach Ruhe gehabt. Sie hätten auch die Ruhe nicht gefunden; Sie mußten eintreten in die geistige Welt, da war die Sphäre des Wirkens. Wenn es dagegen Morgen wurde, fühlten Sie Ruhebedürfnis, und da suchten Sie sozusagen Ihr Bett auf, das Ihr eigener Leib war. Da blieben Sie ruhig liegen. Sie verkrochen sich in Ihren eigenen Leib und ruhten gerade bei Tage.

[ 25 ] In der ersten Zeit der Atlantis war es also durchaus anders als jetzt. Die atlantische Zeit verläuft so, daß der Mensch sich allmählich herüberlebt aus den ganz entgegengesetzten Zuständen in die späteren. Er lebt sich in dem Maße herüber, als sein Ätherleib mehr und mehr hineingetrieben wird in den physischen Leib. Im letzten Drittel der atlantischen Zeit wurde der Ätherleib hineingetrieben in den physischen Leib. Vor diesem Ereignis fühlte sich der Mensch oben in der geistigen Welt als Wachender. Aber als solcher sagte er nicht zu sich Ich, hatte er nicht das Selbstbewußtsein. Wenn er herausging aus dem physischen und Ätherleib, um in die Helligkeit der Nacht sich hineinzubegeben, da fühlte er sich so recht als Glied der Geistigkeit, die da oben war, fühlte sich sozusagen hineingeborgen in seine alte Gruppenseele. Jedesmal wurde es um ihn hell in der Nacht, aber er fühlte sich unselbständig. Wie unsere Finger zu unserem Ich, so fühlten sich die Menschen hinzugehörig zu den Gruppenseelen, die hellseherisch so gesehen werden, wie sie in den vier Köpfen des Löwen, Ochsen, Adlers und Menschen in der Apokalypse des Johannes geschildert sind. In irgendeine solche Gruppenseele hineinversetzt fühlte sich der Mensch. Und erst wenn er in seinem Leibesschneckenhaus war, fühlte er, daß er etwas Eigenes hatte. Denn daß der Mensch ein selbständiges Wesen wurde, das kam davon, daß er sich einschließen konnte in seinen Leib. Er mußte allerdings dieses Einschließen in seinen Leib damit bezahlen, daß sich nach und nach die geistige Welt für ihn verfinsterte, daß sie sich ganz und gar von ihm zurückzog. Dafür aber wurde immer heller und klarer die Welt, die er unten sah, wenn er im physischen Leibe war. Damit dämmerte immer mehr und mehr in ihm auf, daß er ein Ich sei, daß er in sich selbst ein Selbstbewußtsein trage. Er lernte zu sich Ich sagen.

[ 26 ] Wenn wir charakterisieren wollen, was damals geschah, so denken wir uns den Menschen, wie er gleichsam hinauskriecht aus seinem Leibesschneckenhaus, in die geistige Welt hinein. Er ist da unter geistig-göttlichen Wesenheiten. Da tönt ihm sein Name, das was er ist, von außen entgegen. Der einen Gruppe tönt entgegen das Wort, das in der Ursprache das Wort war für diese Gruppe, der anderen das Wort für die andere Gruppe. Der Mensch konnte sich nicht von innen heraus benennen, er mußte von außen seinen Namen entgegengetönt erhalten. Wenn er so herauskroch aus seinem Leibesschneckenhaus, wußte er, was er war, weil es ihm in die Seele hineingerufen wurde. Jetzt, da er lernte, in seinem Leibe wahrzunehmen die physische Umgebung, da lernte er sich als Ich empfinden, da lernte er die göttliche Kraft, die ihm früher von außen eingetönt war, in sich selbst fühlen. Er lernte den Gott in sich selber fühlen. Der ihm der nächste war, dieser Gott, der zu gleicher Zeit sein Ich andeutete, den nannte er Jahve, der war der Ich-Leiter. Die Kraft dieses Gottes fühlte der Mensch zunächst in seinem Ich aufgehen.

[ 27 ] Damit waren äußere Ereignisse verbunden. Wenn der alte Atlantier so untertauchte in seinen physischen Leib, dann sah er wohl auch hinaus in den Himmelsraum, und da sah er, wie gesagt, einen wirklichen Regenbogen nicht, aber so etwas wie ein Kreis aus Farbe gebildet war da, wo später die Sonne auftauchte. Die Sonne drang noch nicht durch mit ihrer Kraft, aber sie wirkte durch den Nebel hindurch. Gehindert, aufgehalten durch den Nebel wirkte sie mit ihrer Kraft auf die Erde. Immer mehr und mehr kam sie heraus, so daß alles, was geschildert worden ist, dieser Aufgang des äußeren Bewußtseins, verknüpft war mit dem Herauskommen der Sonne aus dem Nebel. Was da oben war, wo ihren Wohnsitz hatten die sechs anderen Geister, die mit Jahve zusammen die Erdenentwickelung zu lenken hatten, das drang allmählich heraus, das schien herunter in seinen Taten auf die Erde.

[ 28 ] Was war mit dem Menschen vorgegangen? Der Mensch war früher, seiner eigentlichen Seele, seinem Geiste nach, wenn er aus dem Leibe herausgestiegen war, wenn es sozusagen Nacht war, in innere, astralische Helligkeit getreten, zu der die äußere Sonne nicht notwendig ist. Diese Helligkeit war um ihn herum. Es war dasselbe Licht von mächtigen geistigen Wesenheiten, das später physisch herunterschien von der Sonne. Als er immer mehr sich in sein physisches Bewußtsein einschloß, da wurde das Tor des inneren Schauens zugeschlossen. Finsternis umgab ihn, wenn er des Nachts seinen physischen und seinen Ätherleib verließ und in die geistige Welt eintrat. In demselben Maße, in dem er sich einschloß, stieg das äußere Licht auf, das die Taten der geistigen Wesenheiten der Sonne darstellt. Das Licht der geistigen Wesenheiten schien äußerlich herunter auf die Erde. Der Mensch bereitete sich vor, das äußere Licht als etwas Materielles anzusehen. In sein jetziges verfinstertes Innere schien das Licht, das Licht aber wurde von seinen Finsternissen zunächst nicht begriffen.

[ 29 ] Das ist ein weltgeschichtlicher, kosmischer Vorgang. Der Mensch hat sich in der damaligen Zeit durch die geistige Verfinsterung sein Selbstbewußtsein erkauft. So ist der Mensch herausgewachsen aus der Gruppenseelen-Helligkeit. Aber es war nur das allererste Aufdämmern der Individualität. Lange, lange dauerte es noch, bis wahrhaft die Individualität über den Menschen kam. Es verging die letzte atlantische Zeit; die Flut brach herein. Die nachatlantische Zeit begann, die uralt indische Kultur verging. Das Selbstbewußtsein war da noch nicht gediehen. Dann kam die persische, die ägyptisch-babylonische Zeit. Immer mehr reifte der Mensch dazu heran, das Selbstbewußtsein in sich zu entwickeln. Endlich kam der vierte Zeitraum. Da vollzog sich etwas von ungeheurer Wichtigkeit, zu dem das vorher Geschehene die Vorbereitung war.

[ 30 ] Denken Sie sich einmal hinweggehoben von der Erde an einen fernen Stern und mit hellseherischem Auge begabt herunterschauend auf die Erde von jenem fernen Sterne aus. Da würden Sie sehen, daß diese Erde als physischer Leib eben nur physischer Leib ist und daß zu ihr gehören Ätherleib und astralischer Leib wie zum Menschen. Das alles hat auch die Erde. Sie würden die Erde von ihrer Aura umgeben sehen, und Sie würden durch Jahrtausende von jenem Stern aus verfolgen können die Entwickelung der irdischen Aura, Sie würden diese Erde eingeschlossen sehen von allerlei Farben: in der Mitte den physischen Kern, und darum herum flutend die Aura in verschiedenen Formen und Farben, die verschiedensten Gebilde darinnen in dieser geistigen Atmosphäre der Erde. Sie würden diese Farben und Formen im Laufe der Jahrtausende sich mannigfaltig verändern sehen, aber es würde ein Zeitpunkt eintreten, ein Zeitpunkt von großer Wichtigkeit: da nimmt die ganze Aura eine andere Form und Farbe an. Die Erde erscheint in einem neuen Lichte, zunächst von außen gesehen. Und das geschieht mit ungeheurer Schnelligkeit, so daß man sich sagen muß: Von diesem Augenblick an ist eine Grundverwandlung mit der Erde vor sich gegangen, die Erdenaura hat sich völlig verwandelt. — Welcher Zeitpunkt ist das? Das ist der Zeitpunkt, wo auf Golgatha das Blut aus den Wunden des Erlösers floß. Dieser Augenblick ist ein höchst wichtiger, der wichtigste Augenblick der ganzen Erdenentwickelung. Der Augenblick, wo das Blut aus den Wunden des Erlösers fließt, ist derselbe, wo die Aura der Erde sich neugestaltet. Es tritt eine ganz neue Kraft ein, jene Kraft, die der wichtigste Impuls für die Erdenentwickelung ist, zu der alles, was wir bisher gesehen haben, nur Vorbereitung war.

[ 31 ] Für den Chemiker ist das Blut auf Golgatha dasselbe wie anderes Blut auch. Aber dieses Blut ist ein ganz anderes. Es bedeutet, daß die Materie des Blutes hinunterfließt auf den Erdboden und daß der Geist, der dem Blute entspricht, die Erdenaura erfüllt mit neuen Impulsen und neuen Kräften, die ihre Bedeutung haben für die zukünftige Menschheitsentwickelung. Von da strahlen die Kräfte aus, welche die Erde umändern, von da strahlen sie durch den Menschen. Nur ein kleiner Teil dessen, was eingeflossen ist in jenem Momente, hat sich bis heute erfüllt. Immer mehr und mehr werden die Menschen lernen, zu verstehen, was die Erde durch jenen Moment von Golgatha geworden ist, was der Mensch werden kann in dem Bewußtsein, das er sich auf die geschilderte Art errungen hat seit der Atlantis.

[ 32 ] Was hat sich denn der Mensch errungen seit der Atlantis? Zweierlei: das Ich-Bewußtsein und die Fähigkeit, außen in der äußeren Welt zu sehen. Zugeschlossen hat sich vor ihm, was früher offen für ihn war, die geistige Welt. Wahrhaftig, diese früheren Menschen, sie haben gesehen, was die späteren Mythen erzählen: Wotan — Merkur, Jupiter — Zeus, all die Gestalten haben sie des Nachts gesehen. Sie waren in der Nacht mitten unter ihnen. Das Tor zu diesen geistigen Wesenheiten hat sich zugeschlossen. Dafür hat der Mensch sich erobert die heutige Welt um ihn herum. Die Geister sind vor ihm zurückgetreten. Alles, was er damals hat sehen können, ist zurückgetreten. Früher hat er das Göttliche gesehen, wenn er hinausgeschlüpft ist aus dem Schneckenhaus seines physischen Leibes; jetzt mußte er innerhalb des Leibes das Göttliche sehen, wenn es vor ihm auftreten sollte. Das heißt nichts anderes, als daß wir das Göttliche in leiblich-sichtbarer Gestalt annehmen müssen, weil das Menschenbewußtsein so geworden war, daß es hingeordnet war auf das physische Schauen. Deshalb mußte das Göttliche selbst leiblich-physische Gestalt annehmen. Darum erschien das Göttliche einmal in der Zeitentwickelung im fleischlichen Leibe. Es mußte so erscheinen, weil der Mensch bis zu dieser Stufe des Wahrnehmens vorgedrungen war. Es mußte so seiner Wahrnehmung gegeben werden, damit er es verstehen konnte. Und es mußten all die Erscheinungen, die früher eingetreten waren für andere Stufen der Entwickelung, sich zusammenschließen in jenem größten Ereignis der Erdenentwickelung, das uns Licht werfen wird auf alle Zukunft, die wir nunmehr aus der Apokalypse enthüllen werden: in jenem Ereignis, das sich physisch so ausnimmt, daß die Blutstropfen niederströmten zur Erde; das, hellseherisch wahrgenommen, aber als etwas aufsteigt, was die Aura der Erde verändert. Die Kraft, die da einfloß, wird zusammenwirken mit der Erde in alle Zukunft hinein. Damit war der Erdenseele, dem Geist der ganzen Erde, etwas Neues eingeimpft worden. Was das Christus-Prinzip ist, hat sich damals mit der Erde verbunden, und die Erde ist der Leib dieses Christus-Prinzips geworden, so daß wörtlich wahr ist: «Wer mein Brot isset, der tritt mich mit Füßen.» Wenn der Mensch das Brot der Erde ißt, so ißt er den: Leib der Erde, und das ist der Leib des Erdgeistes, der seit jenem Ereignis auf Golgatha als Christus-Geist mit der Erde verbunden ist. Und der Mensch wandelt auf diesem Erdenleib herum, er tritt diesen Leib mit Füßen. Alles ist wörtlich zu verstehen, wenn wir uns erst die Möglichkeit verschaffen, den Wortlaut in der wirklichen Weise aufzufassen.

[ 33 ] Für einen solchen Menschen wie den Schreiber des JohannesEvangeliums wurde alles, was er wußte, was er im hellseherischen Schauen erfassen konnte, zu einer Aufforderung, das größte Ereignis der Erdenentwickelung zu verstehen. Was er lernen konnte hellseherisch, von dem sagte er sich: Ich muß es gebrauchen, um die Gestalt des Christus zu verstehen und ihre Wirkung. — Alle Geheimwissenschaft zur Erklärung des Ereignisses von Golgatha zu verwenden, ist die Tendenz dessen gewesen, der die Apokalypse geschrieben hat. Nichts anderes wollte er in dem erblicken, was er in der Geheimwissenschaft lernen konnte, als eine dienende Weisheit, um dieses Ereignis zu verstehen, das er in so großartiger Weise vor unsere Seele gestellt hat und von dem wir sehen werden, was es für ihn geworden ist.

Sixth Lecture

[ 1 ] With the exception of a few circles that have recently decided on a different explanation, it is generally accepted in materialistic science that our present solar system originated from a kind of primordial nebula that extended beyond the Neptune limit that is, to the orbit of the outermost planet of our solar system. And there, it is assumed, our sun and the planets moving around it gradually formed through a process of condensation. As I said, a few explainers today have a slightly different view, but they do not yet offer anything significant for us who stand on the ground of a spiritual worldview. So our sun would have formed with the planets revolving around it. In schools, a cute comparison has always been made, and is still made today, to illustrate how an entire planetary system can be created through rotation. You take an oily substance that floats in water and shape it into a sphere. Then you cut a small piece of paper that you can push through the sphere along the equator so that it is divided into two halves. You stick a pin into the top and then put it in water so that it floats. When you rotate this small sphere, you will see how a drop first separates and orbits the larger sphere like an outer body, how a second and third drop separate, and finally a large drop remains in the middle, around which many smaller ones revolve. A miniature planetary system! — people say. Why, they wonder, could our solar system not have been created from that primordial nebula by such a process of separation, if we can now reproduce it in such a miniature solar system?

[ 2 ] This comparison usually seems incredibly plausible to people, and now they understand how Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Earth, Venus, and Mercury once split off from such a primordial nebula. But the whole story, not just the comparison, but the whole view in general, stems from the short-sightedness of all present-day thinking. For the men in question, who are sometimes quite learned and who present this comparison so plausibly, forget one thing: that they themselves are there turning the needle! Now, self-forgetfulness is very good in certain areas of life, but in this case, the experimenter has forgotten the most important thing, without which the drop of oil would not spin at all. At the very least, the scholar who is equipped with such superstition—the Kant-Laplace system is named after this superstition—should have at least a little bit of consistency in his thinking. He should at least assume that at some point in the past, some being placed a giant chair in outer space and set a giant axis in motion. That would be the minimum assumption. But human thinking has gradually become so accustomed to considering only the material that one no longer even notices the contradiction in such a comparison.

[ 3 ] In fact, there is a certain truth in this so-called Kant-Laplace world system, even if this truth behaves differently than the materialistic explanation presents it. There is a certain truth in it because, to the clairvoyant eye, everything that our present solar system contains actually appears to have emerged from such an original nebula. But anyone who is capable of genuine historical research will realize that the merit of Kant and Laplace's hypothesis stems from occult traditions. This was forgotten when the word “occultism” became something to be feared like children fear the bogeyman. But what really happened in the formation of our solar system did not happen without the influence of spiritual beings and powers. Matter does nothing without spiritual beings underlying it.

[ 4 ] It would take us too far afield today to attempt to give a complete explanation of our solar system based on yesterday's discussion. We will leave aside planets such as Saturn, Jupiter, and so on, and consider only what is of primary importance for our human life and human development.

[ 5 ] In fact, there was once such a primordial nebula, and in it, as if dissolved, were all the parts of our solar system. But connected to this primordial nebula, so that they belonged to it, were the beings we got to know in the course of yesterday's consideration. For example, all the beings that had passed through the 24 stages of human evolution were connected with that world nebula, that cosmic nebula. Other beings were also connected with it. They all dwelt in that primordial nebula, which, if one does not think of it in connection with these beings, is a fantastic abstraction. The way the materialistic chemist imagines it, for example, is impossible. It exists only in thought, separated from reality. In reality, it exists in such a way that it is inhabited by a series of spiritual beings. For when that primordial nebula rose to its new visibility, all the beings that once inhabited the old Saturn were connected to it, and they then passed through the various stages of development through the Sun and Moon up to the Earth, where, after a long interval, the Earth's primordial nebula rose, so to speak. And the other beings, whom we first encountered on the Sun, were also connected with this primordial nebula. And these beings, the whole chorus that was within it, that permeated this primordial nebula, are the ones who brought about the movements. For it is the beings who create their own stage.

[ 6 ] For example, there were beings who needed a completely different place to live than humans if they wanted to go through the development that was appropriate for them. The humans who lived on the old moon as the ancestors of the present humans first had only a physical body, an etheric body, and an astral body. With these three members of their being, they emerged from the so-called Pralaya at the beginning of Earth's development, like a plant from a seed. As this whole system was in the beginning, it was unsuitable for the beings who had brought with them the predispositions for today's human beings. If the speed of development that our solar system had in the beginning, when it emerged from the cosmic dawn, had been maintained, human beings would not have been able to develop. It would have been a development as if you were born now and then, in a very short time, were already old men. If the speed of development that was inherent in the sun had been maintained, you would all age rapidly. You would not be able to make that slow passage through the decades as you actually do. After a short time, you would have white hair. No sooner would you have been children than you would already be old men.

[ 7 ] This could not be allowed to happen. There were therefore beings who needed a faster pace. These beings participated only in part of the development, then took the world body that today stands in the sky as the sun, and made this sun their dwelling place. They drew the sun's matter out with their being. For this sun, which today sends its light to us, is just as inhabited by spiritual beings as our earth. With every ray of sunlight that descends, the deeds of those spiritual beings descend to earth who, in the course of the Saturn, Sun, and Moon evolutions, have brought themselves to the point where they can undergo such rapid development as is taking place on the sun today. High, exalted beings are connected with this solar existence at the beginning of our Earth's development, and they split off. And what then remained behind, you must imagine as if you had mixed together the present moon and the present Earth in a large pot, and this mixed Earth and moon initially orbited the sun for a time.

[ 8 ] Thus, before we reach the point we referred to yesterday as the incarnation of the human being, we must first note the separation of the sun from the earth, that is, from the present earth plus the present moon. The beings who are the spiritual guides of earthly events remained on the sun. When they came over from the moon, there were seven such beings. Genesis calls them Elohim, spirits of light. They underwent their development together with the Earth for a while and then withdrew from the Sun so that they could now work on the Earth from the Sun. These Elohim, these spirits of light, were seven in number. Six of them were such that they connected their existence with the actual cosmic sun. One separated himself from them, one whom the Old Testament calls Yahweh. He separated himself and remained connected to the earth for the time being. He guided and directed the earth's development from within, while the others worked from without. This was the case for a while.

[ 9 ] But already from what was indicated yesterday about the old moon, you will understand that the departure of the sun was connected with a condensation of everything that remained as the earth plus the moon. There came a period in the development of the earth when all beings, and not only the substance, underwent a coarsening. The beings who later became human beings, for example, who were still very soft and delicate at that time, underwent a coarsening by taking on hideous instincts. A coarsening of the whole of life took place.

[ 10 ] But development could not remain this way if human beings were to come into being. A coarsening would have occurred, everything would have become denser and denser, and human beings would have frozen into mummies. Human beings would have become mummified, and you would very soon have had a planet on which something like not exactly beautiful, but human-like mummies, like statues, would have accumulated. The Earth would have become mummified. Another event had to occur. Precisely through the government of the cosmic spirit Yahweh, that which you now see as the moon, as this burnt-out moon slag in the sky, was separated from this total mass of Earth plus moon. Not only the coarsest substantial components were separated, but also the coarsest entities. Thus, the departure of the sun had first prevented humans from developing too rapidly, and the departure of the moon now prevented humans from developing toward decay, densification, and mummification.

[ 11 ] Thus, the earth was separated from the whole mass, and now the course of human development is guided over the earth under the influence of these two heavenly bodies, which does not mean, of course, under the influence of the heavenly bodies themselves, but of their essences, the six sun spirits and the moon spirit, which had separated itself for the salvation of humanity. And it is guided in such a way that these two forces essentially keep each other in balance. Through the emergence of both the sun forces and the moon forces, the right pace of human development was achieved.

[ 12 ] Consider, to illustrate this point, that only the sun were effective for human beings. You know that human beings go through many, many incarnations on Earth. They began with their first incarnation on Earth and continue to receive new bodies until they reach their final incarnation. Human beings go through a series of incarnations. Through this process, they develop slowly and ascend from one incarnation to the next. Humans entered the surface of our Earth as true spiritual babies. Since the separation of the sun and moon from our Earth, they have risen to their present level. All these souls will return in other bodies until the end of Earth's development. Now imagine that only the sun were effective for humans. Then humans would have to go through everything they experience in so many incarnations in a single one. The right tempo in the many incarnations is brought about by the external balance of forces between the sun and the moon.

[ 13 ] In the time when the sun and moon stepped out, modern humans gradually began to emerge. The first seeds of modern man are sown. This was at a time when man was by no means walking around on this earth as he does today. You must not believe that when the moon was outside, man walked around on this earth in flesh and blood as he does today. First, all the forms that had existed before reappeared, as if in a repetition. And when the Earth was freed from the sun and the moon, it looked roughly like the old moon, and was even softer. And if an eye organized like today's had looked at the Earth, it would not yet have been able to see human beings. On the other hand, there were certain other beings who were not mature enough to wait for the later time. While the stage of development was still incomplete, they had to evolve, had to take on physical form, so that certain forms of lower animals could already be seen in physical condensation some time after the moon left the earth. Man had not yet descended, not even the higher mammals. Man was still a spirit being, still hovering around the Earth as a spiritual being. From the environment of the Earth, he took on the finest matter. Gradually, man condensed to such an extent that he was able to descend to where the Earth had already become solid and individual islands had formed.

[ 14 ] We see, then, that the first humans appeared relatively late and that they were of a completely different nature than humans today. I cannot describe to you the forms of those humans who, so to speak, first crystallized out of the spiritual realm. Even though you have already had to endure much that is difficult to believe about yourselves, you would be too shocked if I were to describe to you the grotesque appearance of the bodies in which your souls were incarnated. You would not be able to bear such a description. At a later time, however, when these things, which are only now beginning to enter human consciousness through the anthroposophical spiritual stream, increasingly conquer human consciousness, then this will have to be revealed, and it will have an enormous success and an enormous significance for the whole of human life. For only when human beings learn how they developed physically, how the organs that are now present gradually emerged from completely different forms, will they feel the strange relationship between organs in the human body that today seem to be far apart. They will understand the correspondence that exists between certain organs, for example between the appendix and the windpipe, which in their earlier form had grown together in those strange shapes. Everything that man is today is the unrolled past, taken apart in the most varied ways. Organs that are separate today were once fused together, but they have retained their relationship. This relationship is often evident in diseases, where it becomes apparent how the disease of one organ necessarily entails that of another. Those who really study medicine will make all sorts of discoveries that today's medicine, which is just a collection of notes, can't even dream of. That's when medicine will really learn something about true human nature. All this just to show how different the human form used to be.

[ 15 ] Only gradually did the solid parts become integrated into this human form. Originally, even when the human body had already descended, there were no bones. The bones developed from soft, cartilage-like things that ran through the human body like strands, and these in turn had arisen from very soft substances, and these soft substances from liquid ones, these from airy ones, the airy ones from ethereal ones, and the ethereal ones from astral ones, which had condensed from spiritual substance. In the end, everything material sprang from the spiritual. Everything is preformed in the spirit. It was only in the period we have already indicated as the Atlantean period that human beings gradually developed their skeletal system, which had already been predisposed earlier.

[ 16 ] Now we must take a closer look at these Lemurian humans so that we can better understand the writer of the Apocalypse. I need only point out that in the early days, when the moon was away from the earth and humans descended, humans were of a completely different nature in terms of their willpower than they were later. The willpower of humans at that time had a magical effect. Humans could influence the growth of flowers through their will. When humans exerted their will, they could quickly make a flower grow, an ability that today can only be achieved through an abnormal development process. Therefore, at that time, the entire natural environment was dependent on the nature of human will. If it was good, it had a calming effect on the waves of the water, on the storms, and on the fiery formations that prevailed in the surrounding area at that time, for the earth was then largely volcanic in nature. Man had a calming effect on everything through a good will, and a destructive effect through an evil will. Entire islands could be destroyed by evil will. Thus, human will was completely in harmony with its environment. Essentially, the land masses where humans lived at that time were destroyed by the evil will of humans, and only a small portion of the people of that time—here we must again distinguish between racial and soul development—saved themselves into the period that we can describe accurately because we can find words in our language that can reproduce the clairvoyant perception.

[ 17 ] After this catastrophe, we come to the ancient Atlantean era, a time when the human race developed mainly on a continent that now forms the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, between present-day Europe and America. At that time, human beings lived under completely different physical conditions, under completely different circumstances altogether. In the beginning, they were entirely different beings who perceived things very differently from humans today. We have already pointed this out in the first lecture and again later. Today, we would like to point out once more this completely different way of seeing things that people had at that time.

[ 18 ] Human beings still had a kind of ancient clairvoyance because the structure of their limbs was different from today. The etheric body was not yet so closely connected to the physical body. The etheric body of the head extended far out from the physical body. It was not until the last third of the Atlantean epoch that the protruding etheric body receded and took on the form of the physical human head of today. Because these ancient Atlanteans were so completely different in form from modern humans and different in the structure of their limbs, their entire conscious life, their entire soul life, was also different. And here, if we want to understand the apocalyptic writer correctly, we must touch upon a very important but also very mysterious chapter.

[ 19 ] If you were to come to this ancient Atlantis, you would find that it was not surrounded by such pure air as the Earth today, but by air that was saturated with fog and water masses. This air becomes clearer and clearer as Atlantis develops. But the fog is strongest where the aforementioned highly developed Atlantean culture unfolded. That is where the worst fog was, and out of this fog the foundation for later cultures developed. Atlantis was covered far and wide with such fog. There was no such distribution of rain and sunshine as there is today. Therefore, what you know as the rainbow could not develop in ancient Atlantis. You can search the whole of Atlantis and you will hardly find one. Only when the condensation of the water led to flooding, when the flood had passed over the earth, could the rainbow physically come into being. And here you have a moment when spiritual science will inspire you with the highest reverence for religious documents. For when you are told that after the flood, Noah, the representative of those who saved the human race, was the first to see the rainbow, this is truly a historical event. After the flood, humanity saw the first rainbow. Previously, it was physically impossible.

[ 20 ] There you see how profoundly, how literally true the religious documents are. Today, some people are tormented when you say that religious documents are literally true. Some quote a proverb that is true, but which is quoted by the complacent not as a true saying, but out of convenience. It is the saying: The letter kills, but the spirit gives life. From this they derive the justification for no longer looking at what is written in the documents at all, for no longer having to want to recognize what is really written there, because that is the killing letter, they say. And so they let their minds shine, fantasizing all sorts of things. These people may be very witty in their explanations, but that is not what matters. What matters is that we really see what is written in the documents. “The letter kills, but the spirit gives life” has the same meaning in mystical language as Goethe's words:

And as long as you do not have this,
This: Die and become!
You are only a dull guest
On the dark earth.

[ 21 ] This phrase does not mean that if you want to lead someone to higher knowledge, you must kill them — it means that human beings must rise to spirituality precisely through the culture of the physical world. — So too is the letter the body of the spirit, and first one must have it and understand it, then one may say that one can find the spirit out of it. The letter, the understood letter, must then die, so that the spirit may rise from it. That word is not an instruction to fantasize arbitrarily about what is written in religious documents. Precisely when we recognize the true meaning of this rainbow, for example, as we have described it, something enters our soul like a deep reverence for religious documents, and we gain an understanding of how, through this deepening of our perception through the anthroposophical worldview, human beings progress to a true, genuine feeling and a true understanding of the will behind religious documents.

[ 22 ] Now let us look back to ancient Atlantis. We have already said that human beings lived there in a different state of consciousness, that their memory was different from what it is today. But the difference is even more considerable. If we go back far, not just to the end of Atlantis, but to its beginnings, we find that human consciousness was very different from what we have today.

Let us once again bring to mind what is there today. During the day, human beings use their senses. In the evening, they fall asleep. The physical body and the etheric body lie in bed, while the astral body and the I emerge. The sphere of consciousness darkens. Modern man sees nothing, hears nothing. In the morning, when the astral body with the ego submerges into the physical and etheric bodies, physical things reappear. How was it in the first Atlantic epoch? Let us take the moment when, in the morning, man submerged into the physical and etheric bodies. At that time, they did not have a physical world around them as we do today. All the objects you see today with clear boundaries would have appeared to them as if surrounded by an aura, with colored edges, completely blurred, just as you cannot see the lights on the streets clearly in a thick fog in the evening, but instead see such colored edges around the lights of the lanterns. That is how it was in ancient Atlantis. All objects were seen only blurrily, nothing with the boundaries and surfaces of today, everything as if shrouded in misty colors. Only gradually did what are now fixed boundaries emerge. If we had had a rose in front of us in the early days of ancient Atlantis, we would have seen a misty formation rising up, with a pink circle in the middle, and only gradually would the outer colors have spread across the surface. Objects only acquired clear outlines later on.

[ 24 ] So you see, the physical environment is now completely different from what it was in ancient Atlantis. It was also different when you stepped out of your physical body in the evening and, let's say, fell asleep. Actually, it was not falling asleep in the modern sense. However, the whole world of nebulous physical structures remained beneath you, but a spiritual world opened up. Without fixed boundaries, you lived in a spiritual world. The spiritual beings were your co-inhabitants. Thus, day and night alternated with each other in the first Atlantean period. When people submerged themselves in their physical bodies, they had only vague, blurred images of the physical world, but when they left their physical bodies at night, they had the opportunity, albeit somewhat blurred, to live spiritually among spirits, to walk among spirits. And above all, the entire sensory life of human beings was also different in the ancient Atlantean era. If you had, say, stepped out of your physical and etheric bodies, you would not have felt tired or in need of rest. You would not have found rest either; you would have had to enter the spiritual world, which was the sphere of activity. When morning came, however, you felt a need for rest, and you sought out, so to speak, your bed, which was your own body. There you lay quietly. You withdrew into your own body and rested during the day.

In the early days of Atlantis, things were therefore quite different from how they are now. The Atlantean era progresses in such a way that human beings gradually live their way out of completely opposite states into later ones. They live their way over to the extent that their etheric body is increasingly drawn into the physical body. In the last third of the Atlantean era, the etheric body was drawn into the physical body. Before this event, human beings felt themselves to be awake in the spiritual world above. But as such, they did not say “I” to themselves; they did not have self-consciousness. When they left their physical and etheric bodies to enter the brightness of the night, they felt themselves to be members of the spirituality that was above, feeling, as it were, sheltered in their old group soul. Each time it became bright around them in the night, but they felt themselves to be dependent. Just as our fingers belong to our ego, so did human beings feel that they belonged to the group souls that are seen clairvoyantly as described in the four heads of the lion, ox, eagle, and human being in the Apocalypse of John. Human beings felt themselves transported into one of these group souls. And only when he was in his physical shell did he feel that he had something of his own. For the fact that man became an independent being came from his ability to enclose himself in his body. However, he had to pay for this enclosure in his body by the gradual darkening of the spiritual world, which withdrew completely from him. But in return, the world he saw below, when he was in his physical body, became brighter and clearer. With this, it dawned on him more and more that he was an I, that he carried self-consciousness within himself. He learned to say I to himself.

[ 26 ] If we want to characterize what happened at that time, we imagine the human being crawling out of his physical shell, as it were, into the spiritual world. There he is among spiritual-divine beings. There, his name, that which he is, sounds to him from outside. To one group, the word that was the word for that group in the original language sounds, to the other, the word for the other group. Man could not name himself from within; he had to receive his name from outside. When he crawled out of his physical shell in this way, he knew what he was, because it was called into his soul. Now that he was learning to perceive his physical surroundings in his body, he learned to feel himself as an “I,” he learned to feel within himself the divine power that had previously been called to him from outside. He learned to feel God within himself. The one closest to him, this God who at the same time hinted at his I, he called Yahweh, who was the I-conductor. Man first felt the power of this God rising up in his I.

[ 27 ] This was connected with external events. When the ancient Atlantean submerged himself in his physical body in this way, he probably also looked out into the sky, and there he saw, as I have said, not a real rainbow, but something like a circle of color formed where the sun later appeared. The sun did not yet penetrate with its power, but it worked through the mist. Hindered and held back by the mist, it worked its power on the earth. It emerged more and more, so that everything that has been described, this rising of the outer consciousness, was connected with the emergence of the sun from the mist. What was up there, where the six other spirits who, together with Yahweh, were to guide the development of the earth had their dwelling place, gradually emerged and shone down in its deeds upon the earth.

[ 28 ] What had happened to man? Man, in his actual soul, in his spirit, when he had left his body, when it was night, so to speak, had entered into an inner, astral brightness, for which the outer sun is not necessary. This brightness surrounded him. It was the same light from powerful spiritual beings that later shone down physically from the sun. As he became more and more enclosed in his physical consciousness, the gate of inner vision was closed. Darkness surrounded him when he left his physical and etheric bodies at night and entered the spiritual world. To the same extent that he shut himself in, the outer light rose, representing the deeds of the spiritual beings of the sun. The light of the spiritual beings shone down outwardly upon the earth. Man prepared himself to regard the outer light as something material. The light shone into his now darkened inner being, but at first it was not understood by his darkness.

[29] This is a world-historical, cosmic process. In those days, human beings purchased their self-awareness through spiritual darkness. Thus, human beings grew out of the brightness of the group soul. But this was only the very first dawn of individuality. It took a long, long time before individuality truly came to human beings. The last Atlantean period passed; the flood broke in. The post-Atlantean period began, and the ancient Indian culture passed away. Self-awareness had not yet developed. Then came the Persian and Egyptian-Babylonian periods. Human beings gradually matured and developed self-awareness. Finally, the fourth period arrived. Something of tremendous importance took place, for which everything that had happened before was a preparation.

[ 30 ] Imagine yourself lifted up from the earth to a distant star and looking down on the earth with clairvoyant eyes. You would see that this earth, as a physical body, is only a physical body and that it has an etheric body and an astral body, just as human beings do. The Earth also has all of this. You would see the Earth surrounded by its aura, and you would be able to follow the development of the Earth's aura from that star over thousands of years. You would see this Earth enclosed by all kinds of colors: in the middle, the physical core, and around it, the aura flowing in various forms and colors, with the most diverse structures within this spiritual atmosphere of the Earth. You would see these colors and forms change in manifold ways over the course of thousands of years, but a moment would come, a moment of great importance: the entire aura would take on a different form and color. The earth would appear in a new light, at first seen from the outside. And this happens with tremendous speed, so that one must say: From this moment on, a fundamental transformation has taken place with the Earth; the Earth's aura has been completely transformed. — What moment is this? It is the moment when the blood flowed from the wounds of the Redeemer on Golgotha. This moment is a most important one, the most important moment in the entire evolution of the Earth. The moment when the blood flows from the wounds of the Redeemer is the same moment when the aura of the earth is being transformed. A completely new force enters, the force that is the most important impulse for the development of the earth, for which everything we have seen so far was only preparation.

[ 31 ] For the chemist, the blood on Golgotha is the same as any other blood. But this blood is completely different. It means that the matter of the blood flows down to the earth and that the spirit corresponding to the blood fills the earth's aura with new impulses and new forces that have significance for the future development of humanity. From there, the forces that transform the earth radiate out, from there they radiate through human beings. Only a small part of what flowed in at that moment has been fulfilled to this day. More and more, people will learn to understand what the earth became through that moment at Golgotha, what human beings can become in the consciousness they have attained in the manner described since Atlantis.

[ 32 ] What has man achieved since Atlantis? Two things: self-consciousness and the ability to see outside in the external world. What was once open to him, the spiritual world, has closed itself off. Truly, these earlier human beings saw what later myths tell us: Wotan — Mercury, Jupiter — Zeus, they saw all these figures at night. They were in their midst at night. The gate to these spiritual beings has closed. In return, man has conquered the world around him. The spirits have withdrawn from him. Everything he could see at that time has receded. In earlier times, he saw the divine when he slipped out of the shell of his physical body; now he had to see the divine within his body when it appeared before him. This means nothing other than that we must accept the divine in a physical, visible form, because human consciousness had become so oriented toward physical seeing. Therefore, the divine itself had to take on a physical form. That is why the divine appeared once in the course of time in a physical body. It had to appear in this way because human beings had advanced to this stage of perception. It had to be given to their perception in this way so that they could understand it. And all the phenomena that had previously occurred for other stages of development had to come together in that greatest event of Earth's development, which will shed light on all the future that we will now reveal from the Apocalypse: in that event which physically appeared as drops of blood streaming down to the earth; which, when perceived clairvoyantly, rises as something that changes the aura of the earth. The power that flowed in there will continue to work together with the earth into all future times. With this, something new was implanted into the soul of the earth, into the spirit of the whole earth. What the Christ principle is became connected with the earth at that time, and the earth became the body of this Christ principle, so that it is literally true: “He who eats my bread treads upon me.” When man eats the bread of the earth, he eats the body of the earth, and that is the body of the earth spirit, which has been connected with the earth since that event on Golgotha as the Christ spirit. And man walks around on this earthly body, and that is the body of the earth spirit, which has been connected with the earth since that event on Golgotha as the Christ spirit. body of the earth, and that is the body of the earth spirit, which since that event on Golgotha has been connected with the earth as the Christ spirit. And man walks around on this earthly body, he tramples on this body. Everything is to be understood literally, if we first enable ourselves to understand the wording in its true sense.

[ 33 ] For someone like the writer of the Gospel of John, everything he knew, everything he could grasp through clairvoyant vision, became a call to understand the greatest event in the evolution of the earth. What he could learn clairvoyantly, he said to himself: I must use it to understand the form of Christ and its effect. — To use all secret science to explain the event of Golgotha was the tendency of the one who wrote the Apocalypse. He wanted to see nothing else in what he was able to learn in the secret science than a serving wisdom to understand this event, which he has placed before our souls in such a magnificent way and of which we shall see what it has become for him.