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Ancient Myths, Their Meaning and Connection with Evolution
GA 180

13 January 1918, Dornach

Lecture VII

We have seen that we approach certain riddles of the universe I and of mankind when we begin to observe man himself, seeing in his two-fold form something of the solution of the world-riddle. In meditating over all these things one can gain great help by thinking more deeply of the formula: The world as totality is a riddle, and man himself, again as totality, is its solution. We must not expect, however, to solve the world-riddle in a moment; human life itself in its completeness, what we experience between birth and death and again between death and a new birth—that is actually the solution of the world-riddle. So this is a very serviceable formula: The world is a riddle and Man is its solution.

We have seen that when we regard man's external physical form, we can distinguish in it the head-part and the remaining part. We can consider the head-part in its spherical form as an image of the whole cosmos, not only as a comparison but as an actuality. We can truly say that the whole starry heaven is at work to bring about the form, the shaping, the inner forces of the human head. Of course, it is also true—speaking lightly—that everyone has his own head. Man certainly has that. For as you know, the configuration of the starry heaven always differs, according to the special spot on earth and the special time at which one observes the stars. So that by taking the starry heavens, not in general, but in their configuration at the place and at the time in which the person is born, this must result in each person's having his special head according to the position of the stars in the heavens. Let us keep in mind that it is not the star-heaven in general that builds up our head, but its special configuration. And from the various studies we have pursued we can realize that a considerable part of man's task between death and rebirth consists in his becoming familiar with the mysteries, the spiritual secrets of the stars. One can even say in a certain sense, that the head is not merely given us quite passively but that we make it ourselves. Between death and a new birth we come to know all the laws that prevail in wide cosmic spaces. In fact, when we think of it spiritually, the wide universe is our home between death and a new birth. And just as here on the earth we learn to know the laws by which houses and other things are constructed, so in the time between death and rebirth we become familiar with the laws of the cosmos. And we ourselves take part in working in the cosmos. And from the cosmos, together with the purely spiritual beings who dwell there, we work chiefly upon the head. So that when the human head appears here in the physical world, it is only apparently determined by mere heredity from one's ancestors. I have said repeatedly that everyone acknowledges that the magnetic needle does not turn by itself to the North and the other pole to the South, but that cosmic forces are at work, namely, that the earth is working there. In the case of the magnet, people own that the universe plays a part, it is only when one comes to the origin of a living being that they are not yet willing to see that the whole universe participates in it. In the case of man, it is with the formation of his head that the whole universe is concerned. The head has not merely come about through heredity, from father, mother, grandparents, etc. but forces from the whole universe are at work within it. It is principally from man's limbs and members that the configuration of cosmic forces acts upon what is in his head. On the other hand, we actually receive the rest of our organism, in so far as it is physical, through a kind of hereditary transmission from the generations of ancestors.

Modern natural science, my dear friends, is moreover very close to the discovery of this from its own standpoint. In fact the natural science of today only struggles against those parts of the truth that are suggestive of Spiritual Science. Natural science is very near at many points to a meeting with spiritual science. I said in other lectures and have indicated the same thing here, that natural science is very near to a discovery of something that has met with opposition even in spiritual science. People who read my Theosophy often find themselves repelled by the chapter where I speak of the human aura and how man's forces of soul and spirit are expressed for clairvoyance in a colour aura that sparkles round him. Now Professor Moritz Benedict, whom I have often mentioned in other connections, has recently made experiments in Vienna with persons who have a gift for using the divining-rod. Professor Benedict did not make clairvoyant experiments; as he is very unwilling to acknowledge clairvoyance, but he made experiments in a dark chamber with those gifted for using the divining-rod, which has played such a great role in this war. You probably know that it has played a very special role in this war. Since water was needed for the soldiers, persons able to use the divining-rod were posted to various army-groups in order to discover springs of water for the men. This went on very largely in the southern areas of the fighting. Driven by necessity, of course, one had to do such things. Now in the camera obscura and with the method of natural science Professor Benedict has examined people who can find water or metals under the earth by means of the divining-rod. In the case of a woman who was quite small, he discovered that she showed under treatment in the camera obscura, an immense aura, so that she looked like a giant. He could even describe the right side as bluish, the left side as yellowish-red. This can all be read today as scientific findings, since Professor Benedict has published the whole matter in his book on the divining-rod. What has been observed by Professor Benedict through these methods is the aura, as I have mentioned on earlier occasions. It is not the aura of which we speak; we mean much more spiritual elements in man than this lowest, almost physical aura which Professor Benedict is able to find by natural means in the camera obscura. Still there is a connection. Precisely that part of my book Theosophy which has met with the most opposition and abuse, has thus shown its point of contact with ordinary science. Things will move quickly, and it will be the same with regard to what I have just touched upon. At no distant time, and purely from researches of natural science it will be possible to establish that what a man bears within him as inherited from ancestors is not the form of the head nor its inner forces, and that the head in fact is produced by forces of the cosmos. We should never be nationalistic, my dear friends, if we were to follow our head alone. The head is not in the least adapted to be nationalistic, for it is derived from the heavens, and the heavens are not nationalistic. All the dividing of men into groups that finds a place in our thoughts does not come from the head; it comes from that element through which we are connected with the hereditary stream of humanity. This of course plays into the head when man is living here between birth and death, for the rest of the organism continuously exchanges its nerve-forces and blood-forces with the head.

When we speak of heredity, however, and that the part of man which excludes the head received its forces from ancestors, we must only refer to the physical, for as regards the spiritual part of the remaining organism, it is another matter. And therefore it is very important for us now to consider a fact which can only be brought to light through spiritual science. Thus natural science will discover, as it has discovered the aura, the fact that the head is only influenced through heredity by being added to the rest of the organism. That man is only related to his ancestors in respect of the rest of the organism—this will be discovered even by natural science. But we touch upon another field which natural science cannot of course enter forthwith. Inasmuch as we are born we bear in our head the forces of the universe; they shape our head. A little, to be sure, can be outwardly substantiated. One who observes children in their development will perhaps know that in the very early days it can often be asked—whom does the child really resemble? And the likeness often only comes out strongly in later childhood—some at least of you will have already noticed that. It rests on the fact that the head is mainly neutral as regards earthly conditions; the rest of the organism must first affect the head (it can do so of course even in the embryonic stage) and then the features and so on can show a likeness to the ancestors. If one has a feeling for such things, one can see for oneself externally the truth that lies in this domain.

But the matter goes deeper. Between the spiritual universe—for the universe is filled with spirit and spirit-beings—and the earth on which we dwell there is an intermediary which is never at rest. A fine substance, which cannot be produced in the chemical laboratory since it does not belong to the chemical elements, streams in continuously on to the earth out of the wide universe. If one wants to draw it schematically, one can say: if the earth is here in universal space (see diagram), from all sides universal matter continuously streams in upon the earth, a fine universal substance (arrows inwards), and this fine substance penetrates a little below the earth's surface. So that this continually takes place—substances from the whole of cosmic space sink down towards the earth. It is not physical substance, not a chemical element, but actually spiritual, auric substance that sinks down below the surface of the earth. When we come down to earth from the spiritual world, to find a place in a human body, we use the forces that lie in this substance.

Now it is significant that this substance which streams into the earth and again streams out, is made use of by man when he

Forces streaming in and out of maa.

dies. He finds in the out-streaming substance, forces which take him into the spiritual world. This substance, which I have shown coming inwards towards the earth, enters the surface to a certain depth and then streams away again (arrows pointing outwards). So that one can continually perceive a sort of inbreathing of ether or auric substance into the earth, and again an out-breathing.

This is an observation which is not so very easy to make. But if it has once been made, if one has once realized that the earth actually inhales and exhales spiritual substance continuously, then one knows how to apply it to all circumstances and, above all, to human life in the way I have just described. Thus we come into our bodily nature with what I have indicated as inwardly directed arrows, and with those pointing outwards, we pass out again in death.

In this case I will relate how I came upon this fact years ago. The forces that play here, the in-streaming and out-streaming forces, are not solely concerned with human life, but with every possible kind of earthly condition. Now a special problem for me was how matters stood with the cockchafers—yes, cockchafers. Cockchafers are in fact extraordinarily interesting because, as you probably know, when there are a great many cockchafers in a year then in three to five years there are very many grubs—(their larvae). These grubs affect the potato crop very seriously, one gets very bad crops if there are many grubs. And a man who has anything to do with potato culture knows that there will be a bad crop three to five years after a year in which there are great numbers of cockchafers. Now I had looked on that as an interesting fact, and then I discovered that the life of the cockchafer is connected with the in-streaming substance and the life of the grubs with the out-streaming substance. I will only stress this as a matter by which you can see how one comes upon such things from quite a different side. One comes to such things with the most certainty when one does not observe them on the direct object but on a relatively indifferent object, to which one can most easily maintain a neutral attitude. You see, however, from this that the substances of which I have spoken, penetrate under the earth and remain there for a time. The substance that in a certain year streams in, only streams out again after several years. This is also connected with the fact that the out-streaming substance is on the whole heavier than the instreaming substance. This latter is more active, streams in quicker, the out-streaming substance is heavier and streams out more slowly.

When one makes intensive observation of human life one can see how man makes use of the forces in the instreaming substance when he comes out of the universe to birth. Then in later years he loses connection with them. You will realize from what has been said that it is the head which is chiefly concerned with this instreaming substance. But the human head is a hard globe. It is indeed a hard globe, and among all the organs it is the most ossified. And thus, relatively early—not in childhood, but relatively early—it loses connection with the instreaming forces. Hence its formation and development are finished early. Man continues in his childhood his union with these instreaming forces and then they cease to influence him, at least this is so in our time-cycle. It was not always so on earth—I will speak of this presently—but it is so in our time. Now while man lives here on earth, the rest of his organism, apart from the head, takes possession of the out-streaming substances and their forces. This remaining organism imbues itself with them, and it is these forces which can rejuvenate the organism from without, as I indicated yesterday. They are the rejuvenating forces which act upon the etheric body, and which, while we are growing old physically, make it more and more chubby-faced. Thus the human being, as etheric man becomes chubby. In this process undergone by the etheric body that is connected with the remaining organism there work the forces streaming out of the earth. And it is these too which we use when we go through the portal of death to return to the cosmos, to the spiritual world.

The earth, as you see, has a share in our life, is inwardly interested in it. And something is connected with what I have now said that can very easily be brought into a formula, into an essentially important formula. For a long time we live as souls between death and rebirth before we enter physical life through birth, and again we live as souls when we have passed through the gate of death, even up to our next incarnation. The dead live a spiritual life, and this life is connected with the stars as here on earth we are connected with physical matter. Since our head has been formed and shaped by the forces which we have lived through between death and a new birth, since we build up our head, as it were, out of cosmic forces, our own real being of soul and spirit fairly early finds its spiritual grave in our head. We possess the head-forces that we have here on earth because our head is actually the grave of our soul-life as we led it before birth, or before conception. Our head is the grave of our spiritual existence. But inasmuch as we have come down to the earth, the rest of our organism is adapted to make us resurrect, for it takes up the forces which stream from the earth into universal space, in order to form its spiritual element. And whilst our physical organism falls away from us, our spiritual part with our forces that stream out from the earth passes through cosmic space into spirit existence.

This is the wonderful polarity that prevails in the universe in regard to man. We become physical out of the spirit, burying our spirit nature in the head, in the head is the end of our spiritual existence before birth. Here upon earth it is reversed. We leave the physical behind; the physical goes to pieces gradually during our life and the spiritual arises. We can say therefore: Birth denotes the resurrection of the physical, the spiritual being changed into the physical; death denotes the birth of the spiritual, the physical being given over to the earth, just as the spiritual is given over to the universe through our birth. We give our spiritual element to the universe by reason of our being born, and by reason of our dying we give over to the universe our physical element. By giving our spiritual part to the universe through our birth, we are physical human beings. By giving our physical part to the earth through death we are spiritual human beings in the period between death and a new birth. That is the polarity.1See: ‘Prayers for mothers and children’—and ‘Earthly Death & Cosmic Life’. And our life here consists in developing our spirit organism. But we can only develop it in the right way for our present earthly cycle when what I said yesterday is taken into consideration. That is to say, when one reaches the point where both members of human nature enter into a real correspondence, when head-life and heart-life enter into correspondence with one another, and the shorter head-life really lives itself into the whole man. Thus the whole man can then be rejuvenated during the lifetime to be lived through, when in fact the head has long since lost its mobility, its power of inner development.

It will be the special task of a future educational science to make anthroposophical spiritual science so fruitful that the human being comes to feel how he is built up out of the cosmos, how he actually ‘shells himself’ from the cosmos and how he gives back to the cosmos what he has won for himself upon earth. This education must be given through all sorts of narratives, all sorts of things which are adapted moreover to youth—but so adapted that one can keep one's interest in them through every age of life. I only beg of you, my dear friends—I will not say to think-through something, for that is not of much use—to feel-through, thoroughly to feel-through something. Here too, you see, is a point where modern natural science is already concerning itself with what can be investigated through spiritual science. I have mentioned how intelligent geologists have expressed their view that the earth is already in a dying-out condition. The earth has overstepped the point where as earth-being she was actually in the middle of her life. In the excellent book by Eduard Suess, The Countenance of the Earth, you can read how the purely materialistic geologist Suess states that when one walks over fields today and looks at the clods of earth, one has to do with something dying out that once was different. It is dying out. The earth is dying. We know this from Spiritual-Science, since we know that the Earth will be transformed into another planetary existence which we call the Jupiter existence. Thus the earth as such is dying away. But man, that is the human-race as sum of spiritual beings, does not die with the earth; humanity lives beyond the earth, as it lived before the earth was Earth, in the way I have described in my Occult Science. And so one can permeate oneself—not in thought as I said, but in feeling and experience—with the conception: ‘I stand here on this earthly soil, but this ground on which I stand, in which I shall find my grave, has but a transitory appearance in the cosmos.’ How then does a next earth, a new planet, arise out of this earth, on which the humanity of the future can dwell? Through what does it arise? It arises through the fact that we ourselves carry piece by piece what is to form this new planetary existence. We human beings—the animal kingdom is also to some extent involved—inasmuch as we always carry within us something belonging to the next life, are already here during our physical life preparing the next planet that will follow the earth's existence. In the forces that go back again lies what is to be the future of the earth. We do not live merely in the present, we live in the future of the earth, but we have to keep returning into incarnation since we have many things still to fulfil on earth as long as earth exists. But we are involved in the future life of the earth. We have said that the earth breathes spirit-substance in and out. In the in-breathed substance we carry the past and the laws of the past, the forces of the past. In what is breathed out, given back again by the earth we bear in us what belongs to the future. In the human race itself rests the future of the earth's existence.

Think of all this made really fruitful with feeling and warmth, instead of all the stupid things that are imparted to the young nowadays: think of this made alive in hundreds and hundreds of vivid narrations and parables and brought to youth! Then think what a feeling towards the universe would be aroused—what there is to do! What there is to be done if our civilization is to go forwards—what there is to do concretely! This is very important to consider. And it can be considered all the more since it is connected with what I have called the rejuvenation of man. That present-day humanity has come to such calamities is connected with the fact that it has lost the secret of changing head-life into heart-life. We have hardly any real heart-life. What people generally speak of is the life of instincts and desires, merely that, not the spiritual element of which we have spoken. Today men let what streams out into the universe just peacefully stream out, and they do not bother themselves about it. They pay no attention to it.

Some individuals instinctively take it into account. I have recently given an example of how individuals take it into account, in which case however they differ very much from others. I have related the difference between Zeller and Michelet, the two Berlin Professors. I have said that I spoke with Eduard von Hartmann about the two men, just when Zeller had obtained his pension, since at seventy-two he no longer felt able to hold his lectures at the University. But Michelet was ninety-three years old. And Hartmann related how Michelet had just been there and had said to him ‘I don't understand Zeller, who is only seventy-two years old saying he cannot go on lecturing. I am ready to lecture for another ten years!’ And with that he skipped about the room and rejoiced over what he would lecture upon next year and could not imagine how that lad Zeller, the seventy-two-year-old Zeller, put in a claim to be pensioned off—no more to address the students!

This keeping young is connected with a proper mutual action taking place between head and heart. This can of course happen in the case of single individuals, but on the whole it can only occur rightly even in single individuals, when it passes over into our civilization, when our whole cultural life becomes imbued with the principle that it should not have mere head-life but heart-life as well. But you see, to acquire heart-life needs more patience. In spite of the fact that it is more fruitful, more youth-giving to life, yet for heart-life more patience is required than for head-life. Head-life ... well, you see, one sits down and crams. When we are young we prefer to stick to our cramming in spite of all the talk of the pedagogues. For, my dear friends, certain customs have remained from earlier times, when things were still known atavistically, but people no longer attach a right meaning to such customs. I will remind you of one.

Everything that has been preserved from relatively not very early times, before materialism had become general, has a deeper meaning. In recent decades the habit has already been lost, but when I was young—it is some time since—there was an arrangement in the Grammar School—in the Lower School in the second Class—to have Ancient History, and then in the fifth Class one had Ancient History again. Those who planned such regulations at that time no longer knew why it was so, and the teachers who dealt with these matters did not act as if they were aware of the reason. For anyone who had been aware of it, would have said to himself. ‘When I give history to a boy in the second Class, he crams it, but what he takes in needs a few years for it to become at home in his organism. Therefore it is a good thing to give the same again in the fifth Class, for only then does the knowledge that entered this poor head three or four years ago, bear its good fruits.’ The whole structure of the old grammar school was really built up on these things. The monastic schools of the Middle Ages had still many traditions derived from ancient wisdom, a wisdom that is not ours, but one that—preserved atavistically from olden times—arranged such things logically.

In fact it needs the principle of patience if life of the head is to pass over into life of the heart. For the head-life quickly unites with us, the heart-life goes more slowly, it is less active—so that we must wait. And today people want to understand everything all at once. Just imagine if a modern man had the idea of learning something and then had to wait a few years in order fully to understand it. Such a principle is scarcely to be associated with the frame of mind of modern men. The feelings of modern men lie along very different lines.

One can find examples of this and it is well to point them out. Two plays have lately been produced in Zurich by people connected with The Anthroposophical Society, in fact it has been widely pointed out that the two people are connected with the building in Dornach, with Spiritual Science and so on. In this case, to be quite just, it must be owned that these two Zurich performances by Pulver and Reinhart have really been very well received in Switzerland. But one can find remarkable things in the correspondence that has gone out from Switzerland. The foreign correspondents have shown themselves, well, less interested, shall we say, than in this case the Swiss audience themselves. Thus I have had a newspaper given me in which these two Swiss first performances by Pulver and Reinhart were discussed, where the correspondent cannot forego pointing out that the two authors are connected with our Movement and have drawn a good deal from it. Today people are not only afraid of the wrong teaching of the Gnosis, as I related yesterday, but they are afraid of anything concerning the life of spirit. If something about world-conception creeps into anything—Oh, that is dreadful! And this actually rests on the fact that there is no feeling for this relation of head-life and heart-life. All life to be found in mankind today outside the head is purely life of instinct and desire; it is not spiritual. And so the life of instinct and desire is irritated with the mere head-life. Head-life is very spiritual, very intellectual today, but more and more will it become—can one say—‘un-purified’ by the instinct and desire life. Hence thoughts come forth in a very curious way. And this correspondent of whom I speak—you can perhaps best judge of the confusion of his head through his instincts if I read you a characteristic sentence showing his fear that questions concerning world-conception play into these plays of the two authors. Just think, the man goes as far as writing the following:

‘But Pulver's belief in Christ ought to grow out of depths of sorrow and doubt if from the stage he wished to win disciples. The star flower plucked by Reinhart's seeker after Paradise at his studio window in the very first scene ought to bloom only at the end and from a bleeding heart.’

And now comes the sentence which I mean:

‘Both poets had their world conception already complete in their head as they began to write; it would have been better for the dramas if they had had to wrestle for their religion as they wrote.’

Now just think of that: nowadays one manages to make it a serious fault for anyone with a world conception to write! One is supposed to sit down as a perfect fool in face of the world to scribble away, and then in the scribbling, at the end, a world-conception is supposed to spring forth. Then the thing is produced at the theatre, and this is supposed to please the audience! Just imagine such stupid nonsense being actually spread abroad in the world today; and many people do not notice that such rubbish is being circulated.

Such things simply depend on the fact that the life of the head is not worked on by the whole man. For of course the journalist who wrote that was a very ‘clever man’. That should not be disputed.

He is very clever. But it is of no possible use to be clever, if the cleverness is mere head-life. That is the important thing to keep in mind; that is extraordinarily important.

Here we touch upon something fundamental, very necessary to our present civilization. One can make such observations in fact at every turn. Logical slips are not made today because people have no logic, but because it is not enough to have logic. One can be wonderfully logical, pass examinations splendidly, be a brilliant University Professor of National Economy, or any other subject, and in spite of being so clever and having any amount of logic in one's head, one can nevertheless go off the rails again and again. One can accomplish nothing connected with real life, if one has not the patience to lead over into the whole man what is grasped by the head, when one has not patience to call on the rejuvenating forces in human nature. That is the point in question. Anyone having to do with true science, such as spiritual science, knows that he would be ashamed to give a lecture tomorrow on what he had found out or learnt today—because he knows that that would be absolutely valueless. It would only have value years afterwards. The conscientious spiritual investigator cannot lecture by giving out what he has only recently learnt; but he must keep the things continually present in his soul so that they may ripen. If he brings forward what he has only just acquired he must at least make special reference to the fact, so that his audience may make note of it. One will only be really able to see what the present time needs if one bears in mind these demands on human nature. For what is necessary for the present age does not lie where today it is mostly sought; it lies in finer structures that nevertheless are everywhere spread abroad. One really need not touch on politics in calling attention to the following:

There are numbers of people today—more than is good for the world at any rate—who are of opinion that this war must continue as long as possible so that, from it, general peace may arise. If one ends it too quickly, one does peace no service. In the last few days—in what I say now I am passing no judgment on the value or lack of value of the so-called peace negotiations between the Central Powers and Russia, but it has been interesting all the same in the last few days to see what a curious sort of logic it is possible to work out. I have been given an article that is really extraordinarily interesting in this sense. The gentleman in question (his name is of no consequence here) argues against a so-called separate peace because he considers that through it universal peace would not be furthered. A direct way of thinking—but one perhaps that has gone a little deeper—might rather say to itself ‘Well, we may make a certain amount of progress if at least in one spot on earth we leave off mowing each other down’. That would perhaps be a straightforward, direct mode of thinking. But a thinking that is not so direct might be thus expressed: ‘No, one really dare not leave off in one place, for in that way “universal peace” would not be promoted.’ And now the gentleman in question gives interesting explanations—that is, explanations interesting to himself—as to how people quarrel over words. It is his opinion that those people who say ‘One must be enthusiastic about any peace, even if it is only a separate peace’, are only hypnotized by words. But one must not be dependent on words; one must go to the core of the matter, and the matter is just this—that a separate peace is harmful to the general peace of the world. Among the various arguments that the gentleman adduces is one of the following sentence, an interesting sentence, a most characteristic one for the present day—where is one to begin, not to reduce matters too much to the personal?—Well—‘Whoever is honest must admit that this is the motive of many’ (not all!) ‘among us who so delight in a “separate peace” and in Lenin and Trotsky’, (he means that enthusiasm for the word ‘peace’ is the motive) ‘while at the same time they shout tirelessly against anti-militarists and show little appreciation for our Lenins and Trotskys’. (He is speaking of Switzerland.)

‘We, however, who are not dupes of any word, but want to get at the matter itself, we do not want simply German peace, but peace, we want general peace. For us the word “separate” is a contradiction to the word “peace”.’

(If one goes into it seriously, one must carefully distinguish between peace and peace! Moreover the article is headed ‘Peace and Peace’.)

... ‘We too who do not want German peace, but peace, we want general peace. For us the word “separate” stands in contradiction to the word “peace”.’

Thus the gentleman who inveighs throughout the whole article against the worship of a word, then writes the following:

‘... For us the word “separate” stands in contradiction to the word “peace”. Separation is the principle of strife, not the principle of peace. After this World-War we need a World-Peace in which all nations come at the same time to a great mutual agreement. What we see in Brest-Litowsk, this game of a select circle of diplomats, imbued with all the subtleties of diplomacy, with the naiveté, the idealism, (also the dogmatism) of the representatives of a new order, is a spectacle that can please no one who wishes the ideal to remain pure. It is to be feared that we may get a Devil's peace, which will only produce more frightful war, instead of God's peace which finally leads to an end to all war.’

Well, my dear friends, this is certainly logic, for the article is written with ingenuity; it is brilliantly ingenious. This article ‘Peace and Peace’ is even boldly and courageously written in face of the prejudice of countless people, but its logic is devoid of any connection with reality. For the connection with reality is only found through that of which we have spoken, through the maturing of knowledge; what the head can experience must be reflected upon in the rest of man and this must mature. It may be said that what the very clever men of today lack most of all is this becoming ripe. It is something that is connected with the deepest needs and deepest impulses of the present. You see, the present day has no inclination at all to go in for the study of these things. Naturally I do not mean that every single person can go in for such study, but men whose métier is study, ought to occupy themselves with such things, and then that would pass over into the common consciousness of mankind. For do we not find that journalists—with all respect be it spoken—write what they find accepted as general opinion.

If instead of Wilsonianism or some such thing, Mohammedanism were to be represented as the accepted common opinion, European journalists would write away about something Mohammedan. And if spiritual science had already grown into a habit in human souls, then the same journalists who today grumble at Spiritual Science would, of course, write very finely in the sense of Spiritual Science. But nowadays there is a disinclination to go into such things among the very people whose task it should be.

You see, as man stands here on the earth, he is really connected with the whole cosmos. And I have said before that what holds good today on earth has naturally not always held good. That we may be informed at least about the most important things, we shall speak now principally of the period of time since the great Atlantean deluge, the Flood. Geology calls it the Ice Age. We know that changes took place in mankind at that time, but there was a humanity upon earth even before this, although in a different form. (You can read in Occult Science how mankind lived then.) The Atlantean evolution preceded the present evolution. In that part of the earth, for instance, where the Atlantic Ocean is today—as we have often said—there was land. A great part of present-day Europe was then under the sea—conditions on earth were quite different during the age of this Atlantean humanity. The ancient Atlantean civilization went down. The Post-Atlantean has taken its place. But the Atlantean followed the so-called Lemurian civilization, which again had several epochs. Thus we can say that we are in the post-Atlantean civilization in the fifth epoch, following the first, second, third and fourth epochs. Before this was the Atlantean civilization with its seven epochs (see diagram), before this again was the Lemurian civilization with its seven epochs. Let us turn our attention to the seventh epoch of the Lemurian civilization. It lies approximately 25,900 years before our epoch. It was about 25,000-26,000 years ago that this seventh epoch of the Lemurian age came to an end on earth. However remarkable it may sound, there is a certain resemblance between this seventh Lemurian epoch and our own epoch. Similarities are as we know always to be found between successive periods, similarities of the most diverse kinds. We have found a close similarity between our age and the Egypto-Chaldean. We will now speak of one which is more distant; there is also externally, cosmically, a resemblance. You know that our epoch which begins in about the 15th century of the Christian era is connected with the cosmos through the fact that since that time the sun has its Vernal Point in Pisces, in the constellation of Pisces, the Fishes. The sun had previously been for 2,160 years in the constellation of Aries, the Ram, at the Vernal Equinox. Here in this seventh Lemurian epoch (left) there were similar conditions. Twelve epochs ago the sun was in the same position. So that towards the end of the Lemurian age there were conditions similar to ours.

Timeline of Epochs

This similarity contains, however, an important difference. You see, what we acquire today of inner force of spirit and head-experience, as we have described it in these studies, was also experienced by the Lemurian human being of that time, though in a different manner. The Lemurian man was constituted in quite a different way from the man of today, as you may read in my Occult Science. What could enter into him out of the universe, really entered right in. So that the Lemurian man received practically the same wisdom as the man of today gains I through his head, but it streamed into him out of the universe, I and only in this sense was it different. His head was still open, his head was still susceptible to the conditions of the cosmos. Hence powers of clairvoyance existed in ancient times. Man did not explain things to himself logically, he did not learn them, but he beheld them, since they entered his head out of the cosmos, whereas today they can do so no longer. For what comes in ceases in relatively early youth. As I have said, the head no longer stands in such intimate relation to the cosmos. That is so in the present epoch, at that time it was not so; at that time the head of man still stood in much more inward relation to the universe; at that time the human being still received world-wisdom. This did not lack that logic which is nevertheless lacking in what man gains for himself today. That original wisdom was an actually inspired wisdom, one that came to man from without, arising from divine worlds. Present-day man is unwilling to consider this; for modern man believes (forgive me if again I express myself somewhat drastically) that ever since he has been on earth he has had a skull as hard as it is today. This, however, is not true. The human head has only closed in relatively recent times. In ancient times it was responsive to cosmic in-streamings. Only an atavistic remainder is still there. Everyone knows that when he observes a child's head (a really young child's head) there is still one place that is soft. This is the last relic of that openness to the cosmos, where in ancient times cosmic forces worked in a certain way into the head and gave man cosmic wisdom. Man at that time still had no need of that correspondence with the heart, for he had a small heart in the head that has become shriveled and rudimentary today. Thus does the human being change. But conditions alter over the earth and man must grasp this and change too—adapt himself to other conditions. We should have been perpetually tied to the apron-strings of the cosmos, if our head had not ossified. We are shut off in this way from the cosmos and can develop an independent ego within us. It is important that we bear this in mind. We can develop an independent ego by reason of having acquired physically this hard skull. And we may ask when mankind actually lost the last remnant of the memories, the living memories of the ancient archetypal wisdom? This remnant really only faded away in the epoch that preceded ours, the fourth post-Atlantean epoch, during the Greco-Roman civilization. Human beings had then, of course, long since possessed closed skulls, but in the Mysteries there still existed original wisdom preserved from quite ancient times, from the epoch that preceded the Lemurian Pisces-age, from the Lemurian Aries-age.

As much as man could have of his ego in the Lemurian times was also revealed to him from the cosmos; his inmost soul-force was manifested to him from the cosmos. This came to an end in the fourth post-Atlantean epoch, the Greco-Latin time. The heavens closed their last door to man. But instead they sent down their greatest Messenger precisely at that time, so that man can find on earth what he formerly received from heaven—the CHRIST. The Mystery of Golgotha is indeed a cosmic fact, inasmuch as there would have ceased for man what had been revealed to him from the heavens, cosmically revealed, from Lemurian times. Then there appears the Impulse which can reveal it to him from the earth. Only man must gradually develop what has been revealed to him from the earth in the Christ Impulse, and develop it, precisely by that process of rejuvenation of which we have been speaking.

Now, it is a result of this human development that we bear something within us today that is—so to speak—quite wonderful. I have already mentioned in yesterday's lecture that the knowledge of our time is the most spiritual it is possible to have; man however does not remark it because he does not let it mature. What can be known today about nature is far more spiritual than what was formerly known. What man formerly knew brought down certain realities out of the cosmos. In the stars, as I mentioned yesterday, the Scholastics of the Middle Ages still saw angelic Intelligences. Modern Astronomy does not of course see any angelic Intelligences, but something that one can calculate by mathematics or mechanics. But what was formerly seen has been thoroughly passed through a sieve; it is there, but sifted to the last vestige of spirituality. It belonged to the quite lovable genius of Novalis to see rightly in this point. In the Aphorisms of Novalis you find the beautiful expression—I have often quoted it—‘Mathematics is in truth a great poem’. But in order to see how mathematics, by which one also calculates the worlds of the stars and their courses, is a great poem, one must be oneself a poet, not as the modern natural scientists are perhaps, but such a poet as Novalis. Then one stands in wonder before the poetry of mathematics. For mathematics is phantasy. Mathematics is nothing observed through the senses, it is phantasy. It is, however, the final product of phantasy that has still a connection with the immediate external reality. Mathematics in fact is Maya thoroughly passed through a sieve. And if one learns to know it, not merely in the schoolmaster sense that prevails in the world today, but learns to know mathematics in its substance, learns to know it in what it can reveal, then one learns indeed to know something in it that has as much reality as an image that we see of ourselves in a mirror, but which nevertheless tells us something, in certain circumstances tells us a good deal. But to be sure, if one considers the mirror image as a final reality, one is a fool. And if one even begins to want to hold conversation with the reflection because one confuses it with reality, one is not really looking for reality at the right spot. Just as little can reality be found in the mathematical calculations in Astronomy. But the reality is certainly there. As a mirror reflection is not there without the reality, so the whole spiritual existence, that is calculated purely mathematically, is there; it is only passed completely through a sieve, and must force its way back to reality.

Precisely because our age has become so abstract, has been formed so purely by the head, it has such an immense spiritual content. And there is actually nothing that is so purely spiritual as our present science; it is only that men do not know nor value this. At any rate it is almost ridiculous to be materialistic with modern science! For it is a funny way of going through life if one takes modern science materialistically, and yet almost all learned men do take it thus. If one asserts, with the ideas that modern science can develop, that there is only a material existence, it is actually comic; for if there were only a material existence, one could never assert that there was a material existence. Merely by making the statement ‘there is a material existence’—this action of the soul is in fact the finest spiritual element possible, it is a proof in itself that there is not solely a material existence. For no person could assert that there was a material existence if there were only a material existence. One can assert all sorts of other things, but one can never assert that there is a material existence, if one only accepts a material existence. By asserting that there is only a material existence one actually proves that one is talking nonsense. For if it were true what one asserts, if there were only a material existence, nothing could ever arise from this material existence which became somewhere or other in a person the asserting—which is a purely spiritual process—‘There is a material existence’.

You see from this that nowhere has such a logical proof been put forward that the world is of the spirit, as by the science of our time which does not believe in it—that is to say, does not believe in itself—and by our whole age, which does not believe in itself. Only because mankind has spiritualized itself increasingly from epoch to epoch and has arrived at having such sharply refined concepts as we have today, only because of this has mankind reached the point of now seeing solely the quite ‘sieved’ concepts and can of its own volition connect them with the heart forces. This is shown very plainly now in external life, it is shown too in the great catastrophic events.

For, my dear friends, if one really studies history, there is a great difference between what is now called the present world-war—which is really no war at all, but something else—and earlier wars. People today are not yet attentive to these things, but in all that is going on this distinction is shown. One could refer to many proofs of the fact that this is shown. But you see, there are many men who speak from the standpoint of a quite particular ingeniousness in such an unclear way as the man from whose article I read you a sentence. For this modern acuteness gets to the point of again and again defending the peculiar sentence ‘One must prolong this war as long as possible so that the best possible peace may be established’. No one would have spoken like that about earlier wars. In many other respects too they would not have spoken as is spoken today. People do not yet notice that, as I said, but nevertheless it is so. If you take all earlier wars you will always find that fundamentally in some way or other men could say why they were waging war. (I will bring forward two things to illustrate this, though hundreds might be brought forward.) They wanted something definite, clearly to be outlined, to be described. Can the men of today do this? Above all, do they do it? A great part of those who are heavily involved in the war, do not do it. No one knows what really lies behind things. And if someone says that he wants this or that, it is generally so formulated that the other has no real idea of what he wants.

That was certainly not the case in earlier wars. One can go through the whole of world history and not find it. You can take such grievous events in earlier times as, for instance, the invasions into Europe of the Tartars, the Mongols, and you will always find that they were quite definite things, that could be sharply defined, that could be understood, and from which one could understand what actually happened. Where is there today a really clear definition of what is actually going on, a really clear description?

That is one thing. But now, my dear friends, let me say something else—what was generally the actual result of wars in earlier times? Look wherever you will and you will find that it was certain territorial changes, which people then accepted. How do people face these things today? They all explain that there must be no territorial changes. Then one asks oneself again ‘What is the whole thing for?’ Compared with former things this is really how the matter lies: people cannot in any case fight for what they always fought before, because that simply cannot be done. The moment that is somehow supposed to happen there is an instant declaration ‘That simply cannot be done’. Thus according to the impulses that prevail there can really never be a peace; for if one were to leave everything as it was before, there was no need to begin. But since one has begun and nevertheless wants to leave everything as it was before, one can naturally not leave off, for otherwise there would have been no need to begin!

These things are abstract, paradoxical, but they correspond to profound realities; they really correspond to conditions that ought to be kept in mind at the present time. One must in fact say that what is discussed here as the lack of correspondence between head-man and heart-man is today world-historical fact. And, on the other hand, one can say: men stand today in a quite particular period of development; they cannot control their thoughts in a human way. That is the most significant characteristic of our time; men cannot humanly control their thoughts. All has become different, and people are not yet willing to notice that all has become different.

Thus, one is not merely concerned with something that has a significance in questions concerning world-conceptions, but with something that very deeply affects the most wide-spread event of our time, the most crushing event for humanity. Men no longer find from out their soul the connection with their own thoughts. And this can show us how not only the individual but humanity too in a certain way has forgotten how to call upon the rejuvenating forces. Humanity will not easily be able to extricate itself from this condition. It can only do so when there is a belief in the rejuvenating forces, when we get rid of much of what cannot be rejuvenated. Whether we look at individual persons or consider what is going on around us, we find the same thing everywhere. We find a sifted and sieved head-wisdom, head-experience, without the will to let things ripen through the heart-experience. This is, however, so deeply linked with the needs of the common evolution of mankind, that man should turn his closest attention to it for the present and the immediate future. We have indeed often spoken of it before from the most varied aspects. It is precisely this state of things that shows how necessary it is for spiritual science to enter the world today—even, one might say, as something abstract. But it is fruitful, it can remould the world because above all it can send its impulse into actual, concrete conditions of life. Man would face sad times if he should continue no longer to have faith in the becoming older, if he wanted to stop short at what the short-lived head can experience. For I have said already that the utmost extreme of what the short-lived head can acquire is abstract Socialism, which does not proceed from concrete conditions. Yet this is really solely and alone what people believe in. The philosopher constantly asserts today that there is only matter—on account of his refined spirituality. But he ought to give up this judgment at once, for it is nonsense. But the mainspring of the present so-called war is to be found in the general world-condition from which there is no way out—just as there is no way out from the sentence ‘There is only matter’. For the present time is in fact spiritual! And this that is spiritual needs condensing, needs strengthening, so that it may grasp reality; otherwise it remains mere mirror-image. In the way humanity works today it is as if one did not wish to work in a workshop with actual men, but as if one thought one could work in a workshop with mirror-pictures.

And so it is in the most extreme form of head-concept-socialism, which on this account is so plausible for great masses since it is logical head-experience, purely logical head-experience. But when this logical head-experience cannot meet the spirit element of the other man, with what then can it meet? That is what we have often spoken of, in fact, even today. It then unites with blind desires and instincts. Then there results an impure mixture between the head-experience, which is really quite spiritual, and the blindest instincts and desires. That is what they are now trying to join together in the East, in a world historical way! A socialistic theory, pure head-experience, has nothing whatever to do with the actual concrete conditions of the East;

what is devised by men like Lenin and Trotsky has nothing to do with what is developing as concrete necessities in the East. For if Lenin and Trotsky, through some peculiar chain of circumstance, had landed up in Australia instead of Russia, they would have thought they could introduce the same conditions that they wished to introduce into Russia. They fit Australia, South America, just as much, or just as little, as Russia; they would fit just as well on the Moon, since they fit no real concrete conditions at all. And why? Because they come from the head, and the head is not of the earth. Perhaps they would really fit better on the Moon, since they are purely from the head. The head is not of the earth. That they are intelligible, comes from the fact that they are closely related to the head. But here on earth such things must be established as are related to the earth; a spirituality must also be found which is connected with the earth's future, in the way we described yesterday.

That leads into quite deep and significant things. And when one considers them, one will see how little inclined the man of today really is, to go into these things. And they are as necessary as our daily bread. For otherwise, if the path to rejuvenation is not found, the evolution of mankind will either get into a pit or a blind alley.

Vierzehnter Vortrag

Wir haben gesehen, daß man gewissen Weltenrätseln, Menschheitsrätseln nahekommt, wenn man sich darauf einläßt, den Menschen selbst zu betrachten, aber so zu betrachten, daß man in seiner Form, die wir zunächst als eine zwiespältige Form ins Auge gefaßt haben, etwas sieht von der Auflösung des Weltenrätsels. Man kann sich gut helfen, meditativ gut helfen in bezug auf alle diese Dinge, wenn man über die Formel näher nachdenkt: Die Welt als Ganzes ist ein Rätsel, und der Mensch selbst, wiederum als Ganzes, ist seine Auflösung. Aber natürlich muß man dann verzichten darauf, in einem Augenblicke das Weltenrätsel lösen zu wollen; denn das menschliche Leben selber, und zwar das umfängliche menschliche Leben, dasjenige, das wir erleben zwischen der Geburt und dem Tod und dann wiederum zwischen dem Tod und einer neuen Geburt, das ist eigentlich die Lösung des Weltenrätsels. Also die Formel ist sehr nützlich: Die Welt ist ein Rätsel, und der Mensch ist seine Auflösung.

Wir haben gesehen, daß, wenn man die äußere physische Gestalt des Menschen ins Auge faßt, man an ihm unterscheiden kann den Kopfteil und den übrigen Teil. Den Kopfteil in seiner kugeligen Form können wir nicht nur vergleichsweise, sondern geradezu sachlich als ein Abbild des ganzen Kosmos betrachten. Wir können geradezu sagen, der ganze Sternenhimmel arbeitet daran, die Form, die Gestaltung, die inneren Kräfteverhältnisse des menschlichen Hauptes herauszubringen. Damit hängt es natürlich auch zusammen, daß, trivial gesprochen, jeder seinen eigenen Kopf hat. Das hat ja der Mensch. Denn Sie wissen: je nachdem man an einem bestimmten Orte der Erde steht, oder aber je nachdem man in einer bestimmten Zeit den Sternenhimmel betrachtet, ist die Konfiguration des Sternenhimmels immer anders. Wenn man nun den Sternenhimmel nicht im allgemeinen nimmt, sondern die besondere Gestaltung des Sternenhimmels an dem Orte und in der Zeit, in der der Mensch geboren wird, so kommt das ja heraus, daß nach dieser besonderen Gestaltung des Sternenhimmels ein jeder seinen eigenen, besonderen Kopf haben muß. Denn es ist nicht im allgemeinen der Sternenhimmel, der unsere Köpfe aufbaut, sondern die besondere Gestaltung des Sternenhimmels.

Also das fassen wir ins Auge, und aus den verschiedenen Betrachtungen, die wir schon angestellt haben, kann uns ja hervorgehen, daß ein wesentlicher Teil der Aufgabe, die der Mensch zwischen dem Tod und einer neuen Geburt hat, der ist, sich bekanntzumachen mit den Geheimnissen, mit den geistigen Geheimnissen des Sternenhimmels. Denn man kann in einem gewissen Sinne sogar sagen: der Kopf des Menschen, er wird uns nicht ganz passiv nur gegeben, sondern wir machen ihn selbst. Zwischen dem Tod und einer neuen Geburt werden wir bekannt mit all den Gesetzen, die herrschen im weiten Weltenraum. Das weite Weltenall ist ja, wenn wir es geistig denken, unser Aufenthalt nach dem Tode bis zu einer neuen Geburt. So wie wir hier auf der Erde kennenlernen die Gesetze, nach denen man Häuser baut, die Gesetze, nach denen man anderes macht, so lebt man sich ein in der Zeit zwischen dem Tode und einer neuen Geburt in die Gesetze des Kosmos, des Weltenalls. Und man arbeitet selbst mit an dem Kosmos, und aus dem Kosmos heraus arbeitet man im Zusammenhange mit den reinen geistigen Wesen, die den Kosmos bewohnen, zunächst an seinem Haupte, so daß das Haupt des Menschen, wenn es hier in der physischen Welt erscheint, nur scheinbar durch die bloße Vererbung von den Vorfahren bestimmt ist.

Ich habe in den öffentlichen Vorträgen gesagt und hier es wiederholt, daß jeder ja überzeugt ist davon, die Magnetnadel richtet sich nicht selbst nach Norden, am andern Pol nach Süden, sondern da wirken kosmische Kräfte, da wirkt namentlich die Erde. Bei der Magnetnadel gesteht man also dem Weltenall zu, daß es mit seinen Kräften beteiligt ist; nur bei der Entstehung eines Lebewesens will man es heute noch nicht einsehen, daß das ganze Weltenall beteiligt ist. Beim Menschen ist das ganze Weltenall vorzugsweise an der Gestaltung seines Kopfes beteiligt. Dieser Kopf ist nicht bloß durch Vererbung entstanden von Vater, Mutter, Großvater, Großmutter und so weiter, sondern herein wirken die Kräfte des Weltenalls. Und von den Gliedern, von den Teilen des Menschen, wirkt die Kräftekonfiguration des Weltenalls vorzüglich auf dasjenige, was im Haupte, im Kopfe ist. Dagegen haben wir unsern übrigen Organismus, soweit er physisch ist, in der Tat durch eine Art Vererbung von der Vorfahrenreihe.

Dies ihrerseits auch zu entdecken, ist die Naturwissenschaft der Gegenwart sehr nahe daran. Die Naturwissenschaft der Gegenwart sträubt sich ja nur gegen diejenigen Teile der Wahrheit, welche an die Geisteswissenschaft anklingen. An manchen Punkten ist die Naturwissenschaft der Gegenwart schon ganz nahe daran, mit der Geisteswissenschaft sich zu begegnen. Ich habe es in Vorträgen in Berlin und andeutungsweise auch hier schon gesagt, daß zum Beispiel in bezug auf etwas, was man gerade an der Geisteswissenschaft immer bekämpfte, die Naturwissenschaft ganz nahe daran ist, die Sache auch zuentdecken. Die Leute, welche meine « Theosophie » lesen, finden sich oftmals geradezu besonders abgestoßen von dem Kapitel, wo ich von der Aura des Menschen spreche, davon spreche, daß der seelisch-geistige Kräfteteil des Menschen für das hellseherische Bewußtsein sich auslebt in einer Farbenaura, die den Menschen umspielt. Nun hat in der neueren Zeit Professor Moritz Benedikt in Wien, den ich in anderem Zusammenhange öfter erwähnt habe, Versuche gemacht mit Menschen, welche vorzüglich geeignet sind, die Wünschelrute zu gebrauchen. Professor Benedikt hat nun nicht hellseherische Versuche gemacht, denn er ist sehr, sehr abgeneigt, irgendwie etwas von Hellsichtigkeit zuzugeben, aber er hat in der Dunkelkammer Versuche gemacht mit solchen Menschen, welche vorzugsweise geeignet sind, mit der Wünschelrute, die ja in diesem Kriege eine so große Rolle gespielt hat, Versuche zu machen. Sie wissen vielleicht, daß die Wünschelrute gerade in diesem Kriege eine ganz besondere Rolle gespielt hat. Weil man ja für die Soldaten Wasser braucht, hat man in verschiedenen Heeresmassiven Leute angestellt, welche die Wünschelrute handhaben, um Quellen zu finden, die man bloßlegen kann, um dann die Soldaten mit Wasser zu verpflegen. Das wurde in südlichen Kriegsschauplätzen, auch auf dem galizischen Kriegsschauplatze, in größerem Maßstabe während dieses Krieges getrieben. Man hatte eben, natürlich durch die Not getrieben, solche Dinge machen müssen. Nun hat der Professor Benedikt ganz nach Naturforscherart solche Leute, die besonders geeignet sind, Quellen oder Metalle unter der Erde durch die Wünschelrute zu finden, dann in der Dunkelkammer untersucht, und hat zum Beispiel bei einer Dame, die ganz klein war, gefunden, als er sie in der Dunkelkammer in der richtigen Weise behandelte: wie sie eine mächtige Aura zeigte, so daß sie wie ein Riese erschien. Er konnte sogar beschreiben, daß die rechte Seite bläulich, die linke Seite gelblich-rötlich ist.

Das alles können Sie heute bei Professor Benedikt, der die Sache veröffentlicht hat, in seinem Buche über die Wünschelrute lesen als ein Ergebnis der äußeren Wissenschaft. Es ist die Aura, die der Professor Benedikt auf diese Weise beobachtete - ich habe das bereits bei früheren Gelegenheiten erwähnt -, nicht jene Aura, von der wir sprechen. Wir meinen viel geistigere Elemente im Menschen, wenn wir von der Aura sprechen, als diese unterste, fast physische Aura, die Professor Benedikt natürlich in der Dunkelkammer finden kann. Aber eine Berührung ist doch da, so daß gerade derjenige Teil meiner «Theosophie», der am meisten Anfechtung erfahren hat, über den man am meisten geschimpft hat, jetzt schon seine Berührungspunkte mit der äußeren Wissenschaft erwiesen hat. Die Dinge werden sehr schnell gehen.

Und ebenso wird es mit dem gehen, was ich eben jetzt berührt habe. Man wird in gar nicht zu langer Zeit aus rein naturforscherischen Gründen feststellen können, daß dasjenige, was der Mensch an sich trägt, nur abstammt von den Vorfahren, insoweit es nicht die Form und die inneren Kräfteverhältnisse des Hauptes ist; daß das Haupt in der Tat im Menschen veranlagt wird aus dem Kosmos heraus, daß im Haupte des Menschen die Kräfte des Kosmos spielen. Wenn wir unserem Kopfe allein folgen würden, wären wir auch niemals national. Der Kopf ist gar nicht dazu veranlagt, national zu sein, denn der Himmel ist nicht national, und der Kopf stammt aus dem Himmel. Alles dasjenige, was in unsere Gedanken hineinspielt von Teilungen der Menschen in Gruppen, das kommt nicht aus dem Kopfe, das kommt aus demjenigen, wodurch wir zusammenhängen mit der menschheitlichen Vererbungsströmung. Die spielt natürlich in den Kopf hinein, wenn der Mensch hier zwischen Geburt und Tod lebt, denn der übrige Organismus tauscht seine Nervenkräfte und seine Blutkräfte mit dem Kopfe fortwährend aus.

Wenn wir aber von der Vererbung sprechen, daß also der Teil des Menschen, der außer dem Haupt liegt, seine Kräfte von den Vorfahren erhält, so müssen wir eigentlich nur von dem Physischen sprechen, denn mit dem geistigen Teil des übrigen Menschen ist es etwas anders. Und da ist es sehr wichtig, daß man allerdings jetzt eine Tatsache ins Auge faßt, die nur die Geisteswissenschaft wird entdecken können: Also, daß der Kopf nur beeinflußt wird dadurch, daß er von der Vererbung dem übrigen Organismus aufgesetzt ist, das wird die Naturwissenschaft entdecken, wie sie die Aura entdeckt hat. Daß der Mensch nur in bezug auf seinen übrigen Organismus verwandt ist mit seinen Vorfahren, das wird auch die Naturwissenschaft entdecken. Aber das andere berührt ein Gebiet, in das die Naturwissenschaft ohne weiteres natürlich nicht hinein kann. Das ist das Folgende: Wir tragen in unserem Kopfe, indem wir geboren werden, die Kräfte des Weltenalls; die gestalten unseren Kopf. Ein wenig läßt es sich äußerlich allerdings konstatieren. Wer Kinder beobachtet in ihrer Entwickelung, der wird vielleicht wissen, daß in der allerersten Zeit oftmals gefragt werden kann: Wem ist denn das Kind eigentlich ähnlich? - Und die Ähnlichkeit tritt oftmals erst im späteren Kindesalter stark hervor. Wenigstens einige von Ihnen werden das schon beobachtet haben. Das rührt eben davon her, daß der Kopf überhaupt - wenn ich den Ausdruck gebrauchen darf - mit Bezug auf die irdischen Verhältnisse neutral ist; der übrige Organismus muß erst seine Wirkung auf den Kopf äußern, kann sie natürlich auch schon äußern während der Embryonalzeit, aber er muß erst seine Wirkung auf den Kopf äußern, dann wird der Mensch seinem Vorfahren ähnlich auch in bezug auf Gesichtszüge und dergleichen.

Also durch solche Dinge kann man die Wahrheit, die auf diesem Gebiete liegt, selbst äußerlich beobachten, wenn man einen einigermaßen empfänglichen Sinn für so etwas hat. Aber die Sache liegt tiefer. Dasjenige, was den Vermittler abgibt zwischen dem geistigen Weltenall - denn das Weltenall ist mit Geist und Geistwesen erfüllt — und der Erde, wo wir wohnen, das ist nicht in Ruhe; da strömt fortwährend eine feine Substanz, die man nicht im chemischen Laboratorium erzeugen kann, weil sie nicht zu den chemischen Elementen gehört. Diese feine Substanz strömt fortwährend aus dem weiten Weltenall auf die Erde ein. So daß, wenn man das schematisch zeichnen will, man so sagen kann: Wenn hier die Erde ist im Weltenraume (siehe Zeichnung), so strömt fortwährend von allen Seiten auf die Erde Weltenmaterie ein, eine feine Weltensubstanz (Pfeile einwärts); diese feine Substanz dringt sogar etwas unter die Erde hinein. So daß fortwährend dies da ist: Aus dem ganzen Weltenraume senkt sich Substanz gegen die Erde hinein. Es ist eigentlich nicht physische Substanz, es ist nicht ein chemisches Element, es ist etwas Geistiges, aber es ist wirkliche aurische Substanz, die sich bis unter den Boden der Erde hineinzieht. In dieser Substanz liegen die Kräfte, die wir benützen, wenn wir aus der geistigen Welt heruntergehen auf die Erde, um in einem physischen Menschenleib Platz zu finden.

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Nun ist es bedeutsam, daß diese Substanz, welche zur Erde strömt und von der Erde wieder fortströmt, daß diese Substanz, wenn sie fortströmt von den Menschen, wenn sie sterben, benützt wird, um wiederum die Kräfte zu finden, in die geistige Welt hineinzukommen. Diese Materie, die ich hier im Zuzuge zur Erde einwärts angedeutet habe, die geht bis zu einer gewissen Tiefe in den Erdboden hinein, strömt dann wiederum fort (siehe Pfeile nach auswärts); so daß man fortwährend wahrnehmen kann eine Art Einatmen von Äther oder aurischer Substanz in die Erde, und wieder ein Ausatmen.

Es ist dieses eine Beobachtung, die man nicht so leicht machen kann. Aber wenn man sie einmal gemacht hat, wenn man einmal darauf gekommen ist, daß die Erde eigentlich fortwährend geistige Substanz einatmet und ausatmet, dann weiß man sie auf alle Verhältnisse und vor allen Dingen so auf das menschliche Leben anzuwenden, wie ich es jetzt gesagt habe. Also mit dem, was ich hier in der Zeichnung mit Pfeilen einwärts angedeutet habe, kommen wir herein in unsere Leiblichkeit; mit dem, was ich mit Pfeilen auswärts angedeutet habe, kommen wir wiederum heraus im Tode.

Wir sind unter uns und ich brauche nicht zurückzuhalten mit manchen Dingen. Deshalb will ich in diesem Falle erzählen, wie ich vor Jahren zuerst auf diese Tatsache gekommen bin. Diese Kräfte, die da spielen, die hereinziehenden und herausziehenden Kräfte, haben nämlich nicht nur mit dem menschlichen Leben zu tun, sondern mit allen möglichen irdischen Verhältnissen. Nun war es für mich ein besonderes Rätsel, wie die Sache sich vollzieht mit den Maikäfern, verzeihen Sie, mit den Maikäfern. Die Maikäfer sind nämlich außerordentlich interessant, weil, Sie wissen ja vielleicht äußerlich, wenn in einem Jahre recht viele Maikäfer da sind, so sind in drei bis fünf Jahren recht viele Engerlinge da - das sind die Larven von den Maikäfern -, und diese Engerlinge beeinträchtigen die Kartoflelernte außerordentlich stark. Man bekommt sehr schlechte Kartoffelernten, wenn viele Engerlinge da sind. Und der Mensch, der mit Kartoffelbau etwas zu tun hat, der weiß, daß in drei bis fünf Jahren eine schlechte Kartoffelernte sein wird, wenn in einem Jahre recht viele Maikäfer da sind. Nun hatte ich das als eine interessante Tatsache betrachtet und habe dann gefunden, daß mit den einströmenden Substanzen das Leben der Maikäfer zusammenhängt, mit den ausströmenden Substanzen das Leben der Engerlinge. Ich will das nur betonen als eine Sache, aus der Sie sehen können, wie man von ganz andern Seiten her auf solche Dinge kommt. Man kommt am sichersten auf solche Dinge, wenn man sie nicht am unmittelbaren Objekte betrachtet, sondern wenn man sie an einem verhältnismäßig gleichgültigen Objekte betrachtet, zu dem man sich am leichtesten neutral verhalten kann. Daraus aber ersehen Sie, daß diese Substanzen, von denen ich gesprochen habe, eindringen, sogar eine Weile unter der Erde bleiben. Die Substanz, die dies Jahr einströmt, die strömt erst nach einiger Zeit wiederum zurück. Das hängt nun auch damit zusammen, daß im allgemeinen die ausströmende Substanz träger ist als die einströmende Substanz. Die einströmende Substanz ist lebhafter, strömt rascher ein; die ausströmende Substanz ist träger, strömt langsamer aus.

Man kann, wenn man intim das Menschenleben beobachtet, sehen, wie in der Tat der Mensch, wenn er aus dem Weltenall zur Geburt geht, die Kräfte benützt, die in der einströmenden Substanz sind. Dann verliert er im späteren Lebensalter den Zusammenhang mit dieser einströmenden Substanz. Es ist ja vorzugsweise, wie Sie aus den Betrachtungen ersehen, der Kopf, der mit dieser einströmenden Substanz zu tun hat. Aber der menschliche Kopf ist eine harte Kugel. Er ist ja eine harte Kugel, und er ist dasjenige, das im Umkreis von allen unseren Organen am meisten verknöchert ist. Daher verliert er verhältnismäßig früh - nicht im Kindesalter, aber verhältnismäßig früh - den Zusammenhang mit diesen einströmenden Kräften. Deshalb auch ist seine Bildung, seine Entwickelung früh abgeschlossen.

Der Mensch steht in seinem Kindheitsalter mit diesen einströmenden Kräften auch noch weiter fort in Verbindung, aber dann hören sie auf, auf ihn einen Einfluß zu haben; wenigstens ist es in unserem Zeitenzyklus so. Es war nicht immer so auf der Erde — davon werde ich gleich nachher reden -, in unserem Zeitenzyklus ist es so. Während aber der Mensch hier auf der Erde lebt, bemächtigt sich sein übriger Organismus, außerhalb des Kopfes, der ausströmenden Substanzen, der Kräfte der ausströmenden Substanzen. Mit denen durchdringt sich der übrige Organismus; und das sind die Kräfte, die den übrigen Organismus, wenn sie beachtet werden, von außen her verjüngen können, wie ich das gestern angedeutet habe. Das sind die verjüngenden Kräfte, die auf den Ätherleib wirken, der nun wirklich, indem wir äußerlich physisch alt werden, wie ich gestern gesagt habe, immer pausbackiger und pausbackiger wird. Für diejenigen ausländischen Freunde, die das Wort «pausbackig » nicht verstehen, will ich bemerken, daß das die Backen der Kinder sind, die so gerundet sind, wie Sie das bei blasenden Engeln auf Bildern sehen. Also der Mensch wird pausbackig als Äthermensch. In diesem Prozesse, den der Ätherleib, der mit dem übrigen Leib zusammenhängt, durchmacht, da wirken die von der Erde ausströmenden Kräfte, und die sind es auch, die wir benützen, wenn wir durch die Pforte des Todes gehen, um wiederum zurückzukehren in den Kosmos, in die geistige Welt hinein.

Sie sehen, die Erde ist an unserem Leben beteiligt, innig beteiligt. Und mit alldem, was ich jetzt gesagt habe, hängt etwas zusammen, das man sehr leicht auf eine Formel bringen kann, auf eine wichtige, wesentliche Formel: Wir sind ja lange Zeit als Seele lebend zwischen Tod und neuer Geburt, bevor wir durch diese Geburt ins physische Leben eintreten; wir sind wiederum als Seele lebend, wenn wir durch die Pforte des Todes gegangen sind, bis zu unserer nächsten Welteninkarnation. Der Tote lebt ein geistiges Leben. Dieses geistige Leben hat nun seinen Zusammenhang mit den Sternen, wie wir hier mit der physischen Materie unseren Zusammenhang haben. Indem unser Haupt die Ausgestaltung der Kräfte ist, die wir durchleben zwischen dem Tod und einer neuen Geburt, indem wir gewissermaßen unseren Kopf aus den Weltenkräften aufbauen, findet unser Wesen, unser eigenes Wesen, unser seelisch-geistiges Wesen in unserem Haupte verhältnismäßig früh sein Geistgrab. Dadurch haben wir die Kräfte unseres Kopfes, die wir hier auf der Erde haben, daß unser Kopf eigentlich das Grab unseres Seelenlebens ist, wie wir es geführt haben vor der Geburt beziehungsweise vor der Empfängnis. Unser Kopf ist das Grab unseres geistigen Daseins. Aber indem wir heruntergestiegen sind auf die Erde, ist unser übriger Organismus geeignet, uns wieder auferstehen zu machen, indem er die Kräfte, die von der Erde in den Weltenraum hinaus zurückströmen, aufnimmt, um sein Geistiges zu bilden. Und während unser physischer Organismus von uns abfällt, geht unser Geistiges mit unseren Kräften, die von der Erde hinausströmen, durch den Weltenraum ins geistige Dasein.

Dies ist die wunderbare Polarität, die mit Bezug auf den Menschen im Weltenall herrscht. Wir werden aus dem Geiste physisch, indem wir unser Geistiges in den Kopf hinein begraben; im Haupte ist das Ende unseres geistigen Daseins vor der Geburt. Hier auf der Erde ist es umgekehrt: das Physische lassen wir zurück; das Physische geht allmählich zugrunde während des Lebens, und das Geistige steht auf. So daß wir sagen können: Geburt bedeutet die Auferstehung des Physischen mit der Verwandlung des Geistigen in das Physische; Tod bedeutet die Geburt des Geistigen, indem das Physische ebenso der Erde übergeben wird, wie das Geistige dem Weltenall übergeben wird. Dadurch, daß wir geboren werden, übergeben wir unser Geistiges der Erde; dadurch, daß wir sterben, übergeben wir unser Physisches der Erde. Dadurch, daß wir durch die Geburt unser Geistiges der Erde geben, sind wir physische Menschen. Dadurch, daß wir durch den Tod unser Physisches der Erde übergeben, sind wir geistige Menschen in der Zeit zwischen dem Tod und einer neuen Geburt. Das ist die Polarität, der Gegensatz. Und unser Leben hier besteht darinnen, daß wir unseren Geistorganismus ausbilden. Aber wir können ihn für unseren gegenwärtigen Erdenzyklus nur in der richtigen Weise ausbilden, wenn das berücksichtigt wird, was ich gestern auseinandergesetzt habe: wenn man es erreicht, daß die beiden zwiespältigen Glieder der Menschennatur miteinander wirklich in Korrespondenz treten, daß Kopfleben und Herzleben miteinander in Beziehung treten, daß wirklich das kürzere Kopfleben sich einlebt in den ganzen Menschen, so daß der ganze Mensch sich dann verjüngen kann während des Lebens, das er zu durchleben hat, wenn im Grunde genommen sein Kopf längst schon die Beweglichkeit, die innere Entwickelungsfähigkeit verloren hat.

Das wird die Aufgabe insbesondere der Erziehungswissenschaft in der Zukunft sein, anthroposophisch orientierte Geisteswissenschaft so fruchtbar zu machen, daß der Mensch durch allerlei Erzählungen, durch allerlei Dinge, die für die Jugend auch geeignet sind - aber so geeignet sind, daß man das ganze Alter hindurch Interesse für sie behalten kann -, daß der Mensch eine Empfindung erhält, wie er aus dem Weltenall heraus gebaut ist, wie er wirklich sich auch aus dem Weltenall herausschält und wie er wiederum dasjenige, was er sich hier auf der Erde erwirbt, an das Weltenall zurückgibt. Ich bitte Sie, nur eines so recht - ich sage nicht, zu durchdenken, denn das nützt nicht viel, sondern ich sage: durchzuempfinden, durchzufühlen -, eines so recht durchzufühlen. Auch da ist wiederum ein Punkt, wo die Naturwissenschaft sich heute schon berührt mit dem, was geisteswissenschaftlich erforscht werden kann. Ich habe schon erwähnt, wie einsichtige Geologen ja bereits es ausgesprochen haben, daß die Erde auf ihrem Aussterbeetat bereits ist. Die Erde hat den Punkt überschritten, wo sie als Erdenwesen eigentlich in der Mitte ihres Lebensalters war. In dem ausgezeichneten Buch «Das Antlitz der Erde» von Eduard Sueß können Sie es lesen, wie der Geologe, der rein materialistische Geologe Sueß ausführt, daß, wenn man heute über Äcker geht, Ackerschollen ins Auge faßt, man es zu tun hat mit etwas Absterbendem, das früher anders war. Es ist absterbend. Die Erde stirbt ab. Wir wissen das aus der Geisteswissenschaft, weil wir wissen, daß sich die Erde verwandeln wird in ein anderes planetarisches Dasein, das wir das Jupiterdasein nennen. Die Erde als solche also stirbt ab. Aber der Mensch, beziehungsweise das Menschengeschlecht als Summe von seelischen Wesen, stirbt nicht mit der Erde, sondern das lebt über die Erde hinaus, wie es in der Weise, wie ich es beschrieben habe in meiner «Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß», gelebt hat, bevor die Erde Erde war. Und so kann man sich — wie gesagt, nicht gedankenmäßig, sondern empfindungsgemäß, gefühlsmäßig - durchdringen mit der Vorstellung: Ich stehe hier auf diesem Erdboden; aber dieser Boden, auf dem ich stehe, in dem ich mein Grab finden werde, dieser Boden, der ist ein Vergängliches im Kosmos.

Wodurch entsteht denn aus dieser Erde eine nächste Erde, ein neuer Planet, den die Menschheit in der Zukunft bewohnen wird? Wodurch entsteht das? Das entsteht dadurch, daß wir selbst Stück um Stück zu diesem neuen planetarischen Dasein herantragen. Wir als Menschen - das Tierreich ist etwas mit daran beteiligt - bereiten hier während unseres physischen Lebens, indem wir immer schon an uns tragen, was eigentlich für das nächste Leben erst bestimmt ist, wir bereiten schon während des physischen Lebens den nächsten Planeten, der sich an das Dasein der Erde anschließen wird, vor. In den Kräften, die wieder zurückgehen, liegt dasjenige, was Zukunft der Erde ist. Wir leben nicht bloß in der Gegenwart der Erde, wir leben in der Zukunft der Erde, müssen nur wiederum zurückkehren in unsere Inkarnation, weil wir eben noch verschiedenes auf der Erde, soweit sie noch bestehen wird, zu absolvieren haben. Aber wir leben mit in der Zukunft der Erde. Die Erde atmet, haben wir gesagt, Geistessubstanz ein und aus. In der eingeatmeten Substanz tragen wir die Vergangenheit und die Gesetze der Vergangenheit, die Kräfte der Vergangenheit. In dem Ausgeatmeten, das die Erde wieder zurückgibt, tragen wir an der Zukunft in uns. In dem Menschengeschlecht selbst ruht die Zukunft des Erdendaseins.

Denken Sie sich dieses recht gefühlsmäßig, liebevoll fruchtbar gemacht, anstatt all der törichten Dinge, die heute der Jugend übermittelt werden; denken Sie sich in Hunderten und aber Hunderten von lebendigen Erzählungen, Parabeln, dieses belebt und der Jugend beigebracht. Dann denken Sie sich, was der Mensch für ein Gefühl gegenüber dem Weltenall erhält, was zu tun ist. Was zu tun ist, wenn unsere Kultur vorwärtskommen soll, im Konkreten zu tun ist. Das ist sehr wichtig, in Betracht zu ziehen. Und es kann um so mehr in Betracht gezogen werden, als ja dasjenige damit zusammenhängt, was ich die Verjüngung des Menschen genannt habe. Daß die heutige Menschheit zu solchen Kalamitäten gekommen ist, das hängt ja damit zusammen, daß sie verloren hat das Geheimnis, das Kopfleben in das Herzensleben umzuwandeln. Wir haben fast gar kein wirkliches Herzensleben. Das, wovon man gewöhnlich redet, ist das Triebleben, Begierdeleben, rein dieses, nicht das Geistige, von dem wir gesprochen haben. Der Mensch läßt heute dasjenige, was ins Weltenall hinausströmt, ruhig hinausströmen, bekümmert sich nicht darum. Er beachtet es nicht.

Einzelne beachten es instinktiv. Ich habe das als Beispiel angeführt in diesen Tagen, wie einzelne instinktiv das beachten, dadurch aber sich von andern vielfach unterscheiden. Sie erinnern sich - ich habe den Vergleich angeführt zwischen Zeller und Michelet, den zwei Berliner Professoren -, ich habe gesagt, daß ich mit Eduard von Hartmann über die beiden Herren gesprochen habe in dem Momente, als eben Zeller sich hat pensionieren lassen, weil er mit zweiundsiebzig Jahren sich nicht mehr fähig fühlte, seine Universitätsvorlesungen zu halten. Aber Michelet war fast neunzig Jahre alt. Und Hartmann erzählte: Jetzt war der Michelet da, und er hat mir eben gesagt: Ich begreife den Zeller nicht, der ist jetzt erst zweiundsiebzig Jahre alt, der sagt, er kann nicht mehr vortragen. Ich bin bereit, noch zehn Jahre vorzutragen!- Und dabei sprang er im Zimmer herum und freute sich, was er alles im nächsten Jahr vortragen werde und konnte nicht begreifen, wie der Knabe Zeller, der zweiundsiebzig Jahre alte Zeller darauf Anspruch machte, pensioniert zu werden und nichts mehr zu den Studenten zu reden.

Dieses Jungbleiben, das ist eben etwas, was zusammenhängt damit, daß eine richtige Wechselwirkung stattfindet zwischen Kopf und Herz. Das kann natürlich beim einzelnen Menschen sich mal vollziehen; aber im ganzen kann es sich auch beim einzelnen Menschen nur richtig vollziehen, wenn es übergeht in unsere Kultur, wenn unsere ganze Kultur durchdrungen wird von dem Prinzip, nicht bloß Kopfleben zu haben, sondern auch Herzensleben zu haben. Aber das Herzensleben zu bekommen, dazu gehört mehr Geduld, trotzdem es fruchtbarer ist, verjüngender ist für das Leben, es gehört mehr Geduld dazu, als das Kopfleben zu haben. Kopfleben - sehen Sie, man setzt sich hin und ochst. Wir werden ja in der Jugend trotz aller Rederei der Pädagogen vorzugsweise zum «Ochsen» angehalten. Denn aus früheren Zeiten, wo die Dinge noch atavistisch gewußt waren, haben sich ja einzelne Gewohnheiten erhalten, aber die Leute verbinden keinen rechten Sinn mehr mit solchen Gewohnheiten. Ich will Sie an eine solche Gewohnheit erinnern.

Alles, was aus verhältnismäßig noch gar nicht so alten Zeiten sich herauf erhalten hat, bevor der Materialismus vollständig geworden ist, das hat einen tieferen Sinn. Nur hat sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten sogar schon die Sache verloren, aber als ich noch jung war - es ist lange her - da hatte man zum Beispiel im Gymnasium die Einrichtung, im Untergymnasium in der zweiten Klasse Geschichte des Altertums zu haben; dann in der fünften Klasse hatte man wieder Geschichte des Altertums. Diejenigen, die damals solche Gesetze gehandhabt haben, wußten schon nicht mehr, worum es sich eigentlich handelte, und die lehrer, die diese Sache handhabten, die handhabten sie schon wirklich nicht so, daß sie ein Bewußtsein mit der Vernunft der Sache entwickelt hätten. Denn, wer ein Bewußtsein davon gehabt hätte, der hätte sich gesagt: Wenn ich dem Jungen, der in der zweiten Klasse ist, Geschichte beibringe, so ochst er sie; aber dasjenige, was er da aufnimmt, das braucht nun ein paar Jahre, bis es sich in seinen Organismus einlebt. Daher ist es gut, in der fünften Klasse dasselbe wiederum vorzunehmen, denn da erst trägt auch dasjenige, was vor drei, vier Jahren in diesen armen Kopf hineingegangen ist, seine guten Früchte.

Die ganze Struktur des alten Gymnasiums war eigentlich auf diese Dinge aufgebaut. Die mittelalterlichen Klosterschulen hatten vielfach noch Traditionen, die aus alter Weisheit hervorgegangen waren, die nicht die unsrige ist, aber die atavistisch aus alter Zeit aufbewahrt worden ist und die dann solche Einrichtungen getroffen hat, die vernünftig waren. Es braucht eben das Prinzip der Geduld, wenn Kopfleben in Herzensleben übergehen soll. Denn das Kopfleben vereinigt sich schnell mit dem Menschen, das Herzleben geht langsamer, das geht träger vor sich, da muß man abwarten. Und man will doch heute alles gleich verstehen. Denken Sie einmal, ein Mensch soll heute sich hingeben müssen der Empfindung: er lernt etwas, und dann, um es vollständig zu verstehen, soll er ein paar Jahre warten. Na, es ist in unserem Zeitalter mit den Empfindungen der Menschen kaum zu vereinen, solch ein Prinzip.

Mit den Empfindungen der Menschen ist gegenwärtig manches andere zu vereinen. Dafür kann man ja Beispiele erleben, und es ist gut, auf solche Beispiele hinzuweisen. Von zwei unserer Gesellschaft nahestehenden Persönlichkeiten sind jetzt Stücke aufgeführt worden in Zürich, und es ist vielfach hingedeutet worden, daß die betreffenden Persönlichkeiten in Beziehungen stehen zu dem Dornacher Bau, zur Geisteswissenschaft und so weiter, und man muß in diesem Falle sagen, um ganz gerecht zu sein: diese Zürcher Aufführungen von Pulver und Reinhart sind eigentlich innerhalb der Schweiz sehr gut behandelt worden. Aber Merkwürdiges kann man erleben an den Korrespondenzen, die aus der Schweiz hinausgegangen sind. Die auswärtigen Korrespondenten haben sich weniger, na, sagen wir, weniger interessant benommen als in diesem Falle die schweizerischen Beobachter selber. So ist mir eine Zeitung gegeben worden, in der diese zwei Schweizer Uraufführungen von Pulver und Reinhart besprochen werden, in der sich der betreffende Korrespondent auch nicht verkneifen kann, darauf aufmerksam zu machen, daß die betreffenden Persönlichkeiten mit unserer Bewegung in Beziehung stehen und manches aus unserer Bewegung entnommen haben. Aber heute hat man ja nicht nur die Furcht, nicht wahr, vor dem «falschen Einreden der Gnosis», wie ich das gestern erwähnt habe, sondern man hat die Furcht überhaupt vor dem Geistesleben. Wenn irgend etwas von Weltanschauung in etwas hineinspielt, oh, das ist schrecklich! Und das hängt namentlich damit zusammen, daß man gar keine Empfindung hat für diese Beziehung von Kopfleben und Herzensleben. Es ist alles außer dem Kopfe heute in der Menschheit vorhandene Leben reines Trieb- und Begierdeleben; es ist nicht geistig. Daher reibt sich das Begierde- und Instinktleben mit dem bloßen Kopfleben. Das Kopfleben ist ja sehr geistig heute, ist ja sehr spirituell; aber es wird immerfort und fort - ich weiß nicht, ob man das sagen kann, aber wahr ist es doch -, es wird immerfort verunreinigt von dem Trieb- und Instinktleben. Daher kommen die Gedanken in einer kuriosen Weise heraus. Und dieser Korrespondent, den ich da anführe, dessen von seinen Instinkten konfus gewordenen Kopf können Sie vielleicht am besten beurteilen, wenn ich Ihnen seine Furcht, daß in diesen Stücken der zwei Herren «Weltanschauungsfragen » spielen, aus einem charakteristischen Satze lese. Denken Sie, der Mann bringt es fertig, folgendes zu schreiben:

«Aber Pulvers Christus-Glaube müßte, wollte er von der Bühne herab Jünger werben, aus Tiefen des Leids und Zweifels erwachsen. Die Sternblume, die Reinharts Paradiesessucher gleich im ersten Bilde sich am Fenster seines Studiergemaches gepflückt, sollte erst am Ende und aus blutendem Herzen erblühen. » Und nun kommt der Satz, den ich meine: «Beide Dichter hatten ihre Weltanschauung schon fertig im Kopfe, als sie zu dichten begannen; es wäre für ihre Dramen besser gewesen, sie hätten sich erst im Schreiben ihre Religion zu erringen gehabt.»

Also nun denken Sie sich das einmal: Man bringt es heute fertig, das als einen Hauptfehler anzugreifen, daß jemand mit einer Weltanschauung anfängt zu schreiben! Man soll sich also hinsetzen als ein Waisenknabe gegenüber der ganzen Welt, soll darauf losschmieren, und im Losschmieren soll am Ende dann eine Weltanschauung herausspringen. Dann bringt man die Sache aufs Theater, und dann soll es den Leuten gefallen! Denken Sie, solch närrisches Zeug wird heute in der Welt tatsächlich verbreitet; und viele Menschen merken das nicht, daß solch närrisches Zeug in der Welt verbreitet wird.

Solche Dinge hängen eben damit zusammen, daß das Leben des Kopfes nicht verarbeitet wird von dem ganzen Menschen. Denn selbstverständlich ist auch der Artikelschreiber, der dieses geschrieben hat, ein sehr «gescheiter Mensch». Das soll gar nicht bezweifelt werden, ein sehr gescheiter Mensch ist er schon; aber es nützt eben nichts, gescheit zu sein, wenn die Gescheitheit bloß Kopfleben ist. Das ist das Wichtige, was man ins Auge fassen muß; das ist außerordentlich wichtig.

Hier rühren wir an ein Fundament, das für unsere gegenwärtige Kultur notwendig ist. Man kann ja auf Schritt und Tritt, möchte ich sagen, solche Beobachtungen machen. Logische Entgleisungen werden heute nicht deshalb gemacht, weil die Leute keine Logik haben, sondern weil es nicht genügt, Logik zu haben. Man kann ein wunderbar logischer Kerl sein, seine Examina großartig machen, ein glänzender Universitätsprofessor meinetwillen der Nationalökonomie oder irgendeiner andern Sache sein, und man kann, trotzdem man ein sehr gescheiter Kerl ist, alle mögliche Logik im Kopfe hat, dennoch Entgleisung über Entgleisung leisten, indem man nichts zustande bringt, was mit dem wirklichen Leben zusammenhängt, wenn man nicht die Geduld hat, das, was vom Kopfe erfaßt wird, überzuleiten in den ganzen Menschen, wenn man nicht Geduld hat, an die verjüngenden Kräfte in der Menschennatur zu appellieren. Das ist, um was es sich handelt. Wer wirklich mit wahrer Wissenschaft, wie Geisteswissenschaft es ist, zu tun hat, sich zu tun macht, der weiß, daß er sich schämen würde, etwas, das er heute gefunden oder heute gelernt hat, gleich morgen vorzutragen, weil er weiß, daß das gar keinen Wert hat. Es hat erst einen Wert nach Jahren. Der gewissenhafte Geistesforscher kann nicht so vortragen, daß er das bringt, was er erst in der allerletzten Zeit etwa gelernt hat, sondern er muß die Dinge immer wieder und wiederum in seiner Seele gegenwärtig halten, damit sie reif werden. Mindestens muß er, wenn er vor kurzem Gewonnenes vorbringt, dieses im Besonderen anführen, damit derjenige, der es hört, aufmerksam darauf wird. Aber man wird auch nur, wenn man diese Anforderungen an die Menschennatur ins Auge faßt, wirklich sehen können, was der Gegenwart notwendig ist. Denn was der Gegenwart notwendig ist, liegt nicht in dem, wo es heute vorzugsweise gesucht wird, sondern es liegt in feineren Strukturen, die aber überall in der Welt verbreitet sind. Man braucht ja wirklich nicht Politisches zu berühren, wenn man zum Beispiel auf folgendes aufmerksam macht:

Es gibt heute zahlreiche Menschen - mehr als es der Welt jedenfalls heilsam ist -, welche der Meinung sind: Man muß diesen Krieg möglichst lange fortsetzen, damit aus diesem Krieg ein allgemeiner Friede werde; wenn man ihn zu schnell beende, dann leiste man dem Frieden keinen Dienst! Ich will damit gar kein Urteil abgeben über den Wert oder Unwert der zwischen den Mittelmächten und Rußland gepflogenen sogenannten Friedensverhandlungen, aber interessant ist es doch, was auch dabei für eine kuriose Logik entwickelt werden kann. So ist mir ein Artikel gegeben worden, der wirklich nach dieser Richtung außerordentlich interessant ist; denn der betreffende Herr - der Name tut in diesem Falle nichts zur Sache - wendet sich eigentlich aus dem Grunde gegen einen sogenannten Sonderfrieden, weil er findet, daß durch einen solchen Sonderfrieden der Weltfriede nicht herbeigeführt werde. Ein gerades Denken, aber ein solches Denken, das schon ein bißchen durch die Vertiefung durchgegangen ist, das würde sich vielleicht sagen: Na, vielleicht kommen wir doch ein Stückchen vorwärts, wenn wenigstens an einer Stelle aufgehört wird, sich die Köpfe einzuhauen. - Das würde vielleicht ein gerades Denken sein. Aber ein nicht gerades Denken sagt sich: Nein, man darf an keiner Stelle eigentlich aufhören, denn dadurch wird nicht der «allgemeine Weltenfriede » herbeigeführt. - Und nun macht der betreffende Herr interessante Auseinandersetzungen, das heißt, ihn interessierende Auseinandersetzungen darüber, wie die Leute um Worte streiten. Er meint, daß jene Leute, welche sagen, man müsse sich begeistern für einen Frieden, auch wenn es nur ein Sonderfriede wäre, nur von Worten hypnotisiert seien. Denn man müsse nicht an Worten hängen, sondern müsse der Sache zu Leibe gehen, und die Sache sei eben diese, daß ein Sonderfriede dem allgemeinen Weltenfrieden schädlich sei.

Unter den verschiedenen Begründungen, die der betreffende Herr anführt, ist auch diese in folgenden Sätzen enthaltene. Ein interessanter Satz, so ein recht charakteristischer Satz für die Gegenwart! Ja, wo soll man anfangen, daß man die Sache nicht so sehr ins Persönliche zieht? Nun: «Wer ehrlich ist, wird gestehen müssen, daß dies der Beweggrund vieler — nicht aller! - ist, die unter uns eine solche Freude an einem «Sonder-Frieden» und an Lenin und Trotzkij haben» - er meint nämlich, die Begeisterung für das Wort «Friede», das sei der Grund -, «während sie gleichzeitig bei uns unermüdlich gegen die ‚Antimilitaristen schreien und an unsern Lenins und Trotzkijs wenig Wohlgefallen zeigen. » Der betreffende Herr spricht von der Schweiz.

«Wir aber, die wir nicht Narren eines Wortes sind, sondern die Sache selbst wollen, die wir auch nicht den deutschen Frieden wünschen, sondern den Frieden, wir wollen den allgemeinen Frieden. Für uns steht das Wort «Sonder» mit dem Wort «Frieden» in Widerspruch. » Wenn man auf die Sache sieht, so muß man sorgfältig unterscheiden zwischen Friede und Friede! Der Artikel ist auch überschrieben «Friede und Friede».

Also der Herr, der durch den ganzen Artikel hindurch gegen den Götzendienst der Worte loszieht, schreibt dann den folgenden Satz nieder: «Für uns steht das Wort «Sonder» mit dem Wort «Frieden» in Widerspruch. Sonderung ist das Prinzip des Streites, nicht das Prinzip des Friedens. Wir bedürfen nach diesem Welt-Krieg eines Welt-Friedens, bei dem alle Völker gleichzeitig zusammenkommen zu der groBen Verständigung. Was wir in Brest-Litowsk sehen, dieses Spielen einer Kaste von in allen Wassern des Raffinements gewaschenen Diplomaten mit der Naivität, dem Idealismus, auch dem Dogmatismus der Vertreter einer neuen Ordnung, ist ein Schauspiel, das niemand freuen kann, der will, daß die Ideale rein bleiben. Es ist zu fürchten, daß wir einen Teufelsfrieden bekommen, der nur furchtbareren Krieg gebiert statt des Gottesfriedens, der endlich allem Krieg ein Ende setzt.»

Dies ist gewiß Logik, denn der Artikel ist sehr scharfsinnig geschrieben; blendend scharfsinnig ist er. Er ist sogar kühn und mutig geschrieben gegenüber dem Vorurteile zahlreicher Menschen, dieser Artikel «Friede und Friede »; aber diese Logik ist bar allen Zusammenhanges mit der Wirklichkeit. Denn der Zusammenhang mit der Wirklichkeit wird erst durch jene Korrespondenz gefunden, von der wir gesprochen haben: durch das Reifwerden des Wissens, durch das Reifwerden der Überlegung, dessen, was der Kopf erleben kann, im übrigen Menschen. Und dieses Reifwerden, das ist etwas, was in der Gegenwart gerade, man kann sagen, den gescheitesten Menschen am allermeisten fehlt. Das ist etwas, was mit den tiefsten Bedürfnissen, tiefsten Impulsen der Gegenwart zusammenhängt. Die Gegenwart hat gar keine Neigung, auf das Studium dieser Dinge sich einzulassen. Selbstverständlich meine ich nicht, daß jeder einzelne sich auf solches Studium dieser Dinge einlassen kann; aber diejenigen Menschen, deren Metier das Studium ist, die müßten sich mit solchen Dingen befassen; dann würde das schon in das allgemeine Menschheitsbewußtsein übergehen. Denn die Journalisten - mit Respekt zu vermelden -, die schreiben dasjenige, was sich ihnen als im allgemeinen geltende Meinung eben ergibt, nicht wahr. Würde heute statt Wilsonianismus oder solch ähnlichen Dingen der Mohammedanismus als so allgemein geltende Meinung vertreten werden, so würden eben die europäischen Journalisten mohammedanisch etwas hinschreiben. Und würde Geisteswissenschaft gewohnheitsmäßig in die menschlichen Seelen sich schon eingelebt haben, so würden dieselben Journalisten, die heute über die Geisteswissenschaft schimpfen, sehr brav im Sinne der Geisteswissenschaft selbstverständlich schreiben. Aber man ist abgeneigt heute, gerade bei denjenigen, deren Aufgabe es wäre, auf solche Dinge einzugehen.

Der Mensch hängt wirklich, so wie er auf dieser Erde hier steht, zusammen mit dem ganzen Weltenall. Und ich habe vorhin gesagt, was heute gilt, galt natürlich nicht immer auf der Erde. Wir sprechen ja, ichst wenigstens uns über die wichtigsten Dinge zu informieren, jetzt vorzugsweise über den Zeitraum seit der großen atlantischen Flut, der Sintflut, könnte man sagen; die Geologie nennt es Eiszeit. Wir wissen, daß in dieser Zeit Veränderungen mit der Menschheit vor sich gegangen sind, aber vor dieser Zeit hat es auf der Erde auch schon eine Menschheit gegeben, wenn auch in anderer Form. Sie können das in der «Geheimwissenschaft im Umtiß» nachlesen, wie die Menschheit da gelebt hat. Die atlantische Entwickelung ist der gegenwärtigen Entwickelung vorangegangen. An derjenigen Stelle der Erde zum Beispiel, wo heute der Atlantische Ozean ist, war Land. Ein großer Teil des heutigen Europa war dazumal Meer. Während dieser atlantischen Menschheit waren die Verhältnisse auf der Erde ganz anders. Die alte atlantische Kultur ist untergegangen; die nachatlantische ist an ihre Stelle getreten. Aber die atlantische folgte wiederum auf die sogenannte lemurische Kultur, und da gab es auch mehrere Abschnitte. So daß wir sagen können, wir haben jetzt die nachatlantische Kultur, nicht wahr, den ersten, zweiten, dritten, vierten, fünften Zeitraum, in dem wir jetzt sind. Dem geht voran die atlantische Kultur mit ihren sieben Zeiträumen (siehe Zeichnung); dem geht voran die lemurische Kultur wiederum mit ihren sieben Zeiträumen. Fassen wir einmal den siebenten Zeitraum der lemurischen Kultur ins Auge. Er liegt ungefähr 25900 Jahre vor unserem Zeitraum. Es ist gegen 25000 bis 26000 Jahre her, daß dieser siebente Zeitraum der lemurischen Zeit abgelaufen ist über die Erde hin.

So merkwürdig das klingen mag, es ist eine gewisse Ähnlichkeit zwischen diesem siebenten lemurischen Zeitraum und zwischen unserem eigenen Zeitraum. Ähnlichkeiten finden sich ja immer wiederum zwischen den aufeinanderfolgenden Zeiträumen, Ähnlichkeiten der verschiedensten Art. Eine naheliegende Ähnlichkeit haben wir zwischen unserer und der ägyptisch-chaldäischen Zeit gefunden. Jetzt um zu! wollen wir von einer solchen sprechen, die weitergehend ist. Auch äußerlich kosmisch ist eine Ähnlichkeit. Sie wissen, unser jetziger Zeitraum, der ungefähr im 15. Jahrhundert der christlichen Zeitrechnung beginnt, hängt mit dem Kosmos dadurch zusammen, daß seit jener Zeit die Sonne ihren Frühlingspunkt in den Fischen hat, in dem Sternbilde der Fische. Früher hatte die Sonne ihren Frühlingsaufgangspunkt durch 2160 Jahre hindurch im Sternbilde des Widders. Hier in diesem siebenten lemurischen Zeitraum (links) waren ähnliche Verhältnisse; vor zwölf Zeiträumen war die Sonne in denselben Verhältnissen. Da waren also gegen das Ende der lemurischen Zeit ähnliche Verhältnisse wie jetzt.

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Dieses Ähnlichkeit enthält aber wiederum eine bedeutsame Verschiedenheit. Was wir heute erwerben an innerer Geisteskraft, an Kopferlebnissen, wie wir es jetzt beschrieben haben in diesen Betrachtungen, das erlebte der damalige lemurische Mensch auch, aber er erlebte es auf andere Art. Der lemurische Mensch war ja, wie Sie in meiner «Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß» nachlesen können, ganz anders beschaffen als der heutige Mensch. Dasjenige, was aus dem Weltenall in ihn eindringen konnte, das drang wirklich ein, so daß der lemurische Mensch ungefähr dieselbe Weisheit, die der heutige Mensch durch seinen Kopf erwirbt, auch erhalten hat, aber vom Weltenall strömte sie in ihn ein; insofern war sie wieder anders. Sein Kopf war noch offen, sein Kopf war noch empfänglich für die Verhältnisse des Weltenalls. Daher war in alten Zeiten hellseherische Kraft vorhanden. Der Mensch erklärte sich die Dinge nicht logisch. Er lernte sie nicht, sondern er schaute sie, weil sie aus dem Kosmos in seinen Kopf hereinkamen, während sie heute nicht mehr herein können. Denn das, was hereinkommt, das hört verhältnismäßig in früher Jugend auf; wie ich gesagt habe: der Kopf steht nicht in so inniger Beziehung mehr zum Weltenall. Das ist im heutigen Zeitalter so. Damals war es nicht so; damals stand der Kopf des Menschen noch in viel innigerer Beziehung zum Weltenall, damals empfing der Kopf noch Weltenweisheit; ihr ging nicht jene Logik ab, die heute doch dem, was der Mensch selber erwirbt, abgeht. Jene Urweisheit war eine wirklich inspirierte, eine von außen an den Menschen herankommende, aus den göttlichen Welten stammende. Das zu betrachten, ist der heutige Mensch abgeneigt, denn der heutige Mensch glaubt — verzeihen Sie, wenn ich mich wiederum etwas drastisch ausdrücke —, er habe, seit dem er auf der Erde ist, immer einen so harten Schädel gehabt wie heute. Das ist aber nicht wahr. Das menschliche Haupt hat sich erst in verhältnismäßig später Zeit geschlossen, das menschliche Haupt war empfänglich für kosmische Einströmungen in alten Zeiten. Jetzt ist nur noch ein atavistischer Rest zurückgeblieben. Jeder Mensch weiß, wenn er einen Kindskopf - einen richtigen Kindskopf, nicht einen solchen also, wie ihn die Erwachsenen haben - betrachtet, so ist noch eine Stelle weich. Das ist der letzte Rest jenes dem Kosmos Geöffnetseins, wo aus dem Kosmos herein im Kopfe in einer bestimmten Weise die kosmischen Kräfte in alten Zeiten wirkten und dem Menschen kosmische Weisheit gaben. Da brauchte der Mensch noch nicht jene Korrespondenz mit dem Herzen, denn da hatte er ein kleines Herz im Kopfe, das heute verkümmert, das heute rudimentär geworden ist.

So ändert sich der Mensch. Aber indem sich die Verhältnisse über die Erde hin ändern, muß der Mensch das begreifen und sich selbst auch ändern, selbst auch anderen Verhältnissen anpassen. Wir wären immer am Gängelbande des Kosmos geblieben, wenn unser Kopf nicht verknöchert wäre. Dadurch sind wir abgeschlossen gegen das Weltenall und können ein selbständiges Ich in uns entwickeln. Das ist wichtig, daß wir dieses ins Auge fassen. Wir können ein selbständiges Ich in uns entwickeln dadurch, daß wir physisch diesen harten Schädel bekommen haben. Und der letzte Rest der Erinnerungen, der lebendigen Erinnerungen an die alte Urweisheit - wann ist er denn eigentlich geschwunden bei der Menschheit? Er ist eigentlich erst geschwunden in dem Zeitraume, der dem unseren vorangegangen ist, im vierten nachatlantischen Zeitraum, während der griechisch-römischen Kultur. Allerdings haben die Menschen da auch schon längst einen zugemachten Schädel gehabt, aber es gab noch immer in den Mysterien bewahrte Urweisheit, die aus ganz alten Zeiten stammte, aus dem Zeitraume, der wiederum dem damaligen lemurischen Fischezeitalter vorangegangen ist, aus dem lemurischen Widderzeitalter.

Im lemurischen Zeitalter wurde dem Menschen auch das, was er dazumal von seinem Ich haben konnte, vom Kosmos herein geoffenbart, seine innerste Seelenkraft wurde ihm vom Kosmos herein geoffenbart. Das hörte auf gerade im vierten nachatlantischen Zeitraum, in der griechisch-lateinischen Zeit. Der Himmel machte seine letzte Türe zu vor dem Menschen. Dafür aber auch sandte er seinen größten Boten herunter gerade in jener Zeit, damit der Mensch auf der Erde finden könne, was er früher vom Himmel erhalten hat: den Christus. Insofern ist das Mysterium von Golgatha auch eine kosmische Tatsache, als für den Menschen das verlorengegangen wäre, was ihm früher schon von der lemurischen Zeit her vom Himmel geoffenbart war, kosmisch geoffenbart war. Da erscheint derjenige Impuls, der es ihm von der Erde her offenbaren kann. Nur muß der Mensch dasjenige, was von der Erde her im Christus-Impuls geoffenbart worden ist, nach und nach ausbilden, und gerade dadurch ausbilden, daß er auf jene Verjüngung eingeht, von der wir jetzt gesprochen haben.

Mit dieser Entwickelung des Menschen hängt es zusammen, daß wir heute eigentlich in uns tragen etwas, man kann sagen, ganz Wunderbares. Ich habe schon in den gestrigen Betrachtungen erwähnt: das Wissen unserer Zeit ist das spirituellste, das es nur geben kann; nur merkt es der Mensch nicht, weil er es nicht reif werden läßt. Das, was man heute über die Natur wissen kann, das ist viel geistiger als dasjenige, was man vorher gewußt hat. Was man vorher gewußt hat, das brachte gewisse Wirklichkeiten aus dem Kosmos herunter. In den Sternen, ich habe es erwähnt, sah noch die mittelalterliche Scholastik englische Intelligenzen. Die neuere Astronomie sieht natürlich keine englischen Intelligenzen, sondern etwas, was man mit Mathematik oder Mechanik berechnet; aber es ist, ich möchte sagen, dasjenige, was man früher gesehen hat, darin ganz durchgesiebt, bis auf das letzte Geistige durchgesiebt. Es gehörte allerdings die ganze liebenswürdige Genialität des Novalis dazu, um in diesem Punkte richtig zu sehen. In den Aphorismen von Novalis finden Sie den schönen Ausspruch - ich habe ihn schon öfter erwähnt -: «Die Mathematik ist im Grunde ein großes Gedicht.» - Aber dazu, um das einzusehen, wie die Mathematik, durch die man auch die Sternenwelten und ihren Verlauf berechnet, eine große Dichtung ist, dazu muß man ein Poet sein, nicht wie es die heutigen Naturalisten etwa sind, sondern ein solcher Poet, wie es Novalis ist. Dann steht man bewundernd auch vor dem Gedichte der Mathematik da. Denn die Mathematik ist Phantasie. Mathematik ist nichts mit den Sinnen Beobachtetes, sie ist Phantasie. Sie ist aber das letzte Phantasieprodukt, das noch einen Zusammenhang mit der unmittelbaren äußeren Wirklichkeit hat. Die Mathematik ist nämlich ganz durchgesiebte Maja. Und lernt man sie kennen, nicht bloß mit dem schulmeisterlichen Sinn, der heute die Welt meistert, sondern lernt man die Mathematik kennen ihrer Substanz nach, lernt man die Mathematik kennen in dem, was sie offenbaren kann, dann lernt man in ihr allerdings etwas kennen, was so wenig eine Realität hat wie das Spiegelbild, das wir von uns selber im Spiegel sehen, das uns aber doch etwas sagt, das uns sehr viel sagt unter Umständen. Aber allerdings, wenn man das Spiegelbild als eine letzte Realität betrachtet, ist man ein Tor. Und wenn man gar anfängt, etwa mit dem Spiegelbild sich unterhalten zu wollen, weil man es mit der Wirklichkeit verwechselt, so sucht man eben nicht die Wirklichkeit an der rechten Stelle. Ebensowenig kann man in dem, was die Mathematik in der Astronomie errechnet, eine Wirklichkeit finden. Aber die Wirklichkeit ist schon da. Wie ein Spiegelbild nicht da ist ohne die Wirklichkeit, so ist das ganze geistige Dasein da, das rein mathematisch errechnet wird. Es ist nur ganz durchgesiebt und muß wiederum zu der Wirklichkeit zurückdringen.

Gerade indem unsere Zeit so abstrakt geworden ist, so rein kopfmäßig gebildet worden ist, hat sie einen ungeheuer geistigen Inhalt. Und es gibt eigentlich nichts, was so fein geistig ist, wie unsere gegenwärtige Wissenschaft; nur wissen das die Menschen nicht und würdigen es nicht. Allerdings ist es fast drollig, wenn man mit der gegenwärtigen Wissenschaft materialistisch ist, denn man ist eigentlich ein sonderbarer Lebensgenosse, wenn man mit der gegenwärtigen Wissenschaft materialistisch ist, nur sind fast alle Gelehrten solche Lebensgenossen. Wenn man mit dem, was die gegenwärtige Wissenschaft an Begriffen entwickeln kann, behauptet, es gäbe nur ein materielles Dasein, so ist es eigentlich komisch; denn wenn es nur ein materielles Dasein gäbe, könnte man niemals behaupten, daß es ein materielles Dasein gäbe. Daß man die Behauptung aufstellte: Es gibt ein materielles Dasein -, dieser Akt der Seele ist nämlich das feinste Geistige, was es nur geben kann; der ist allein ein Beweis, daß es nicht ein bloßes materielles Dasein gibt! Denn kein Mensch könnte behaupten, daß es ein materielles Dasein gäbe, wenn es nur ein materielles Dasein gäbe. Man kann allerlei anderes behaupten, aber man kann niemals behaupten, daß es ein materielles Dasein gibt, wenn man nur ein materielles Dasein annimmt. Indem man behauptet, daß es nur ein materielles Dasein gibt, beweist man eigentlich, daß man einen Unsinn redet. Denn, wenn das wahr wäre, was man behauptet, wenn es nur ein materielles Dasein geben würde, so könnte niemals aus diesem materiellen Dasein heraus etwas entstehen, das irgendwo in einem Menschen jene Behauptung würde, die ein rein geistiger Vorgang ist: Es gibt ein materielles Dasein.

Daraus sehen Sie schon: es ist eigentlich niemals ein so logischer Beweis geführt worden, daß die Welt aus dem Geiste ist, als in unserer Zeit durch die Wissenschaft, die nicht daran glaubt - das heißt, die nicht an sich selber glaubt in Wirklichkeit -, und durch das ganze Zeitalter, das nicht an sich selber glaubt. Nur dadurch, daß sich von Epoche zu Epoche die Menschheit immer mehr und mehr spiritualisiert hat, daß wir es endlich dahin gebracht haben, solch feine Begriffe zu haben, wie wir sie in der Gegenwart haben, nur dadurch ist die Menschheit dazu gekommen, daß sie nun rein sieht die ganz durchgesiebten Begriffe und aus dem eigenen Willen sie nun an die Herzenskräfte anschließen kann. Das zeigt sich aber auch richtig im äußeren Leben, das zeigt sich auch in den großen katastrophalen Ereignissen.

Denn es ist ein großer Unterschied, wenn man wirklich Geschichte studiert, zwischen dem, was man jetzt den gegenwärtigen Weltkrieg nennt, der eigentlich kein Krieg, sondern etwas anderes ist - ich habe davon öfter gesprochen -, ein großer Unterschied gegenüber früheren Kriegen. Man ist heute noch nicht aufmerksam auf diese Dinge; aber in all den Dingen, die sich abspielen, zeigt sich schon dieser Unterschied. Man könnte viele Dinge anführen zum Beweise dafür, daß sich dieses zeigt. Aber Menschen, die in so unklarer Weise sprechen vom Standpunkte eines ganz besonderen Scharfsinnes aus, wie der Mann in dem Artikel, aus dem ich Ihnen einen Satz vorgelesen habe, solche gibt es jetzt viele. Denn dieser gegenwärtige Scharfsinn bringt es dazu, den eigentümlichen Satz immer wieder und wiederum zu verfechten: Man muß diesen Krieg möglichst verlängern, damit ein möglichst guter Friede hergestellt wird. - So würde niemand gesagt haben gegenüber früheren Kriegen; so würde man niemals gesprochen haben. Man würde auch in mancher andern Beziehung nicht so gesprochen haben wie heute. Denn, wie gesagt, die Leute beachten das noch nicht, aber es ist doch so: wenn Sie alle früheren Kriege nehmen, so werden Sie immer - ich könnte Hunderte von Dingen anführen, die das erweisen würden, ich will nur zwei Dinge anführen -, Sie werden bei früheren Kriegen immer finden, daß im Grunde genommen die Menschen in irgendeiner Weise aussprechen konnten, warum sie Krieg führten. Sie wollten etwas Bestimmtes, scharf zu Umreißendes, scharf zu Umschreibendes. Können dies die gegenwärtigen Menschen? Tun sie es vor allen Dingen? Ein großer Teil derjenigen, die sehr am Kriege beteiligt sind, tun es nicht. Kein Mensch weiß, was eigentlich hinter den Dingen steckt. Und wenn jemand sagt, er will das oder jenes, so ist es gewöhnlich so formuliert, daß der andere erst recht nicht weiß, was er will.

Das war bei früheren Kriegen durchaus nicht so. Man kann die ganze Weltgeschichte durchgehen, und man wird dieses nicht finden. Sie können in früheren Zeiten noch so betrübliche Ereignisse nehmen - ich will die tartarischen, die mongolischen Einfälle in Europa nennen -, Sie könnten immer finden: das sind ganz bestimmte Dinge, die scharf zu formulieren sind, die zu verstehen waren, aus denen heraus man definieren konnte, was eigentlich geschieht. Wo ist heute eine wirklich klare Definition desjenigen, was eigentlich geschieht, eine wirklich klare Umschreibung?

Das ist das eine. Aber nun, um etwas anderes noch zu sagen: Was war denn eigentlich in früheren Zeiten gewöhnlich die Folge von Kriegen? Man könnte Hunderte von Dingen anführen, aber ich will diese zwei anführen: Was war denn die Folge von Kriegen in früheren Zeiten? Sehen Sie hin, wo Sie wollen: gewisse territoriale Veränderungen, die die Menschen dann hingenommen haben. - Wie stellen sich die Menschen heute zu diesen Dingen? Sie erklären eigentlich alle: Ja, territoriale Veränderungen darf es nicht geben. - Dann frägt man sich aber wiederum: Wozu das Ganze? Im Grunde genommen, verglichen mit früheren Dingen, ist die Sache so, daß die Leute jedenfalls um das nicht Krieg führen können, um was man früher immer Krieg geführt hat; denn das kann es gar nicht geben. In dem Augenblicke, wo es irgendwie das geben soll, erklärt man sofort: Das kann es gar nicht geben. - Also kann es eigentlich niemals, nach den Impulsen, die herrschen, niemals einen Frieden geben; denn würde man alles beim alten lassen, so hätte man gar nicht anzufangen gebraucht. Da man aber angefangen hat und doch alles beim alten lassen will, so kann man selbstverständlich nicht aufhören, denn sonst hätte man nicht anzufangen gebraucht!

Diese Dinge sind abstrakt, paradox, aber sie entsprechen tiefgehenden Wirklichkeiten; sie entsprechen wirklich Bedingungen, die vorläufig ins Auge gefaßt werden sollten. So daß man schon sagen muß: Dasjenige, was hier erörtert wird als mangelnde Korrespondenz zwischen Kopfmenschen und Herzensmenschen, das ist heute weltgeschichtliches Ereignis. - Und auf der andern Seite kann man sagen: Die Menschen stehen heute in einem ganz besonderen Abschnitte der Entwickelung, sie können nicht menschlich ihre Gedanken bewältigen. - Das ist das bedeutsamste Charakteristikon unserer Zeit. Die Menschen können nicht menschlich ihre Gedanken bewältigen. Alles ist anders geworden, und die Menschen wollen noch nicht aufmerksam darauf sein, daß alles anders geworden ist.

Also man hat es nicht bloß zu tun mit irgend etwas, das innerhalb Weltanschauungsfragen eine Bedeutung hat, sondern was wirklich für das breiteste, die Menschheit bedrückendste Ereignis unserer Tage tief, tief geht. Die Menschen finden nicht mehr den Anschluß von ihrer Seele aus an ihre eigenen Gedanken. Und das ist dasjenige, was uns darauf hinweisen kann, wie nicht nur der einzelne Mensch, sondern die Menschheit in einer gewissen Weise verlernt hat, an die Verjüngungskräfte zu appellieren. Die Menschheit wird sich nicht leicht aus diesem Zustand wiederum herausbringen können. Sie wird das erst können, wenn sie an verjüngende Kräfte glaubt, wenn vieles von dem ganz ausgemerzt ist, was nicht mehr verjüngt werden kann. Ob wir den einzelnen Menschen ansehen, oder ob wir ansehen dasjenige, was um uns herum vorgeht, wir finden überall dasselbe. Wir finden eine durchgesiebte Kopfweisheit, ein durchgesiebtes Kopferleben, ohne den Willen, die Dinge reif werden zu lassen durch das Herzenserleben. Das aber ist etwas so tief Zusammenhängendes mit dem Bedürfnisse der allgemeinen Menschheitsentwickelung, daß der Mensch gar wohl gerade darauf seine stärkste Aufmerksamkeit in der Gegenwart und für die nächste Zukunft lenken sollte.

Das haben wir ja schon öfter erwähnt von den verschiedensten Gesichtspunkten aus. Gerade das kann uns darauf hinweisen, daß Geisteswissenschaft allerdings heute in die Welt treten muß, selber, ich möchte sagen, wie etwas Abstraktes; aber sie ist fruchtbar, sie kann umgestalten die Welt, indem sie vor allen Dingen in die wirklichen, konkreten Lebensbedingungen ihre Impulse hineinschicken kann. Der Mensch würde traurigen Zeiten entgegengehen, wenn es fortdauern sollte, daß man keinen Glauben mehr hat an das Älterwerden, daß man stehenbleiben will bei dem, was der, ich möchte sagen, kurzlebige Kopf erleben kann. Denn ich habe schon gesagt: Das äußerste Extrem dessen, was der kurzlebige Kopf erwerben kann, das ist der abstrakte Sozialismus, der nicht aus konkreten Verhältnissen hervorgeht. Aber an ihn glaubt man ja im Grunde genommen einzig und allein. Der Philosoph behauptet heute vielfach, es gäbe nur Materie, wegen seiner feinen Spiritualität. Nur müßte er sogleich dieses Urteil aufgeben, denn es ist ein Unsinn. In den allgemeinen Weltverhältnissen ist man zu Triebfedern des gegenwärtigen sogenannten Krieges gekommen, aus denen es keinen Ausweg gibt, ebensowenig wie aus dem Satze: Es gibt nur Materie. - Denn die Gegenwart ist eben spirituell, und dieses Spirituelle braucht Verdichtung, braucht Erkraftung, damit es in die Wirklichkeit eingreifen kann. Sonst bleibt es bloßes Spiegelbild. Die Menschheit arbeitet, so wie sie heute arbeitet, wie wenn man nicht mit wirklichen Menschen irgendwo in einer Werkstätte arbeiten wollte, sondern wie wenn man glaubte, man könnte mit Spiegelbildern in einer Werkstätte arbeiten.

So ist es bei der extremsten Ausgestaltung der Kopfanschauung, bei dem Sozialismus, der deshalb für große Massen so einleuchtend ist, weil er logisches Kopferlebnis ist, reines logisches Kopferlebnis ist. Wenn aber dieses logische Kopferlebnis nicht mit dem Geistigen des andern Menschen zusammenkommt — mit was kommt es dann zusammen? Das haben wir ja öfter erwähnt, heute sogar auch: dann kommt es mit den blinden Trieben und Instinkten zusammen, dann kommt eine unreinliche Mischung heraus zwischen dem Kopferlebnis, das eigentlich ganz spirituell ist, und den blindesten Instinkten und Trieben. Das will man jetzt im Osten miteinander auch weltgeschichtlich vereinen. Eine sozialistische Theorie, bloßes Kopferlebnis, das gar nichts zu tun hat mit den wirklichen konkreten Verhältnissen des Ostens, dasjenige, was ausgedacht wird von Menschen, wie Lenin und Trotzkij, das hat mit dem, was sich konkret als Bedürfnisse im Osten entwickelt, nichts zu tun. Denn würden Lenin und Trotzkij, statt nach Rußland, durch irgendeine sonderbare Verkettung von Umständen nach Australien verschlagen sein, so würden sie dort ebenso glauben, dieselben Verhältnisse einzuführen, wie sie sie in Rußland einführen wollten; sie passen nach Australien, nach Südamerika ebenso gut und ebenso schlecht wie nach Rußland; sie passen ebenso gut auf den Mond, weil sie zu gar keinen konkreten, wirklichen Verhältnissen passen. Denn warum? Weil sie aus dem Kopfe sind und der Kopf ist nicht von der Erde. Vielleicht würden sie gerade deshalb auf den Mond besser passen, weil sie aus dem bloßen Kopfe sind. Der Kopf ist nicht von der Erde. Daß sie einleuchten, das rührt eben davon her, daß sie dem Kopf sehr verwandt sind. Aber hier auf der Erde muß dasjenige begründet werden, was erdenverwandt ist, muß Geistigkeit auch gefunden werden, die mit der Erdenzukunft so zusammenhängt, wie wir das heute dargestellt haben.

Das führt in ganz bedeutsame, tiefe Dinge hinein. Und wenn man sie bedenkt, so wird man sehen, wie wenig geneigt der Mensch der Gegenwart eigentlich ist, auf diese Dinge einzugehen. Und sie sind so notwendig wie das tägliche Brot, denn die Menschheitsentwickelung kommt sonst entweder in eine Fallgrube oder in eine Sackgasse, wenn nicht gefunden wird dasjenige, was zur Verjüngung führt.

Es ist ein breites Thema. Man kann alle diese Dinge nur andeuten. Ich fürchte, daß ich heute schon zu lange gesprochen habe, aber ich wollte wenigstens verschiedenes sagen.

Ich habe nun noch für diese paar Tage, die wir beisammen sein können, allerlei, möchte ich sagen, Bedürfnisse: Einmal möchte ich noch über illustrative Kunst sprechen. Dann möchte ich, weil ich glaube, daß tatsächlich manches für die Gegenwart sehr verständlich auch werden kann, viel verständlicher noch werden kann, wenn man manches in der Vergangenheit betrachtet, zweimal zu Ihnen historisch sprechen, und zwar möchte ich einmal über die Verhältnisse des 9. Jahrhunderts in Europa sprechen, weil ich da manches werde berühren können, das Ihnen wichtig sein könnte zu wissen; und dann möchte ich in einem zweiten Vortrage sprechen über das Zeitalter des Christian Rosenkreutz.

Fourteenth Lecture

We have seen that one comes close to certain mysteries of the world and of humanity when one allows oneself to look at human beings themselves, but to look at them in such a way that one sees something of the solution to the mystery of the world in their form, which we initially perceived as an ambivalent form. One can help oneself well, meditatively help oneself well in relation to all these things, if one thinks more deeply about the formula: The world as a whole is a mystery, and human beings themselves, again as a whole, are its solution. But of course, one must then refrain from trying to solve the mystery of the world in a moment; for human life itself, namely the comprehensive human life, the one we experience between birth and death and then again between death and a new birth, is actually the solution to the mystery of the world. So the formula is very useful: The world is a mystery, and man is its solution.

We have seen that when we consider the external physical form of man, we can distinguish between the head and the rest of the body. We can view the head, with its spherical shape, not only comparatively, but also objectively as an image of the entire cosmos. We can say that the entire starry sky is working to bring out the form, the structure, and the inner forces of the human head. This is of course also related to the fact that, to put it trivially, everyone has their own head. That is what human beings have. For you know that depending on where you stand on earth, or depending on when you look at the starry sky, the configuration of the starry sky is always different. If we take not the starry sky in general, but the particular configuration of the starry sky at the place and time when a person is born, it follows that, according to this particular configuration of the starry sky, each person must have their own particular head. For it is not the starry sky in general that builds our heads, but the particular configuration of the starry sky.

So let us keep this in mind, and from the various considerations we have already made, it can be seen that an essential part of the task that human beings have between death and a new birth is to become acquainted with the mysteries, with the spiritual mysteries of the starry sky. For in a certain sense, one can even say that the human head is not given to us completely passively, but that we make it ourselves. Between death and a new birth, we become familiar with all the laws that govern the vast universe. The vast universe is, if we think of it spiritually, our abode after death until we are reborn. Just as we learn here on earth the laws according to which houses are built, the laws according to which other things are done, so in the time between death and rebirth we become familiar with the laws of the cosmos, of the universe. And we ourselves work with the cosmos, and from the cosmos we work in connection with the pure spiritual beings who inhabit the cosmos, first of all on its head, so that when the human head appears here in the physical world, it is only apparently determined by mere inheritance from our ancestors.

I have said in public lectures and repeated here that everyone is convinced that the magnetic needle does not point itself northward and southward at the other pole, but that cosmic forces are at work, namely the Earth. In the case of the magnetic needle, one therefore acknowledges that the universe is involved with its forces; only in the case of the origin of a living being does one not yet want to admit that the entire universe is involved. In humans, the entire universe is primarily involved in the formation of the head. This head is not merely the result of heredity from father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, and so on, but the forces of the universe are at work here. And of the limbs, of the parts of the human being, the configuration of forces of the universe acts primarily on that which is in the head. In contrast, we have indeed inherited the rest of our physical organism through a kind of inheritance from our ancestors.

Contemporary natural science is very close to discovering this as well. Contemporary natural science only resists those parts of the truth that touch on spiritual science. In some respects, modern science is already very close to meeting spiritual science halfway. I have already said in lectures in Berlin, and also hinted at here, that in relation to something that has always been fought against in spiritual science, natural science is very close to discovering the truth. People who read my “Theosophy” are often particularly repelled by the chapter where I speak of the human aura, where I speak of the fact that the soul-spiritual part of the human being lives out its life for clairvoyant consciousness in a color aura that surrounds the human being. Now, in recent times, Professor Moritz Benedikt in Vienna, whom I have often mentioned in other contexts, has conducted experiments with people who are particularly suited to using divining rods. Professor Benedikt did not conduct clairvoyant experiments, for he is very, very averse to admitting anything to do with clairvoyance, but he did conduct experiments in a darkroom with people who are particularly suited to experimenting with dowsing rods, which played such an important role in this war. You may know that the divining rod played a very special role in this war. Because water is needed for soldiers, people were employed in various army camps to use the divining rod to find springs that could be exposed so that the soldiers could be supplied with water. This was done on a large scale during the war in southern theaters of war, including the Galician theater. Necessity, of course, drove people to do such things. Now, Professor Benedikt, in true natural scientist fashion, examined such people who were particularly suited to finding springs or metals underground using divining rods in a darkroom. For example, when he treated a very small lady in the darkroom in the right way, he found that she had such a powerful aura that she appeared to be a giant. He was even able to describe that the right side was bluish and the left side yellowish-reddish.

You can read all this today in Professor Benedikt's book on dowsing, which he published as a result of external science. It is the aura that Professor Benedikt observed in this way — I have already mentioned this on previous occasions — not the aura we are talking about. When we speak of the aura, we mean much more spiritual elements in human beings than this lowest, almost physical aura that Professor Benedikt can naturally find in the darkroom. But there is a connection, so that precisely that part of my “theosophy” which has been most contested, which has been most reviled, has already proven its points of contact with external science. Things will move very quickly.

And the same will happen with what I have just touched upon. In not too long a time, it will be possible to establish, on purely scientific grounds, that what human beings carry within themselves is derived from their ancestors only insofar as it is not the form and the inner power relations of the head; that the head is in fact predisposed in human beings from the cosmos, that the forces of the cosmos are at work in the human head. If we were to follow our heads alone, we would never be national. The head is not predisposed to be national, for heaven is not national, and the head originates from heaven. Everything that plays into our thoughts about the division of people into groups does not come from the head, but from that through which we are connected with the human stream of inheritance. This naturally plays into the head when a person lives here between birth and death, because the rest of the organism constantly exchanges its nerve forces and blood forces with the head.

But when we speak of heredity, that is, that the part of the human being that lies outside the head receives its forces from the ancestors, we must actually speak only of the physical, for with the spiritual part of the rest of the human being it is somewhat different. And here it is very important to consider a fact that only spiritual science will be able to discover: namely, that the head is only influenced by the fact that it is placed on the rest of the organism through heredity. Natural science will discover this, just as it has discovered the aura. Natural science will also discover that human beings are related to their ancestors only in relation to their remaining organism. But the other aspect touches on a realm into which natural science cannot readily enter. It is this: when we are born, we carry within our heads the forces of the universe; these forces shape our heads. To a small extent, this can be observed externally. Anyone who observes children as they develop will perhaps know that in the very early stages it is often possible to ask: Who does the child actually resemble? And the resemblance often only becomes apparent later in childhood. At least some of you will have observed this. This stems from the fact that the head is, if I may use the expression, neutral in relation to earthly conditions; the rest of the organism must first express its effect on the head, which it can of course already do during the embryonic period, but it must first express its effect on the head, and then the human being becomes similar to its ancestors in terms of facial features and the like.

So through such things one can observe the truth that lies in this realm, even externally, if one has a reasonably receptive sense for such things. But the matter lies deeper. That which mediates between the spiritual universe — for the universe is filled with spirit and spirit beings — and the earth where we live is not at rest; a fine substance is constantly streaming forth which cannot be produced in a chemical laboratory because it does not belong to the chemical elements. This fine substance flows continuously from the vast universe onto the earth. So that, if one wants to draw this schematically, one can say: If the earth is here in the universe (see drawing), then world matter, a fine world substance (arrows pointing inward), flows continuously onto the earth from all sides; this fine substance even penetrates somewhat beneath the earth. So that this is constantly happening: substance from the entire universe descends toward the earth. It is not actually physical substance, it is not a chemical element, it is something spiritual, but it is real auric substance that extends down to the bottom of the earth. In this substance lie the forces that we use when we descend from the spiritual world to the earth in order to find a place in a physical human body.

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Now it is significant that this substance, which flows to the earth and flows away from the earth again, that this substance, when it flows away from human beings when they die, is used to find the forces to enter the spiritual world again. This matter, which I have indicated here as flowing inward toward the earth, goes down to a certain depth in the ground and then flows away again (see arrows pointing outward), so that one can continually perceive a kind of inhalation of ether or auric substance into the earth and again an exhalation.

This is an observation that is not easy to make. But once you have made it, once you have realized that the earth is actually constantly inhaling and exhaling spiritual substance, then you know how to apply it to all circumstances and, above all, to human life, as I have now explained. So with what I have indicated here in the drawing with arrows pointing inward, we enter into our physical body; with what I have indicated with arrows pointing outward, we come out again in death.

We are among ourselves, and I need not hold back on certain things. Therefore, in this case, I will tell you how I first came upon this fact years ago. These forces at work, the forces pulling in and pulling out, have to do not only with human life, but with all kinds of earthly conditions. Now, it was a particular mystery to me how this works with May beetles, forgive me, with May beetles. May beetles are extremely interesting because, as you may know from outward appearances, if there are a lot of May beetles in a given year, there will be a lot of grubs—the larvae of May beetles—in three to five years, and these grubs have an extremely negative impact on the potato harvest. You get very poor potato harvests when there are a lot of grubs. And anyone who has anything to do with potato farming knows that if there are a lot of May beetles in a given year, there will be a poor potato harvest in three to five years. I found this an interesting fact and then discovered that the life of the May beetles is connected with the substances they take in, and the life of the grubs with the substances they excrete. I just want to emphasize this as an example of how you can approach such things from completely different angles. The surest way to arrive at such things is not to look at them in the immediate object, but to look at them in a relatively indifferent object, toward which it is easiest to remain neutral. From this, however, you can see that these substances I have spoken of penetrate and even remain underground for a while. The substance that flows in this year only flows back after some time. This is also related to the fact that, in general, the substance that flows out is more sluggish than the substance that flows in. The substance that flows in is more lively and flows in more quickly; the substance that flows out is more sluggish and flows out more slowly.

If you observe human life closely, you can see how, when a human being leaves the universe to be born, they use the forces that are in the inflowing substance. Then, in later life, they lose their connection with this inflowing substance. As you can see from the observations, it is primarily the head that has to do with this inflowing substance. But the human head is a hard sphere. It is a hard sphere, and it is the part of the body that is most ossified in relation to all our other organs. Therefore, it loses its connection with these inflowing forces relatively early — not in childhood, but relatively early. That is why its formation and development are completed early.

During childhood, human beings are still in contact with these inflowing forces, but then they cease to have an influence on them; at least that is the case in our present cycle of time. It was not always so on Earth — I will talk about that in a moment — but it is so in our present cycle of time. But while humans live here on Earth, the rest of their organism, outside the head, takes hold of the substances that flow out, the forces of the substances that flow out. These forces permeate the rest of the organism, and these are the forces that, when heeded, can rejuvenate the rest of the organism from outside, as I indicated yesterday. These are the rejuvenating forces that act on the etheric body, which, as I said yesterday, really does become more and more chubby as we grow old physically. For those foreign friends who do not understand the word “chubby,” I would like to note that these are the cheeks of children, which are so rounded, as you see in pictures of blowing angels. So the human being becomes chubby as an etheric human being. In this process, which the etheric body undergoes in connection with the rest of the body, the forces emanating from the earth are at work, and it is these forces that we use when we pass through the gate of death in order to return to the cosmos, to the spiritual world.

You see, the earth is intimately involved in our lives. And everything I have just said is connected with something that can be easily expressed in an important, essential formula: We live as souls for a long time between death and rebirth before we enter physical life through this birth; we live again as souls when we have passed through the gate of death until our next incarnation into the world. The dead live a spiritual life. This spiritual life is connected to the stars, just as we are connected here to physical matter. Since our head is the embodiment of the forces we experience between death and a new birth, since we build our head, as it were, out of the forces of the world, our being, our own being, our soul-spiritual being finds its spiritual grave relatively early in our head. This is why we have the powers of our head here on earth, because our head is actually the grave of our soul life as we led it before birth or before conception. Our head is the grave of our spiritual existence. But by descending to Earth, the rest of our organism is able to resurrect us by absorbing the forces that flow back from the Earth into the world space in order to form its spiritual essence. And while our physical organism falls away from us, our spiritual life passes through world space into spiritual existence with our forces that flow out from the earth.

This is the wonderful polarity that prevails in relation to human beings in the universe. We become physical from the spirit by burying our spiritual nature in our heads; the head is the end of our spiritual existence before birth. Here on earth, it is the other way around: we leave the physical behind; the physical gradually decays during life, and the spiritual arises. So we can say that birth means the resurrection of the physical with the transformation of the spiritual into the physical; death means the birth of the spiritual, in that the physical is surrendered to the earth just as the spiritual is surrendered to the universe. By being born, we surrender our spiritual nature to the earth; by dying, we surrender our physical nature to the earth. By giving our spiritual nature to the earth through birth, we are physical human beings. By surrendering our physical nature to the earth through death, we are spiritual human beings in the time between death and a new birth. This is the polarity, the contrast. And our life here consists in developing our spiritual organism. But we can only develop it in the right way for our present earth cycle if we take into account what I explained yesterday: when we achieve that the two conflicting elements of human nature really come into correspondence with each other, that the life of the head and the life of the heart enter into a relationship with each other, that the shorter life of the head really becomes established in the whole human being, so that the whole human being can then rejuvenate during the life he has to live, when, in essence, his head has long since lost its mobility, its inner capacity for development.

It will be the task of educational science in particular in the future to make anthroposophically oriented spiritual science so fruitful that through all kinds of stories, through all kinds of things that are suitable for young people—but so suitable that they can retain their interest throughout their entire lives—human beings gain a sense of how they are built out of the universe, how they really emerge from the universe and how they in turn give back to the universe what they acquire here on earth. I ask you to do just one thing—I don't say think it through, because that doesn't help much, but rather feel it through, feel it deeply—to feel one thing deeply. Here, too, there is a point where natural science already touches upon what can be researched by the spiritual sciences. I have already mentioned how insightful geologists have already stated that the Earth is already on its deathbed. The Earth has passed the point where it was actually in the middle of its life as an earthly being. In the excellent book “The Face of the Earth” by Eduard Sueß, you can read how the geologist, the purely materialistic geologist Sueß, explains that when you walk across fields today and look at clods of earth, you are dealing with something that is dying, something that used to be different. It is dying. The earth is dying. We know this from spiritual science because we know that the earth will transform into another planetary existence, which we call the Jupiter existence. The earth as such is therefore dying. But human beings, or rather the human race as the sum of spiritual beings, do not die with the earth, but live on beyond the earth, as they lived before the earth was the earth, in the way I have described in my “Outline of Esoteric Science.” And so one can—as I said, not intellectually, but intuitively, emotionally—penetrate the idea: I am standing here on this earth; but this ground on which I stand, in which I will find my grave, this ground is something transitory in the cosmos.

How does this earth give rise to a new earth, a new planet that humanity will inhabit in the future? How does that come about? It comes about because we ourselves carry piece by piece toward this new planetary existence. We as human beings—the animal kingdom is also involved in this—prepare here during our physical life, by always carrying within ourselves what is actually destined for the next life. During our physical life, we are already preparing the next planet that will follow the existence of the Earth. The forces that are receding contain the future of the earth. We do not merely live in the present of the earth; we live in the future of the earth and must return to our incarnation because we still have various things to accomplish on earth, insofar as it will still exist. But we also live in the future of the earth. We have said that the earth breathes spiritual substance in and out. In the substance we breathe in, we carry the past and the laws of the past, the forces of the past. In the substance we breathe out, which the Earth gives back, we carry the future within us. The future of Earth's existence rests in the human race itself.

Think of this in a very emotional way, lovingly made fruitful, instead of all the foolish things that are conveyed to young people today; think of hundreds and hundreds of lively stories, parables, brought to life and taught to young people. Then think of what feelings human beings will have toward the universe, what needs to be done. What needs to be done if our culture is to progress, what needs to be done in concrete terms. This is very important to consider. And it can be considered all the more because it is connected with what I have called the rejuvenation of the human being. The fact that humanity today has come to such calamities is connected with the fact that it has lost the secret of transforming the life of the head into the life of the heart. We have almost no real life of the heart. What is usually meant by this is the life of the instincts, the life of desires, purely this, not the spiritual life of which we have spoken. People today let what flows out into the universe flow out quietly, without caring about it. They do not pay attention to it.

Some individuals pay attention to it instinctively. I have given examples of this in recent days, how some individuals pay attention to it instinctively, but in doing so differ greatly from others. You remember—I drew a comparison between Zeller and Michelet, the two Berlin professors—I said that I had spoken with Eduard von Hartmann about the two gentlemen at the moment when Zeller had just retired because, at the age of seventy-two, he no longer felt capable of giving his university lectures. But Michelet was almost ninety years old. And Hartmann said: “Now Michelet was there, and he just said to me: 'I don't understand Zeller, he's only seventy-two years old and he says he can't lecture anymore. I'm ready to lecture for another ten years!” And as he said this, he jumped around the room, delighted at all the things he would lecture on in the coming year, and couldn't understand how the boy Zeller, the seventy-two-year-old Zeller, could claim the right to retire and have nothing more to say to his students.

This staying young is something that has to do with a proper interaction between the head and the heart. Of course, this can happen in individual people, but on the whole it can only happen properly in individual people if it passes into our culture, if our whole culture is permeated by the principle of not just having a life of the head, but also a life of the heart. But to attain a life of the heart requires more patience, even though it is more fruitful and rejuvenating for life; it requires more patience than a life of the head. Life of the head—you see, you sit down and plod away. Despite all the talk of educators, we are encouraged to be “plodders” in our youth. For from earlier times, when things were still known atavistically, individual habits have been preserved, but people no longer associate any real meaning with such habits. I would like to remind you of one such habit.

Everything that has been preserved from relatively recent times, before materialism became complete, has a deeper meaning. Only in the last few decades has this been lost, but when I was young – a long time ago – we had, for example, ancient history in the second grade of secondary school; then in the fifth grade we had ancient history again. Those who enforced such laws at the time no longer knew what it was actually about, and the teachers who enforced them did not really do so in such a way that they developed an awareness of the reason behind it. For anyone who had been aware of this would have said to themselves: if I teach history to a boy in the second grade, he will learn it by heart, but what he takes in will take a few years to become part of his organism. That is why it is good to repeat the same thing in the fifth grade, because only then will what went into those poor heads three or four years ago bear fruit.”

The entire structure of the old grammar school was actually based on these things. The medieval monastery schools often still had traditions that had emerged from ancient wisdom, which is not ours, but which has been preserved atavistically from ancient times and which then resulted in institutions that were reasonable. The principle of patience is necessary if intellectual life is to pass into emotional life. For intellectual life quickly unites with the human being, but emotional life is slower, more sluggish, and one must wait. And yet today we want to understand everything immediately. Just think, a person today must surrender himself to the feeling that he is learning something, and then, in order to understand it completely, he must wait a few years. Well, in our age, such a principle is hardly compatible with people's feelings.

There are many other things that are compatible with people's feelings at present. We can see examples of this, and it is good to point them out. Two plays by personalities close to our society have now been performed in Zurich, and it has been widely suggested that the personalities in question have connections with the Dornach building, spiritual science, and so on, and in this case, to be completely fair, it must be said that these Zurich performances of Pulver and Reinhart have actually been very well received within Switzerland. But strange things can be observed in the correspondence that has come out of Switzerland. The foreign correspondents have behaved less, well, let's say less interestingly than the Swiss observers themselves in this case. I was given a newspaper in which these two Swiss premieres by Pulver and Reinhart are reviewed, and in which the correspondent in question cannot resist pointing out that the personalities in question are connected with our movement and have taken many things from our movement. But today, people are not only afraid of the “false objections of Gnosis,” as I mentioned yesterday, but they are afraid of spiritual life in general. If anything related to worldview plays a role in something, oh, that's terrible! And that is connected in particular with the fact that people have no feeling for this relationship between head life and heart life. Everything in human life today that exists outside the head is pure instinct and desire; it is not spiritual. That is why the life of desire and instinct rubs up against the mere life of the head. Intellectual life is very spiritual today, but it is constantly—I don't know if one can say that, but it is true—it is constantly being contaminated by the life of instinct and desire. That is why thoughts emerge in such a curious way. And this correspondent I am quoting, whose mind has been confused by his instincts, can perhaps best be judged by a characteristic sentence expressing his fear that these plays by the two gentlemen are about “questions of worldview.” Just think, this man manages to write the following:

“But Pulver's belief in Christ, if he wanted to recruit disciples from the stage, would have to arise from the depths of suffering and doubt. The star flower, which Reinhart's seekers of paradise pick from the window of his study in the first scene, should only bloom at the end, from a bleeding heart. “And now comes the sentence I mean: “Both poets already had their worldview fully formed in their minds when they began to write; it would have been better for their dramas if they had first had to discover their religion while writing.”

Now think about that for a moment: today, people manage to attack it as a major flaw when someone starts writing with a worldview! So you're supposed to sit down as an orphan boy facing the whole world, start scribbling away, and in the end, a worldview is supposed to emerge from your scribblings. Then you bring it to the theater, and then people are supposed to like it! Think about it, such foolish stuff is actually being spread in the world today, and many people don't even notice that such foolish stuff is being spread in the world.

Such things are connected with the fact that the life of the head is not processed by the whole human being. For it goes without saying that the writer of this article is also a very “intelligent person.” There is no doubt about that; he is indeed a very intelligent person; but it is of no use to be intelligent if that intelligence is merely head life. That is the important thing to bear in mind; it is extremely important.

Here we touch on a foundation that is necessary for our present culture. One can make such observations at every turn, I would say. Logical lapses are not made today because people lack logic, but because it is not enough to have logic. You can be a wonderfully logical person, do brilliantly in your exams, be a brilliant university professor of economics or any other subject, and yet, despite being a very clever person with all the logic in the world in your head, you can still make one blunder after another by failing to achieve anything that has anything to do with real life, if you don't have the patience to transfer what is grasped by the mind into the whole person, if you don't have the patience to appeal to the rejuvenating forces in human nature. That is what it is all about. Anyone who is truly involved in true science, such as spiritual science, knows that they would be ashamed to present something they found or learned today tomorrow, because they know that it has no value. It only has value after years. The conscientious spiritual researcher cannot present what he has only recently learned, but must keep things present in his soul again and again so that they can mature. At the very least, when he presents something he has recently gained, he must point this out specifically so that those who hear him become aware of it. But only when we take these requirements of human nature into account will we be able to see what is really necessary for the present. For what is necessary for the present does not lie in what is currently sought after, but in finer structures that are widespread throughout the world. There is really no need to touch on politics when pointing out the following, for example:

There are many people today—more than is good for the world, in any case—who believe that this war must be continued for as long as possible so that it may lead to universal peace; if it is ended too quickly, they argue, it will not serve the cause of peace! I do not wish to pass judgment on the value or worthlessness of the so-called peace negotiations between the Central Powers and Russia, but it is interesting to see what a curious logic can be developed in this context. I have been given an article that is extremely interesting in this regard, because the gentleman in question—whose name is irrelevant in this case—opposes a so-called special peace because he believes that such a special peace will not bring about world peace. Straight thinking, but thinking that has already gone a little deeper, might say: Well, perhaps we will make a little progress if we at least stop banging our heads together at one point. That might be straight thinking. But a non-straight thinking mind says: No, we must not stop at any point, because that will not bring about “general world peace.” And now the gentleman in question engages in interesting debates, that is, debates that interest him, about how people argue over words. He believes that those who say we must be enthusiastic about peace, even if it is only a special peace, are merely hypnotized by words. For we must not cling to words, but must get to the heart of the matter, and the matter is precisely that a special peace is detrimental to general world peace.

Among the various reasons given by the gentleman in question is the following sentence. An interesting sentence, and one that is quite characteristic of the present day! Yes, where should one begin in order not to make the matter so personal? Well: “Anyone who is honest will have to admit that this is the motive of many — not all! — is that they take such pleasure in a 'special peace' and in Lenin and Trotsky” — he means, in fact, that enthusiasm for the word ‘peace’ is the reason — ‘while at the same time they tirelessly shout against the ’anti-militarists' and show little favor toward our Lenins and Trotskyis. The gentleman in question is referring to Switzerland.

“But we, who are not fools for a word, but want the thing itself, who do not want German peace, but peace, we want universal peace. For us, the word 'special' is contradictory to the word 'peace.' If one looks at the matter, one must carefully distinguish between peace and peace! The article is also entitled “Peace and Peace.”

So the gentleman who rails against the idolatry of words throughout the article then writes the following sentence: “For us, the word ‘special’ is contradictory to the word ‘peace’. Separation is the principle of strife, not the principle of peace. After this world war, we need world peace, in which all peoples come together at the same time for a great understanding. What we see in Brest-Litovsk, this game played by a caste of diplomats well versed in all the tricks of the trade, with the naivety, idealism, and even dogmatism of the representatives of a new order, is a spectacle that cannot please anyone who wants ideals to remain pure. It is to be feared that we will end up with a devil's peace that will only give birth to a more terrible war instead of the peace of God that will finally put an end to all war."

This is certainly logical, for the article is written with great acumen; it is dazzlingly astute. This article, “Peace and Peace,” is even bold and courageous in the face of the prejudices of many people; but this logic is completely divorced from reality. For the connection with reality is only found through the correspondence we have spoken of: through the maturing of knowledge, through the maturing of reflection, of what the mind can experience in other people. And this maturing is something that, in the present day, one might say is lacking most of all in the most intelligent people. It is something that is connected with the deepest needs and deepest impulses of the present. The present day has no inclination whatsoever to engage in the study of these things. Of course, I do not mean that every individual can engage in such a study of these things; but those people whose profession is study should concern themselves with such things; then it would pass into the general consciousness of humanity. For journalists — with all due respect — write what they perceive to be the generally accepted opinion, don't they? If, instead of Wilsonianism or similar ideas, Mohammedanism were the generally accepted opinion today, European journalists would write something Mohammedan. And if spiritual science had already become habitual in human souls, the same journalists who today rail against spiritual science would, of course, write very well in the spirit of spiritual science. But today people are averse to this, especially those whose task it would be to deal with such things.

Human beings, as they stand here on this earth, are truly connected with the entire universe. And I said earlier that what is true today was not always true on earth. We are talking, at least among ourselves, about the most important things, preferably about the period since the great Atlantic flood, the deluge, one might say; geology calls it the Ice Age. We know that changes took place with humanity during this time, but before this time there was already humanity on Earth, albeit in a different form. You can read about how humanity lived then in “The Secret Science of the Umtiß.” The Atlantean development preceded the present development. For example, where the Atlantic Ocean is today, there used to be land. A large part of present-day Europe was then covered by the sea. During this Atlantean humanity, conditions on Earth were very different. The ancient Atlantean culture perished; the post-Atlantean culture took its place. But the Atlantean culture was followed by the so-called Lemurian culture, which also had several phases. So we can say that we now have the post-Atlantean culture, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth periods in which we now find ourselves. This is preceded by the Atlantean culture with its seven periods (see illustration); this is preceded by the Lemurian culture with its seven periods. Let us consider the seventh period of Lemurian culture. It lies approximately 25,900 years before our time. It was around 25,000 to 26,000 years ago that this seventh period of Lemurian time came to an end on Earth.

As strange as it may sound, there is a certain similarity between this seventh Lemurian period and our own period. Similarities can always be found between successive periods, similarities of the most diverse kinds. We have found an obvious similarity between our time and the Egyptian-Chaldean period. Now let us speak of one that goes further. There is also an external cosmic similarity. You know that our present period, which began approximately in the 15th century of the Christian era, is connected with the cosmos in that since that time the sun has had its spring point in Pisces, in the constellation of the fish. Previously, for 2,160 years, the sun had its spring point in the constellation of Aries. Here in this seventh Lemurian period (left), similar conditions prevailed; twelve periods ago, the sun was in the same position. So towards the end of the Lemurian period, conditions were similar to those we have now.

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However, this similarity contains a significant difference. What we acquire today in terms of inner spiritual power and mental experiences, as we have just described in these considerations, was also experienced by the Lemurian human beings of that time, but they experienced it in a different way. As you can read in my book “An Outline of Esoteric Science,” Lemurian human beings were of a completely different nature than human beings today. That which could penetrate into them from the universe really did penetrate, so that Lemurian humans acquired approximately the same wisdom that modern humans acquire through their heads, but it flowed into them from the universe; in this respect it was different. Their heads were still open, still receptive to the conditions of the universe. That is why clairvoyant powers existed in ancient times. People did not explain things to themselves logically. They did not learn them, but saw them because they entered their minds from the cosmos, whereas today they can no longer do so. For what enters ceases relatively early in youth; as I have said, the mind is no longer in such an intimate relationship with the universe. That is how it is in the present age. It was not so in the past; in the past, the human head was still in a much more intimate relationship with the universe, and the head still received world wisdom; it did not lack the logic that is lacking today in what human beings acquire themselves. That primordial wisdom was truly inspired, coming to human beings from outside, originating in the divine worlds. Modern human beings are averse to considering this, because they believe — forgive me if I express myself somewhat drastically again — that since they have been on earth, they have always had skulls as hard as they are today. But that is not true. The human head only closed at a relatively late stage; in ancient times, the human head was receptive to cosmic influences. Now only an atavistic remnant remains. Everyone knows that when they look at a child's head — a real child's head, not one like adults have — there is still a soft spot. This is the last remnant of that openness to the cosmos, where in ancient times the cosmic forces worked in a certain way from the cosmos into the head and gave human beings cosmic wisdom. At that time, human beings did not yet need that correspondence with the heart, because they had a small heart in their head, which today has atrophied and become rudimentary.

This is how human beings change. But as conditions on Earth change, human beings must understand this and change themselves, adapting to new conditions. We would have remained under the control of the cosmos if our heads had not become ossified. This has closed us off from the universe and enabled us to develop an independent ego within ourselves. It is important that we realize this. We can develop an independent self within ourselves because we have been given this hard physical skull. And the last remnants of memories, of living memories of the ancient wisdom – when did they actually disappear from humanity? They actually only disappeared in the period that preceded ours, in the fourth post-Atlantean period, during the Greco-Roman culture. However, people already had closed skulls at that time, but there was still primordial wisdom preserved in the mysteries, which came from very ancient times, from the period that preceded the Lemurian Age of Pisces, from the Lemurian Age of Aries.

In the Lemurian age, what humans could have from their ego at that time was revealed to them from the cosmos; their innermost soul power was revealed to them from the cosmos. This came to an end in the fourth post-Atlantean period, in the Greek-Latin era. Heaven closed its last door to humans. But in return, it sent down its greatest messenger at precisely that time, so that human beings on earth could find what they had previously received from heaven: Christ. In this sense, the mystery of Golgotha is also a cosmic fact, in that human beings would have lost what had previously been revealed to them from heaven, cosmically revealed, since the Lemurian era. Then the impulse appears that can reveal it to him from the earth. But human beings must gradually develop what has been revealed from the earth in the Christ impulse, and develop it precisely by entering into the rejuvenation we have just spoken about.

This development of the human being is connected with the fact that today we actually carry within us something that can be described as quite wonderful. I already mentioned this in yesterday's reflections: the knowledge of our time is the most spiritual that can exist; but human beings do not realize this because they do not allow it to mature. What we can know about nature today is much more spiritual than what was known before. What was known before brought certain realities down from the cosmos. In the stars, as I mentioned, medieval scholasticism still saw English intelligences. Modern astronomy, of course, sees no English intelligences, but rather something that can be calculated using mathematics or mechanics; but I would say that what was seen earlier has been sifted through, sifted through to the last bit of spirit. It took all of Novalis's amiable genius to see this correctly. In Novalis' aphorisms you will find the beautiful saying – I have mentioned it often –: “Mathematics is basically a great poem.” But to understand how mathematics, which is used to calculate the worlds of the stars and their course, is a great poem, one must be a poet, not like today's naturalists, but a poet like Novalis. Then one stands in awe before the poetry of mathematics. For mathematics is imagination. Mathematics is not something observed by the senses; it is imagination. But it is the ultimate product of imagination that still has a connection with immediate external reality. Mathematics is, in fact, Maja sifted through and through. And if one gets to know it, not merely with the schoolmasterly sense that rules the world today, but if one gets to know mathematics in its essence, if one gets to know mathematics in what it can reveal, then one indeed gets to know something in it that has as little reality as the reflection we see of ourselves in the mirror, but which nevertheless tells us something, which tells us a great deal under certain circumstances. But of course, if you regard the reflection as ultimate reality, you are a fool. And if you even begin to try to converse with the reflection because you confuse it with reality, then you are not looking for reality in the right place. Nor can you find reality in what mathematics calculates in astronomy. But reality is already there. Just as a reflection does not exist without reality, so the whole of spiritual existence, which is calculated purely mathematically, is there. It is only completely sifted through and must return to reality.

Precisely because our time has become so abstract, so purely intellectual, it has an enormous spiritual content. And there is actually nothing as finely spiritual as our present science; only people do not know this and do not appreciate it. Admittedly, it is almost comical to be a materialist with regard to present science, for one is actually a strange fellow traveller in life if one is a materialist with regard to present science, but almost all scholars are such fellow travellers. If one asserts, based on the concepts that present-day science can develop, that there is only a material existence, this is actually comical; for if there were only a material existence, one could never assert that there is a material existence. The fact that one makes the assertion, “There is a material existence,” is the most subtle mental act that can exist; it alone is proof that there is not merely a material existence! For no human being could assert that there is a material existence if there were only a material existence. One can assert all sorts of other things, but one can never assert that there is a material existence if one assumes only a material existence. By asserting that there is only a material existence, one actually proves that one is talking nonsense. For if what one asserts were true, if there were only material existence, then nothing could ever arise out of this material existence that would become, somewhere in a human being, the assertion that is a purely spiritual process: There is material existence.

From this you can already see that no logical proof has ever been given that the world is of the spirit, except in our time by science, which does not believe in it—that is, which does not really believe in itself—and by the whole age, which does not believe in itself. Only because humanity has become more and more spiritualized from epoch to epoch, only because we have finally brought ourselves to have such refined concepts as we have in the present, has humanity come to see purely the thoroughly sifted concepts and, out of its own will, connect them to the powers of the heart. But this is also clearly evident in external life, it is also evident in the great catastrophic events.

For if one really studies history, there is a great difference between what is now called the present world war, which is not really a war but something else—I have spoken of this often—and earlier wars. People are not yet attentive to these things today, but this difference is already evident in everything that is happening. One could cite many things to prove that this is the case. But there are now many people who speak in such an unclear manner from the standpoint of a very special acumen, like the man in the article from which I read you a sentence. For this present acumen leads people to repeat the peculiar statement over and over again: this war must be prolonged as long as possible so that the best possible peace can be achieved. No one would have said this about previous wars; no one would ever have spoken this way. In many other respects, too, people would not have spoken as they do today. For, as I said, people do not yet notice this, but it is nevertheless true: if you take all previous wars, you will always find—I could cite hundreds of examples to prove this, but I will mention only two—that in previous wars, people were always able to express in some way why they were waging war. They wanted something specific, something that could be clearly defined and described. Can people today do that? Do they do it above all else? A large proportion of those who are heavily involved in the war do not. No one knows what is actually behind it all. And when someone says they want this or that, it is usually phrased in such a way that the other person has no idea what they want.

This was certainly not the case in previous wars. You can go through the entire history of the world and you will not find this. You can take any tragic events from the past—I would mention the Tartar and Mongol invasions of Europe—and you will always find that there were very specific things that could be clearly formulated, that could be understood, and from which one could define what was actually happening. Where is there today a really clear definition of what is actually happening, a really clear description?

That is one thing. But now, to say something else: What was usually the consequence of wars in earlier times? One could cite hundreds of things, but I will mention two: What was the consequence of wars in earlier times? Look wherever you want: certain territorial changes that people then accepted. How do people feel about these things today? They all say: Yes, there must be no territorial changes. But then one asks oneself: What is the point of it all? Basically, compared to earlier times, the situation is such that people cannot wage war for what they used to wage war for, because that cannot exist anymore. The moment it is supposed to exist in some way, people immediately declare: That cannot exist. So, according to the prevailing impulses, there can never be peace; because if everything were left as it is, there would have been no point in starting in the first place. But since we have started and still want to leave everything as it is, we cannot stop, because otherwise there would have been no point in starting!

These things are abstract, paradoxical, but they correspond to profound realities; they really correspond to conditions that should be considered for the time being. So that one must already say: What is being discussed here as a lack of correspondence between people of the head and people of the heart is a world-historical event today. - And on the other hand, one can say: People today are in a very special stage of development; they cannot cope with their thoughts in a human way. - That is the most significant characteristic of our time. People cannot cope with their thoughts in a human way. Everything has changed, and people do not yet want to pay attention to the fact that everything has changed.

So we are not merely dealing with something that has significance within the realm of worldview questions, but with something that is truly profound and deeply affecting for the broadest and most oppressive event of our time. People can no longer connect their souls to their own thoughts. And that is what can show us how not only the individual human being, but humanity as a whole, has in a certain way forgotten how to appeal to the forces of rejuvenation. Humanity will not be able to extricate itself from this state easily. It will only be able to do so when it believes in rejuvenating forces, when much of what can no longer be rejuvenated has been completely eradicated. Whether we look at the individual human being or at what is happening around us, we find the same thing everywhere. We find a sifted-through intellectual wisdom, a sifted-through intellectual life, without the will to let things mature through heart experience. But this is something so deeply connected with the needs of the general development of humanity that human beings should direct their strongest attention to it in the present and for the near future.

We have already mentioned this frequently from various points of view. This in particular can indicate to us that spiritual science must indeed enter the world today, I would say as something abstract; but it is fruitful, it can transform the world by sending its impulses into the real, concrete conditions of life. Humanity would face sad times if people continued to have no faith in growing old, if they wanted to remain stuck in what I would call the short-lived mind. For I have already said: the extreme limit of what the short-lived mind can achieve is abstract socialism, which does not arise from concrete circumstances. But in the end, that is the only thing people believe in. Philosophers today often claim that only matter exists, because of their refined spirituality. But they would have to abandon this judgment immediately, because it is nonsense. In the general world conditions, we have arrived at the driving forces of the present so-called war, from which there is no escape, just as there is no escape from the statement: There is only matter. For the present is spiritual, and this spirituality needs condensation, needs power, so that it can intervene in reality. Otherwise, it remains a mere reflection. Humanity works today as if it did not want to work with real people somewhere in a workshop, but as if it believed it could work with reflections in a workshop.

This is the case with the most extreme form of intellectualism, socialism, which is so appealing to large masses because it is a logical intellectual experience, a pure logical intellectual experience. But if this logical head experience does not come together with the spiritual nature of other people — what does it come together with? We have mentioned this often, even today: it comes together with blind drives and instincts, and the result is an impure mixture between the head experience, which is actually entirely spiritual, and the blindest instincts and drives. Now they want to unite this in the East in terms of world history. A socialist theory, a mere intellectual experience that has nothing to do with the real concrete conditions of the East, something that is thought up by people like Lenin and Trotsky, has nothing to do with what is actually developing as needs in the East. For if Lenin and Trotsky, instead of going to Russia, by some strange chain of circumstances, they would believe that they could introduce the same conditions there as they wanted to introduce in Russia; they fit Australia and South America just as well and just as badly as they fit Russia; they fit just as well on the moon, because they do not fit any concrete, real conditions. Why? Because they are from the head, and the head is not of the earth. Perhaps they would fit better on the moon precisely because they are from the head. The head is not of the earth. The fact that they seem plausible stems precisely from the fact that they are very similar to the head. But here on earth, what is related to the earth must be grounded, and spirituality must also be found that is connected to the future of the earth in the way we have described today.

This leads to very significant, profound things. And when one considers them, one sees how little inclined people of the present day actually are to engage with these things. And they are as necessary as daily bread, for otherwise human development will either fall into a pitfall or reach a dead end if what leads to rejuvenation is not found.

It is a broad topic. One can only touch on all these things. I am afraid I have already spoken too long today, but I wanted to say at least a few things.

I now have all sorts of needs for the few days we have left together: First, I would like to talk about illustrative art. Then, because I believe that some things can indeed become very understandable for the present, even much more understandable, if one looks at some things in the past, I would like to speak to you twice about history. First, I would like to talk about the conditions in Europe in the 9th century, because I will be able to touch on some things that may be important for you to know; and then, in a second lecture, I would like to talk about the age of Christian Rosenkreutz.