A Sound Outlook for To-day and a Genuine Hope for the Future
GA 181
6 August 1918, Berlin
VII. Problems of the Time II
You will have seen in the last lecture that efforts were directed towards presenting certain conceptions (which we can make our own out of Spiritual Science), in such a way that they can be of service to us in grasping what surrounds us, daily and hourly, in present-day civilisation. If We want to add yet another to these considerations, as a final one, it can be summed up only thus: significant characteristics of our present time have been selected and brought into connection in various ways with what has sounded forth as the keynote of these studies.
If we determine to keep in mind what seems to stand out particularly in our time, we shall find that of all the limiting and hindering factors to-day, the worst is that the mode of thought and comprehension evolved during the recent centuries leads men to have little foresight of coming events. This is shown by the fact that most events come as a surprise, in the most curious way, and it is quite impossible to gain credence for anything that is foreseen. It is considered inevitable that remarkable events should take people by surprise. Speak of what is to come, and people are astonished , or they make ironical remarks about the apparent longing for some sort of prophecy. Suppose that anyone wished to call attention to conclusions such as may result from hypotheses like those we have lately brought forward here—for instance, what now looms over the world from the Far East—he would at present encounter little understanding or belief, although the fact already throws its shadow all too clearly before it. Far too little need is felt for a clear view into things. Connected with this is man's disinclination to admit the truths which, within the only circles open to them, point to future events.
Of course there is no question here of any kind of “soothsaying”; or of any sort of prophecy in the bad sense, but always an earnest, scientific method of thought and conviction derived from Spiritual Science. If we wish to ruminate upon the causes of this trend of the present day characteristic just mentioned, we may perhaps have to go far afield for them. Man as a rule is absolutely unconscious how far the causes of the thing lie from what appears as its effects . He generally looks for the causes much too near at hand.
If we are to look for causes of what has just been described, they must be sought in a tendency deeply ingrained in the human soul at the present time—a tendency towards dead conceptions and ideas devoid of life and vigor. It should be comprehensible that to think of the future, the imminent, with the same ideas as on the past, the determined, is impossible; but at the present time, value is attached only to what, in the current phrase can be “proved” and this question of proof is tied down to the special kind of proof which is popular today. Anyone who rightly understands this kind of proof knows that it applies only to truths connected with things in the universe which are in the process of dying. Therefore the only science or knowledge desired in the present age is concerned with what is dying and perishing—especially so in the case of those who claim to be the most enlightened. They welcome only a will bent in that direction. If we are not conscious of this, we are really preferring—in the widest sense of the words—to deal only with what is passing away. We lack the courage to think in terms of growing, becoming, for what is growing refuses to be grasped with the narrow, limited conceptions capable of being “proved”, which are suitable for what is passing away. So people protect themselves against the reproaches which are really implicit in what I have just pointed out.
To speak against these things, as one must do, involves the danger of incurring the reproach of frightful fantasy, dilettantism, or perhaps even worse. Conceptions are sought which protect people from the obligation of thinking about anything fruitful, or endowed with seeds of life for the future. One idea, according to this view, must be received by those who hold themselves to be among the really intelligent leaders of thought: the idea of “the conservation of matter and energy” as understood at the present time. Quite comprehensibly, everyone is adjudged to be a duffer who does not admit this indestructibility of force and matter to be a truth underlying the whole of science. Yet it is a fact that if we sound the depths of a real view of the universe, what we call matter and force are perishable and transitory; and all science, all knowledge attainable on the subject, our investigations into the transitory. Because it is insisted that science has to be concerned with that, and that only, it is dogmatically asserted that something solid, something permanent and there must be: either matter—In spite of its being transitory—or energy. This law of the permanence of matter and energy plays a great part even for those who are not concerned to analyze it scientifically; such a part that is clothes everything with mystery. Our scientific education is such that the dregs of opinion on the subject of the conservation of matter and energy penetrate our popular literature and are treated by the ordinary reader as something obvious.
Now we know, through a cold science, of the Saturn, Sun, Moon and Earth-developments. Nothing of what is now called matter and energy will pass beyond the Venus evolution. Hence the most lasting kind of matter, that which reaches Venus, will then come to an end. We have just passed the middle of our world-evolution, as we view it, and are in the fifth period of the earth-evolution, beyond the middle of that; and we are already living in the setting.: that is, in the time of devolution, in which the vanishing of matter and energy comes to pass. The right you take as we studied physics and chemistry would be this—that the knowledge acquired through these sciences bears only upon the transitory, which at latest will disappear from the universe with the Venus-stage. In the whole purview the present-day science there is nothing which deals with the permanent; because by means of the ideas and concepts that can be “proved” in a manner favored today, it is impossible to discover only what in this sense is transitory. Man moves only in the transitory.
An essential reform is necessary in our ideas concerning this most essential sphere, and those who consider themselves particularly scientific have the most to learn before they can replace their current notions with correct ones.—Now why am I saying this, seeing that the matter in its general bearing may not perhaps seem particularly important?
It really is important, because according to the concepts which men assimilate in the way I have described, other concepts are formed in conformity with which they will; they direct their will-power. From the mode of thought thus acquired are begotten social and political concepts. These latter shape themselves in accordance with the characteristic use made of such forces—a use consisting in this, that only the transitory is dealt with in such conceptions, and this habit spreads into ideas concerned with the living. This crops up in a particularly striking way as we look at the main points of the programms put forth by many who confidently regard themselves as the very last word in advanced thought. For instance, the schemes of many Socialists, very much in the public eye nowadays, all more or less adopt the theory of Karl Marx as a starting-point. This theory is the calamity of Russia two-day, because—for reasons I explained last time—what happens there according to historical premises can ensue elsewhere from Marxism. This way of looking at things is an extreme form of the determination to deal only with transitory. Anyone who familiarizes himself with the ideas of this school knows that the fanatical adherents of Marxism imagine themselves to be possessed of the ideas of the future, whereas they have only such as are directed to the transitory. This stands out naïvely in the so-called socialist view of life, for throughout it refuses admittance to ideas with a fruitful bearing on the future. It preaches the blessing of having none! The formula is repeated in many different ways:—Get rid of everything at present existing; then, of itself, without any reflection on the matter, something will result from the welter. This is unequivocally stated. But although it comes from the looks of those who have been brought up in Church doctrines for centuries and who do nothing but trace the events of the last centuries according to the Church, they must nevertheless say the following.—In truth this view refuses to entertain ideas with any germ of life in them: the only ones it admits are concerned with what is passing away; and the only effect of these ideas is to complete the process of destruction. Men believe they possess productive thoughts; that is all to no purpose unless the concepts are rooted in reality. These ideas are useless for establishing anything new; all they can accomplish is to turn destruction into an institution. This Socialism seems to me like a lady (a bygone person to-day) who cannot endure a crinoline. She hates the wide skirt and wants to alter it. But what does she do? She pads it out; so that it looks just as before, but is a stuffed out with wadding inside. Just so these Socialists: they never think of fertilizing what history has achieved with new concepts; they leave it alone—and themselves take the place of the former administrators. They hang on to the crinoline, but stuff it out. Look even at extremist views—they are simply a longing to administer what is perishing and dying out! To what is this due?
It is due to the fact that with the concepts of present-day science, concerned merely with things of the senses, based on the intellect, taking account only of material perception, all that one can encounter is the transitory, not the living. Only what is already dying can be grasped; nothing that is seed-bearing, growing. For the germinating, growing element must be grasped at least through Imagination, the first stage of higher knowledge; as described, for instance, in the book, “Knowledge of Higher Worlds.” And to attain to still higher knowledge of the “becoming”—Inspiration and Intuition must be applied. Those who approach such things with the outfit of ideas held hitherto may talk as much as they wish—they are only talking of laws which apply to what is on the way to destruction, unless they let themselves admit what super-sensible knowledge alone can reveal as the “becoming”. Things too-they are on a razor's edge. It is impossible to know anything on certain subjects, and civilization must fall into chaos if we are satisfied to live in it without admitting any vision of the spiritual.
What we need, and what is striven for through Spiritual Science, is a sort of revival of the Mysteries, in a form adapted to the modern mind. Unless we understand the meaning of the ancient mysteries, we shall not fathom the meaning of the epoch which is intermediate between them and what must come as the new form of the Mysteries. Comprehension of all this is necessary. The most startling experience for the pupils of the old Mysteries was to be shown clearly how the old atavistic, clairvoyant, hidden knowledge was doomed to extinction. This could not be grasped by observation, it had to be revealed in the Mysteries, where people were shown that something different from the old clairvoyant vision into the Spiritual World's was destined to become man's possession. There it was disclosed to the pupils of the Mysteries that this old capacity of the human soul, this vision of cosmic expanses in Imaginations, was dedicated to death. This was made them somewhat in the following way.—What can be perceived by physical senses on earth is not the content of the genuine Mysteries of the earth-existence; this is revealed only when the human soul ascends in the clairvoyant contemplation to Mysteries of the cosmos, of the super-earthly, and the cosmic events beyond the sphere of earth, unfold before it.—The ancient seers grasped all that, but not what happened on earth. The pupils of the tapestries were shown depth knowledge of that type, ascending into the Cosmos, would no longer be possible; and still more was disclosed to those who were to penetrate into the Christ-Mystery.
Something like this conception came to them: “Although the old seers did not speak of ‘the Christ,’ their inspirations came from the world in which Christ always was, for He is a Cosmic Being. He dwells in everything Cosmic and universal, in the whole content of man's old atavistic clairvoyant vision; but from the time when the Mystery of Golgotha is due to be enacted, all this will be no longer accessible to mankind in the old way.”
What happened? The Christ descended from the world of the cosmos to the earth. Because the cosmos was no longer accessible to men as in ancient times, because Christ was no longer to be found in the old way, because the kind of knowledge and state of soul with which men had formerly looked at the world was dying out, but Christ had to come down to them. He came to the earth. Everything, therefore, which enlightened spirits had ever known of the spiritual world in ancient times through the pagan tapestries and through pagan Mystery-knowledge, was summed up in the Christ, and could be beheld in Him. The one all-important thing was to recognize the Cosmic Being, Who in Christ descended to the earth from the cosmos. That was one point.
The other was this. Remember that through the intellect and of the senses only the transitory can be observed in all the array of systems, whether of nature, of social structures or of civilizations, and that transitory knowledge will endure no farther than the Venus-existence. But learned men, believing that their ideas point to the future, are very often immersed in what is passing away. And what the senses perceive and the intellect grasps there is no seed of the future; all of it is doomed to perish. If the only knowledge were concerned with that, there would be nothing but knowledge of death; because the actuality which surrounds us is itself doomed to death. Where shall we find the “enduring”? Where is the imperishable which shall outlast this existence, apparently permanent but doomed to die? While Adamson forces, to which materialistic superstition attributes permanence, betray their impermanence and fall to ruin, where is the imperishable to be found?
In man alone! Amongst all the beings, animals, plants, minerals, air, water, and everything that perishes, there is but one thing which will outlast the Earth-evolution and the evolution to follow it—that which lives in man himself. Man alone on earth bears within him an enduring element. One cannot speak of the permanence of atoms, matter, force, but only of the permanence of something in Man. This, however, can be seen only through Imagination, Inspiration and Intuition. All else, perceived by our vision, is fleeting. The material, the physical, is entirely transient; the super-sensible, which outlives it, can be perceived only by super-sensible vision. In man, as he treads the earth, lies all that will be saved out of the entire Earth-existence. If we asked: “Where is the germ of something which will continue to grow on after the Earth, Jupiter, and Venus developments—from the present civilization into the future?” The answer must be: “In nothing external on earth; only in man”. In the part of his being accessible only to super-sensible knowledge, man is the cradle of the seed for the future. Only someone who is willing to include the super-sensible in his view is able to speak correctly of the future; otherwise he must err. Thus the Christ, dissenting from worlds becoming more and more inaccessible to human knowledge, had to unite Himself with Mankind—to take up His abode in Jesus of Nazareth and become Christ-Jesus, so that in a human body there might dwell that which bears within it the future of the Earth-development. So we have in Christ the Cosmic Being, that Cosmic Being whom ancient knowledge alone could grasp directly; and in the Jesus to whom the Christ came, we have what henceforth bears within it, in human will alone, the seed for the future. He cannot be comprehended purely as “Christ”, nor as “Jesus”. To speak of the “Christ” only, is not to comprehend Him; for the “Christ” of—for example—the old Docetics (a certain sect of Gnostics) belongs to the old atavistic clairvoyance and can no longer be laid hold of. And “Jesus” cannot be understood without taking into account the Christ Who drew into him. Unless we give due weight to this fact of the Christ in Jesus, we cannot grasp that only through the human seed on earth can the cosmic be saved for the future.
To understand how far Christ-Jesus is this double Being is a great task; but at the same time many have taken pains to create obstacles to such an understanding. In modern times it has been a question of inducing forgetfulness of indwelling of Christ in Jesus by all sorts of means. On one hand there is the extreme theological teaching which only and always speaks of “the simple man of Nazareth”, the man of physical nature, not of that Man who has in himself the seed for the future. Further, there is the Society founded to combat the Christ, and with that came to set up a false picture of Jesus: the Jesuit Society, which virtually aims at testing out the Christ-concept from the Christ-Jesus concept, and to install Jesus alone as an absolute ruler of developing humanity. We must see the connection of all this, for the different impulses here pointed out work and present-day life more than is supposed, and very intensely. Without open eyes and a longing to understand the concrete events around one, it is impossible not to be taken by surprise by what happens; a clearer view of such things as I have mentioned will be lacking. Our own time is in many respects too indolent to wish to achieve clarity; the concepts of Spiritual Science are too hard to compass, and are stigmatized status dilettante, unscientific, fantastic and the like. They are condemned for the reason, I have mentioned, because of the determination to take no account of what is really significant for the future.
Thus we see around us to-day this dreary waste in the midst of the chaos into which the old religious creeds and currents of thought have led. Within this chaos, which people with curious supposed to call “war” (a work which has ceased to be applicable for a long time now), we see an array of lifeless, barren thoughts and ideas, because fertile ones can come only from comprehension of the super-sensible, the spiritual. Man two-day has to choose between cultivating the vanishing, the dying, ending by becoming a pupil of Lenin—it's taking into account the super-sensible, wherein abides what has to come in the future. I am not referring simply to the London works his mischief now in Eastern Europe—I taken more as a symbol, for we have many such Lenins around us and the whole environment of our daily life, in one domain or another. Yet the world refuses to take in hand anything except what is dying.
Remember something I once pointed out here, ‘the plant lives,’ I said; it can be described as a living being. But what does ordinary science describe as the plant? Not what lives in it, for that of super-sensible; but the dead, literal part of it, which “fills out” the living element. We find nothing else described by modern science but the mineral filling of the living being, which brings death to it. Genuinely fruitful concepts regarding nature are consequently unattainable to-day. The concepts of present-day botany have no life. All that they describe as something filled out with a stony mineral substance, which circulates inside. That can be described equally well in the animal and in man. All three kingdoms become entirely different as soon as one gets away from this circulating mineral substance.
For instance, a certain Herr Uexküll has written an article on “The Controversy about the Animal Soul”. He is possessed by masochistic savagery as regards all knowledge of the soul, or anything that suggests it. I said “masochistic savagery” because in this article he writes: “It is impossible to decide whether a soul exists or not: all that can be decided is that science can settle nothing on the subject”—an ordinary savage kills; but anyone who is masochistically savage, like this Herr von Uexküll, only “probes” the dead and makes sneering remarks. That is thoroughly typical of modern science; but it is not noticed, because nobody wants to admit it. People refuse to breakthrough the dividing wall between themselves and their environment; hence they cannot reach the ideas they really need in order to learn once more how to understand their environment.
We know from spiritual science that the essential being of man, the kernel of his life, descends from the spiritual worlds, and unites itself with what surrounds him as a bodily-material chief between birth and death, or rather between conception and death. The problems of conception, of birth, of embryology, are investigated to-day; but they cannot be truly investigated, because the research is directed only to the dead part of man, which is embedded in the living. This path will never lead to a grasp of what alone can make the human being understandable. When Man the Suns in this way from the spiritual world, he is “received” by father and mother, and goes through all the stages of his embryonic development. Science two-day assumes that the parents give the child existence; and since father and mother are the center of the family, and the family is the foundation of the community, therefore the communities, which are extended families, consider men as their own property. Thus a galling idea is brought into modern life—but it is not really true.
What, then, does the act of conception bestow upon man? What does he gain? A Spiritual Science shows, what he receives is the possibility of becoming a mortal being—of dying. You will see, if you think of what is to be found in my various books, that it is the necessary consequence. With conception there is implanted in man what makes his death possible here on earth. The whole of life from birth is a development towards death, and the seed of death is implanted at conception. What man is as “man”, as a living being, is not by any means engendered at conception; but the possibility of death is thereby grafted onto what would otherwise be immortal. Parents are called to give death of a child! That is the paradox—they give it a opportunity of bearing a mortal body on earth. What lives in that body comes from the spiritual world. This is what makes the organism—the whole mechanism with which man is clothed and which was received by him with seed of death at conception—capable of life. We must learn to recognize man in his most concrete embodiment as a part of spiritual world-development. Then we shall learn not to stand before the loftiest problems with cowardly fear, past present-day science does, but to grasp them positively. If we shrink back from them, we shall fail to understand even our immediate environment.
Round about us to-day, live the most varied peoples. Just think of the incorrect ideas, for example, created by Woodrow Wilson out of his conception of nations and the peoples—a theme with which you are familiar. We must be quite clear that we cannot understand this conception of the people unless we take in the whole of earth-evolution. Whence comes, then, a division of humanity into “peoples”? We know from Spiritual Science of evolution proceeded through a Saturn-embodiment of the Earth, then the Sun-embodiment, with the ancient Moon following that, and then the present Earth-condition; afterwards will come a Jupiter-embodiment, and so forth. The course of evolution, however, was not so straightforward that the old Saturn-body simply changed into Sun, Moon, Earth; at one time a severance of the present Sun from the Earth took place, then a severance of the present Moon, so that we have a continuous evolution, and something which was cut off reunited, and once again severed. A connection with what I have just called “Cosmic Evolution” this severance plates part in the old clairvoyance. And for the old clairvoyance the human seed the future remained “chthonic”, as it was called in the old clairvoyance is, quite unconscious. For what comes from the universe was destined to decay; it was maintained only because it had come under the grip of the Luciferic power. In this way, out of the cosmos reform the many variations in the nations and peoples, but the cosmic forces were impregnated with Luciferic forces. Over against these diverse peoples stand something which was understood in a better time than this—universal humanity. It has a totally different origin. It may be discussed in the abstract, but can be truly spoken of only as one genuinely understands what the seed of the future in humanity is . It has no taint of Nation or peoples; for it is that which did not come down from the Cosmos but which the Christ came to find, and with which He indicted Himself. Christ, unlike the Jehovah-Deity, United Himself with no nation but with universal humanity. He was in the confraternity of those Gods from whom the nations took their rise, but He left that realm when it was ready to pass away; He came to earth and took up His abode in humanity at large. When we say, “Not I but Christ in us”, it is the greatest blasphemy against Christ-Jesus to invoke Him for any need other than that of universal humanity.
A grasp of this fact belongs to the most momentous concepts for the future. We must perceive the connection of Christ Jesus with humanity, and also how everything purely national lies outside the realm of Christ-Jesus, for it is the ancient remains of what was right for extinction at the time of the Mystery of Golgotha. Yet, as we see withered fruit in the orchards, so do all things linger on after their right time. So we were bound to get the science which is concerned only with knowledge of what is on the way to extinction, and which—whether it be natural science or social science—deals and ideas that apply only to the transient, in nature or in cultural life. Often in the history of civilization one can see the conflict between the tendency to cling to what is passing away, and to present as important the dead, abstract ideas connected with it, and the wish to grasp that germinal essence of humanity which alone is pregnant of the future. I have often referred to the significant conversation between Goethe and Schiller when both were in Jena for a conference of a natural history society, at which Batsch the botanist had lectured on plants. As they left, Schiller said to Goethe, “The botanist's outlook dismembers everything; it ignores the connecting links”. Goethe, in a few descriptive sentences, put before Schiller his “Metamorphosis” of plants, but the latter said, “That is not an experience more observation—it is an idea.” To which Goethe answered “Then I see my ideas with my very eyes.” What he had been describing was visible to him, as real as a thing perceptible by physical senses. They confronted one another—Schiller, representative of the mind unable to look up to the spiritual, bemused by dead, abstract ideas; and Goethe, who wished to derive from knowledge of nature what is imperishable, vital for the future, the imperishable in humanity, of which all that is transient is merely an image. He wanted to unite the transient with its archetype, the real. He was not understood, for he looked on the super-sensible, the imperishable, as though it were perceptible to the senses. Thus the urgent need of our time is that Goethe's teaching should be more widely developed and further elaborated in its own sphere. Then things will become clearer, and we shall see that the particular creeds, whether Jewish, or more particularly the Catholic, are only the presuppositions of what is old and outworn, standing out in evolution as parched remnants, supported only from outside; and that side-by-side with these, interpenetrating them, stands Americanism, which wishes to carry the transient into the future. Therein lies the kinship between Americanism and Jesuitism, of which I spoke last time.
Standing in opposition to all this is Goetheanism. By this I do not mean anything dogmatically fixed, for we have to use names for things which far transcend them. By “Goetheanism” I do not mean what Goethe brought up to 1832, but what will perhaps be thought in the next millennium in the spirit of Goethe; which may develop out of Goethe's views, concepts and sentiments. It may be concluded, therefore, that in everything connected with Goetheanism, outworn beliefs sees its particular any. The most extreme paradoxes are to be found in this sphere. It really is a paradox to find that the cleverest book about Goethe whatever may be said to the contrary—has been written by Jesuit, Father Baumgarten. No details concerning him is neglected. The usual distinguishing mark of Jesuit work on the subject is hostility to Goethe: but this is a highly intelligent, painstaking book, not superficially written. Yet it has happened to Goethe to be portrayed as an ordinary citizen of the 18th century, born in 1749 at Frankfort-on-the-Main, who studied at Leipzig, was given a post in Weimar, traveled in Italy, live to be old, was incorrectly called it on both came good to “Johann Wolfgang Goethe;” this was how he was described in the work of a distinguished English Gentleman, Lewes—which was much admired. A book headed “Johann Wolfgang Goethe,” describing him as an ordinary 18th-century citizen, is no real book. A cultural paradox lies in the Jesuit's book on Goethe for the trend of opposing forces in modern times can be seen in it, and where the real ones are to be found.
A small way it shows itself amongst us. So long as we were reckoned a “hidden sect”, Anthroposophy was seldom attacked; but when it began to spread a little, virulent attacks began, especially from the Jesuits; and the Journal, “Voices from Maria Leach”, now called “Voices of the Time”, is not content with one article, but contains a whole series about what I've called Anthroposophy. I must warn you, again and again, attacks come from this side, not to believe that from the point of view of these writers, it is for our good when they say that we “speak of the Christ”, or that we “promote understanding of Christ”. They forbid that everything; it is exactly what must not be done; outside the doctrines of the Church, there must be no assertion about the Christ! No-one in our circles need be so naïve as to believe that by being a good Christian, he can propitiate the Church. Just because he is a good Christian, and does all in his power to advance Christianity, he arrays Catholicism against him as a supreme enemy. It becomes more and more necessary to take care that naïveté in these contemporary matters should disappear from amongst us. We must more and more firmly determined to realize what is active in the forces around us, whether they be in the ascendant or are declining. We must get beyond the longing, present among us in so many forms, simply to penetrate a little way into an imaginative world. I have often said that we must above all be able to place our Spiritual Science alongside modern concepts, and bring keen observation to bear on life as it is in the present age; because to gain true insight into this is possible only from the standpoint of Spiritual Science.
How many people come to me and say, “I have seen this or that”. Well they may well have done so. Imaginations are not so very distant. “Was that the Guardian of the Threshold?” many then ask. A simple yes and no does not answer questions on such matters, because the answers involve the whole of human development. But the answers are given. I am now correcting my Occult Science, for a new edition. I see that in it may be found everything necessary for the answering of such questions. Every precaution, every limitation to be observed is exactly described; the feelings to be developed, the experiences to be undergone, are all set forth. To elaborate the whole content of Spiritual Science would have required 30 volumes. This one must be read carefully, drawing the necessary conclusions—and it can be done. I do not like writing thick books. But read attentively and it will be found that this book indicates clearly that he endeavors to enter the super-sensible world strides towards meeting the Guardian of the Threshold; but the meeting is not so simple a matter as to have a dreamlike imagination. The latter, of course, is the easiest method of entering that world. The meeting with the Guardian of the Threshold is fraught with tragedy; it is a vital conflict as regards all intellectual concepts and laws, all man's connections with this virtual world and with Ahriman and Lucifer. This life-and-death struggle must be endured by him who would meet the Guardian of the Threshold. Should this experience come to a man merely as a dreamlike imagination, it means that, he wants to slip through comfortably, so as to have a dream out of the Guardian of the Threshold as a substitute—nowadays people are fond of substitutes the commission!—for the real thing.
We must think healthily on the subjects; and it will then become evident that healthy thinking can alone provide the basis of a remedy against all superstition, and against all the charges made by superficial opponents of Spiritual Science. Moreover, in this kind of thinking, in this raising oneself to experience on the spiritual, lie all the necessary seeds for finding the real way out of the present world-catastrophe.
The layout must be grasped—not in the realm of the earth and senses, not in institutions which are mismanaged and sucking the life out of what exists. The thing to be grasped does not exist! We must be stirred with burning zeal for the top attention of what does not yet exist!
This non-existent thing can be grasped only according to the pattern given by super-sensible knowledge. It cannot be grasped by looking into the past. Such men as Kautsky prefer to look back into the past, finding and “Anthropology” the ground-plan of mankind. They tried to study conditions at a time when man was hardly yet created in order to understand the social connections of to-day. These two sons of a misconceived Catholicism, such as Kautsky, want to have it so. But one cannot look back to the past, because in the past, those things which have extended into the very latest present, were created by means of atavistic forces, instinctively. In the future, nothing more will be achieved “instinctively”, and if man holds only to the products of ages of instinct, he will never attain to what bears the future within it, and can lead out of this catastrophe. An active, earnest understanding of the present depends entirely upon a right attitude to the spiritual world.
I should have to say much if, continuing in this strain, I were to speak to you about many things closely related to this present time. Yet if, in the weeks while we are separated, you will bring rightly be for your souls what has been said in these lectures, and which should culminate in realizing the necessity for knowledge of the twofold figure of Christ Jesus, you will go far this summer in meditative comprehension of the cosmic Christ and the earthly Jesus; remembering that the cosmic Christ descended from the spiritual worlds because these worlds were henceforth to be closed to man's view, and that man must apprehend what lies within him as the seed of the future. In the cosmic Christ and the earthly human Jesus and their union, lies much of the solution of the riddle of the world—at least of the riddle of humanity. In man lies the seed of future; but it must be fructified by Jesus. If it is not so fructified, it will assume an Ahrimanic form, and the earth will end in chaos. In short, in connection with the Mystery of Christ-Jesus we can find a solution of many, many questions to-day; that we must endeavor so to seek these solutions as not to be lightly contented with what is so often taken for “Theosophy” or “Mysticism”or the like—a “Union with a spiritual”, and “entire absorption in the all”—We must really visualize the true conditions surrounding us, and try to permit them with what we gain from Spiritual Science. We shall then say to ourselves over and over again, with regard to the answers to many questions: truly man today is seeking for something very practical, not merely theoretical; he will find himself in a blind alley in which he can go no further, if he does not go with the spirit. Everything which does not go forward with the spirit will wither away.
This is a weighty question for the future of mankind. Has man the will to journey with the spirit? I would fain impress this on your hearts today as the feeling which can arise from the reflections we have pursued.
Probably we are meeting to-day for the last time in this room, which we used so gladly for years as a place for our studies. It was one of the first to be arranged in keeping with our own taste, and one can only work according to the opportunities that exist. We fitted it up as we did because we were always convinced that endeavors on behalf of spiritual Science ought not to be mere theory but should be expressed in everything wherein we meet as human beings. The room is now to be taken from us and we must look for another. Obviously, under present conditions, we shall not be able to fit it up as we did this room, but we must be content with it. This room has become dear to us, for we have come to regard it as impossible to speak elsewhere of our relations with the spiritual as we can in this place, where in many ways we have tried to do the same things that are being attempted in Dornach on a larger scale. In times gone by we had to try all sorts of arrangements. Perhaps there are still a few here who were present when we had to speak in a beer-shop; I stood there, facing the audience, while behind me the landlord or landlady filled beer-mugs. Another time we were in a room like a stable: we had booked another, but that was all they gave us. In other towns I have lectured in places with no boards on the floor, and that too had to be put up with; it is not exactly what could be wished for as an outcome of our movement, and it would be a misunderstanding if it were said that we would just as soon speak of spiritual things in any surroundings. The spirit's task is to penetrate into matter, and to permeate it completely. That is the sense in which I have been speaking of social and scientific life to-day.
For all these reasons it will certainly be very hard part in a few weeks from this room, which was fitted up so devotedly with the help of our anthroposophical friends; but we must look upon such a parting in the right way, as a symbol. People will be obliged to part from much in the course of the next few decades. They will be taken by surprise, although they do not believe it. One thing will be deeply rooted in those who have grasped the deepest impulse of Spiritual Science. Whatever may be spoken, this cannot be shaken, and that is what we have grasped in the spirit, and what we have determined to do and accomplish in the spirit. No matter how chaotic everything looks, that will show itself to be the right thing.
So many leaving this place is symbol for us. We must move into another, but we carried away with us something of which we know that it is not simply our own deepest inner being, at the deepest inner being of the world, of which man must build if he would build a right. He who stands within Virtual Science is convinced that no one can take away, either from us or from humanity, what we have accomplished through it, and that it must lead to human affairs to a healthy condition ; this he knows, to this he clings. We may not as yet be able to say how we shall accomplish many things; but we may be sure that we shall accomplish them rightfully if we steep ourselves in the knowledge of what Goetheanism signifies for Spiritual Science, and if on the other hand we accept what has recently been mentioned here—that's the world stigmatizes and defames all that is connected with Mid-European civilization of the 18th and early 19th centuries, and that we, bringing all this before our souls, can nevertheless take our stand on our sure convictions: whatever happens, this Mid-European culture will be fruitful for the future of mankind, which indeed depends upon it. To save their own faces, because they have no wish for this feature of mankind, the opponents of this particular culture defame it; but let us grasp it in the spirit, recognize its inner spiritual content, knowing that we can build upon it. Then we shall be sure that though all devilish powers vow its destruction, yet it will not be destroyed! But only that can escape destruction which is united with the genuine spirit!
Einundzwanzigster Vortrag
Sie haben im Laufe der letzten Betrachtungen gesehen, daß die dabei zutage tretenden Bemühungen dahin gingen, Vorstellungen, die wir uns aus der Geisteswissenschaft heraus aneignen wollen, so zu prägen, daß sie uns dienlich sein können in der Auffassung, in dem Begreifen desjenigen, was gerade in der gegenwärtigen Zeitkultur täglich, stündlich uns umgibt. Wenn wir heute noch einiges zu diesen Betrachtungen gewissermaßen wie einen letzten Anhang hinzufügen wollen, so soll es und kann es ja nur immer aphoristisch geschehen. Es sollen einige bedeutungsvolle Charakteristiken unserer gegenwärtigen Zeit herausgehoben und mit mancherlei von dem in Verbindung gebracht werden, was in den letzten Betrachtungen schon da und dort als Grundton angeschlagen worden ist.
Wenn man sich darauf einläßt, das ins Auge zu fassen, was in unserer Zeit besonders auffällig hervortritt, dann wird man finden, daß unter den mancherlei hemmenden und hindernden Dingen der Gegenwart vor allen Dingen das ist, daß die Denkweise, die Vorstellungsart, die sich in den letzten Jahrhunderten im Laufe der Entwickelung heraufgebracht hat, die Menschen dazu führt, wenig Voraussicht zu haben in bezug auf die Ereignisse, die jeweilig kommen. Es zeigt sich dies darin, daß das meiste, was gerade jetzt an die Menschen herantritt, überraschend, im ureigentlichsten Sinne überraschend den Menschen kommt, und sie haben gar nicht die Möglichkeit, durch irgend etwas einen gewissen Glauben an Voraussicht zu gewinnen. Sie denken, daß es so sein müsse, daß man sich gerade von den bedeutungsvollsten Ereignissen überraschen lasse. Wenn man von irgend etwas Kommendem spricht, dann sind die Leute verwundert, oder sie ironisieren wohl auch die scheinbare Sehnsucht nach irgendwelcher Prophetie. Würde man zum Beispiel - allerdings nach denDingen, die aus solchen Voraussetzungen heraus sich ergeben, wie die neulich hier angeführten —, würde man darnach auf das aufmerksam machen, was aus dem Fernen Osten jetzt über die Welt herüberweht, so würde man, trotzdem sich das schon allzudeutlich ankündigt, heute noch wenig Verständnis und wenig Glauben finden. Es ist allzuwenig Bedürfnis vorhanden, klar in die Dinge hineinzuschauen. Damit hängt es auch zusammen, daß man sich so wenig einlassen will auf Wahrheiten, die in jenen Grenzen, in denen das allein möglich sein kann, auf das Geschehen der Zukunft hinweisen. Natürlich ist, wie Sie wissen, hier nicht von irgendwelcher Wahrsagerei die Rede, von irgendwelcher im schlechten Sinne zu haltender Prophetie; sondern immer ist hier die Rede von ernster wissenschaftlicher Denkweise und Gesinnung. Wenn wir die Gründe für den eben besprochenen Charakterzug in der Gegenwart uns ein wenig vor die Seele führen wollen, so haben wir diese Gründe vielleicht etwas weit herzuholen. Aber gewöhnlich ist sich der Mensch gar nicht bewußt, wie weit entfernt die Gründe für etwas von dem liegen, wovon es eben die Gründe sind. Er sucht sie gewöhnlich viel zu nahe.
Wenn ich Gründe für das eben Charakterisierte anführen will, so muß ich sie suchen in einem Hang, der in der gegenwärtigen Zeit in den Menschenseelen tief begründet ist: in einem Hang zu toten Begriffen und Ideen, zu nicht lebensvollen Begriffen und Ideen. Daß man nicht über Zukünftiges, über Herankommendes in denselben Ideen denken kann, wie man über Vergangenes und Festgestelltes denkt, das sollte begreiflich erscheinen. Aber man hält heute nur auf das, was sich, wie man sagt, beweisen läßt, und man denkt bei diesem Sich-Beweisenlassen eben an die besondere Art des Beweisens, die man heute gerade liebt. Wer diese besondere Art des Beweisens wirklich kennt, der weiß, daß man damit nur das beweisen kann, was Wahrheiten abgibt, die sich auf Ersterbendes im Weltenall beziehen. Daher wollen wir in der Gegenwart nur eine Wissenschaft oder nur eine Erkenntnis haben, die sich auf Ersterbendes, auf Untergehendes bezieht. Gerade diejenigen Menschen, die sich für die Aufgeklärtesten halten, lieben nur eine Erkenntnis, die sich auf Untergehendes bezieht. Sie lieben auch nur ein Wollen dazu, welches sich auf Untergehendes bezieht. Wir möchten im weitesten Sinne des Wortes, möchte ich sagen, wenn wir uns dessen auch nicht bewußt sind, in der Gegenwart nur Zugrundegehendes verwalten. Wir bringen nicht den Mut auf, Werdendes zu denken, weil Werdendes sich nicht in so starren, engbegrenzten Begriffen, die sich beweisen lassen, umfassen läßt wie Zugrundegehendes. Und man schützt sich heute gegen alle die Anfechtungen, die durch das, was ich eben gekennzeichnet habe, eigentlich kommen.
Redet man gegen diese Dinge — und man muß dagegen reden -, dann setzt man sich der Gefahr aus, den Vorwurf zu bekommen, ein furchtbarer Phantast, Dilettant und dergleichen mehr, vielleicht noch etwas viel Schlimmeres zu sein. Man sucht heute geradezu Begriffe, welche einen decken können gegen das Denkenmüssen dessen, was fruchtbar, keimhaft für die Zukunft ist. Ein Begriff muß nach dieser Hinsicht den Menschen, die sich für die Intelligentesten, für die Führer halten, eingeimpft werden: der Begriff der «Erhaltung des Stoffes und der Kraft», so wie er heute gefaßt wird. Ganz selbstverständlich ist heute jeder vor einem gewissen Forum ein «Rindvieh», der nicht zugibt, daß dies eine fundamentale Wahrheit aller Wissenschaftlichkeit ist: die von der Unzerstörbarkeit der Kraft und des Stoffes. Und dennoch ist die Sache diese: Wenn wir in das Weltenall wirklich schauend uns vertiefen, dann ist das, was wir als den Stoff und als die Kraft ansprechen, ein Vergängliches, ein Verwehendes; und alle Wissenschaft, alle Erkenntnis, die wir über den Stoff und über die Kraft gewinnen können, ist Wissenschaft von etwas Vergänglichem. Weil man nur Wissenschaft von etwas Vergänglichem will, weil man nur das Vergängliche verwalten will in der Wissenschaft, deshalb dekretiert man dogmatisch, um doch etwas Festes, Bleibendes zu haben, der Stoff, der sich aber doch nur auf etwas Vergängliches bezieht, sei ewig, oder die Kraft sei ewig. Dieses Gesetz von der Erhaltung des Stoffes und der Kraft spielt eine große Rolle auch für die, die sich nicht auseinandersetzend mit der entsprechenden Wissenschaft befassen, eine solche Rolle, daß sie in alles hineingeheimnißt ist. Unsere wissenschaftliche Erziehung ist so, daß das, was sich als Niederschlag des Gedankens von der Erhaltung des Stoffes und der Kraft bildet, in die ganze populäre Literatur hineingeht und für die Leute etwas Selbstverständliches wird.
Nun kennen wir aus der «Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß» die Entwickelung durch die Saturn-, Sonnen-, Monden- und Erdenzeit und so weiter. Nichts von dem, was heute Stoff und Kraft genannt wird, geht über das hinaus, was als Venusentwickelung bezeichnet wird. Also selbst für die dauerhaftesten Stoffe ist das, was.bis zur Venusentwickelung geht, damit an sein Ende gekommen. Wir befinden uns über der Mitte unserer Weltenevolution, so wie wir sie anschauen können, und wir stehen in der fünften Periode der Erdenentwickelung über der Mitte derselben. Wir sind über die Mitte hinaus, leben bereits in der untergehenden Periode der Erdenentwickelung, das heißt in derjenigen Zeit, in der die Abwärtsentwickelung, das Vergehen des Stoffes und der Kraft Platz gegriffen hat. Und die richtige Anschauung, wenn wir Physik und Chemie studieren, wäre die, daß wir uns sagten: Mit den Erkenntnissen, welche wir in der Physik und Chemie gewinnen, haben wir nur Erkenntnisse, die auf Vergängliches, auf im Weltenall mindestens mit der Venusentwickelung Verschwindendes sich beziehen. In dem ganzen Umkreis dessen, was heute als Wissenschaft gesucht wird, gibt es nichts, das sich auf Dauerndes bezieht; denn mit Ideen und Begriffen, die man nach der beliebten Art heute beweisen kann, kann man nur das finden, was in dem eben gekennzeichneten Sinne ein Vergängliches ist. Man bewegt sich nur im Vergänglichen.
Sie sehen, eine wesentliche Korrektur der Begriffe ist auf diesem fundamentalsten Gebiete notwendig, und diejenigen Leute gerade, die sich heute für besonders wissenschaftlich gebildet halten, werden viel lernen müssen, so daß sie ihre gangbaren Begriffe durch die richtigen werden ersetzen können. Aber wozu sage ich das alles, da die Sache ja doch vielleicht in ihrer Allgemeinheit nicht besonders wichtig scheint?
Es ist doch wichtig, denn nach diesen Begriffen, die sich die Menschen nach der eben charakterisierten Richtung heute aneignen, nach diesen Begriffen, die in allem Denken heute leben, formen sich auch die andern Begriffe, nach denen man will, nach denen man sein Wollen einrichtet. Die sozialen Begriffe, die politischen Begriffe formen sich nach der Denkweise, die man sich in dieser Weise gebildet hat. Sie formen sich nach dem eigentümlichen Gebrauch, den man von solchen Kräften macht, der darin besteht, daß man nur Vergängliches in den Begriffen verwalten will, und das überträgt sich auch auf die Lebensbegriffe. In besonders auffälliger Weise zeigt sich das, wenn man auf die Programmpunkte solcher Menschen hinweist, die sich in ihrem Selbstvertrauen für die Allerfortschrittlichsten halten, zum Beispiel in den Programmpunkten mancher Sozialisten, gerade solcher Sozialisten, die heute ungeheuer viel von sich reden machen und die ja alle mehr oder weniger ihren Ausgangspunkt von der Theorie des Karl Marx haben. Diese Marxsche Theorie ist ja gegenwärtig das Unglück Rußlands, weil - aus Gründen, die ich das letzte Mal auseinandergesetzt habe - das, was nach den historischen Voraussetzungen in Rußland geschieht, eben dort aus dem Marxismus heraus geschehen kann. Diese Anschauung ist auch zugleich der extremste Ausdruck des Willens, nur das Vergehende zu verwalten. Wer sich mit den Ideen dieser Richtung bekanntmacht, der weiß, daß die, welche sich fanatisch zu den Ideen dieses Marxismus bekennen, zukunfttragende Ideen zu haben glauben. Sie haben hier gerade in diesen Ideen auf sozialem Gebiete solche, die sich nur auf das Vergehende beziehen können. Das tritt in einer naiven Weise gerade in dieser sogenannten sozialistischen Weltanschauung hervor, denn sie lehnt es überall ab, fruchtbare Zukunftsideen aufzustellen. Sie predigt gerade den Segen der Ideenlosigkeit. Sie hat vielfach die Formel: Man muß wegschaffen, was gegenwärtig vorhanden ist; dann wird sich schon von selbst, ohne daß man darüber nachdenkt, irgend etwas aus dem Kladderadatsch heraus ergeben. Das ist radikal ausgesprochen. Aber wenn auch die, welche das radikal aussprechen - im Sinne der letzten Betrachtung, die wir vor acht Tagen gepflogen haben -, die gut erzogen sind im Sinne der Kirche durch die Jahrhunderte hindurch und auch nichts anderes tun, als die Vorgänge der letzten Jahrhunderte aus der Kirche heraus zu zeigen, so muß man doch das Folgende sagen: In Wahrheit will diese Anschauung es völlig ablehnen, keimhafte Ideen zu hegen; sie will nur Ideen haben, die sich auf Zugrundegehendes beziehen, sie kann nur Ideen hervorbringen, mit denen man Einrichtungen zugrunde richten kann. Man glaubt, Keimhaftes zu haben; aber darauf kommt es nicht an, sondern wie sich die Ideen in die Wirklichkeit hineinstellen. In Wahrheit sind diese Ideen solche, die gar nicht darauf eingehen, irgend etwas Neues zu ergründen, sondern die sich nur damit befassen, Zerstörerisches in eine bestehende Institution hineinzubringen. Dieser Sozialismus kommt mir vor wie eine Dame - für die gegenwärtigen Menschen ist das allerdings schon vorüber -, welche die Krinoline nicht leiden kann. Den breiten Reifrock haßte sie. Das muß geändert werden, sagte sie. Und was tat sie? Sie wattierte ihn aus. So sah er nach außen ganz genau so aus wie früher, aber er war nach innen mit Watte ausgefüttert. So machen es diese Sozialisten: Sie denken nicht daran, das, was die Geschichte an Einrichtungen heraufgebracht hat, mit neuen Ideen zu befruchten, sondern es zu lassen, aber nur, um an die Stelle der bisherigen Verwalter sich selbst zu setzen. Sie behalten die Krinoline bei, wattieren sie aus. Auch da, bei einer extremen Anschauung, bloß die Sehnsucht, das Zugrundegehende, das Absterbende zu verwalten. Worauf beruht denn das?
Es beruht darauf, daß man mit den Begriffen der heute bloß auf das Sinnliche gehenden Wissenschaft, derjenigen Wissenschaft, die sich auf den Verstand stützt, der bloß mit der sinnlichen Wahrnehmung rechnet, daß man mit diesen Begriffen überhaupt nur das Vergehende treffen kann. Man kann in der Natur nur das treffen, was in der Natur zum Tode führt, nicht das, was weiterlebt. Das Lebendige kann man nicht erfassen. Man kann auch in der Kultur nur das erfassen, was abstirbt, kann nicht das Keimhafte, das Wachsende erfassen. Denn dieses Keimende, dieses Wachsende muß erfaßt werden mindestens mit Imaginationen, mindestens mit der ersten Stufe der höheren Erkenntnis, wie sie zum Beispiel beschrieben ist in dem Buche «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?». Und um zu gewissen höheren Erkenntnissen des Werdenden kommen zu können, muß man Intuition und Inspiration anwenden können. Wenn die Menschen mit den bisherigen Begriffen an die Dinge herangehen, können sie reden, so viel sie wollen, sie reden nur von dem, was Verwaltung des Zugrundegehenden ist, wenn sie sich nicht einlassen, auf das einzugehen, was in übersinnlicher Erkenntnis allein als das Werdende geschaut werden kann. Es stehen die Dinge heute tatsächlich auf des Messers Schneide. Man kann über gewisse Dinge nichts wissen und muß ins Kulturchaos hineinkommen, in dem wir ja genügend drinnen leben, wenn man nicht auf das Schauen des Geistigen eingehen will.
Was wir brauchen, und was ja durch die Geisteswissenschaft angestrebt wird, ist in dem heute tauglichen Sinne eine Art Erneuerung des Mysterienwesens. Dazu ist freilich notwendig, daß der Sinn des alten Mysterienwesens verstanden werde, daß sodann der Sinn derjenigen Zeit verstanden werde, welche gewissermaßen eine Zwischenstufe war zwischen den alten Mysterien und denjenigen, die da kommen müssen als das neue Mysterienwesen. Alles dieses muß verstanden werden. Das Überraschendste für die Schüler der alten Mysterien war ja das, daß ihnen anschaulich gezeigt wurde, wie das alte, atavistische Hellseherische, wie das verborgene Wissen dem Untergang geweiht war. Das konnte man nicht mit dem schauenden Wissen selber erfassen, dazu mußte man in die Mysterien eingeweiht sein. Es wurde den Leuten gezeigt, daß etwas anderes über die Menschheit kommen müsse als das alte hellseherische Hineinschauen in die geistige Welt. Daß dieses Alte in der Seelenverfassung des Menschen, dieses Erscheinen der Weltenweiten in der Imagination dem Tode geweiht sei, das wurde den Mysterienschülern enthüllt. Etwa in folgender Art wurde es ihnen klargemacht: Was auf der Erde mit den physischen Sinnen gesehen werden kann, das ist nicht das, was die eigentlichen Geheimnisse des Erdendaseins enthält. Diese eigentlichen Geheimnisse können nur enthüllt werden, wenn sich der Menschenseele in hellsichtiger Betrachtung die Geheimnisse des Kosmos, die Geheimnisse des Außerirdischen erschließen, wenn dieser Seele das aufgeht, was im Kosmos draußen außerirdisch, außertellurisch geschieht. Denn das wurde ja im alten Hellsehen ergriffen, und nicht das, was auf der Erde geschah. Daß solch eine Erkenntnis, solch ein Hinaufgehen in den Kosmos nicht mehr möglich sein werde, wurde den Mysterienschülern enthüllt. Und denjenigen, die in das Christus-Mysterium eindringen sollten, wurde noch etwas anderes enthüllt.
Es kam ungefähr zu folgender Vorstellung. Wenn auch die alten atavistischen Hellseher nicht von dem Christus sprachen — ihre Eingebungen kamen aus der Welt, in welcher der Christus immer war, denn der Christus ist ein kosmisches Wesen. In all dem Kosmischen, in all dem Universellen der Welt, von dem aus das strömt, was dem Menschen im atavistischen Hellsehen aufgeht, lebt der Christus. Aber das wird von der Zeit an, in welcher das Mysterium von Golgatha geschehen sollte, den Menschen nicht mehr in der alten Weise zugänglich sein. - Was geschah? Nun, der Christus kam herunter aus dieser Welt, kam von dem Kosmos auf die Erde herunter. Weil der Kosmos so, wie es in alten Zeiten der Fall war, den Menschen nicht mehr zugänglich war, weil sie den Christus nach der alten Art nicht mehr hätten finden können, weil diese Art des Wissens, der Seelenverfassung, erstarb, in der früher die Welt geschaut wurde, in welcher der Christus war, deshalb mußte der Christus zu den Menschen herunterkommen. Und er kam herunter. Daher mußte alles, was jemals erleuchtete Geister in den alten Zeiten in heidnischen Mysterienkulten, in der heidnischen Mysterienwissenschaft von der geistigen Welt erkannt hatten, zusammengefaßt werden in dem Christus. Das mußte in dem Christus geschaut werden. Man mußte wissen, welches kosmische Wesen in dem Christus aus dem Kosmos auf die Erde heruntergekommen war. Das ist das eine.
Das andere war das Folgende. Ich sagte: Von alledem, was draußen in der Welt von Natureinrichtungen, von sozialen und Kultureinrichtungen gesehen werden kann, kann der Verstand und können die Sinne nur das Vergängliche schauen, können ein Wissen nur vom Vergänglichen der Natur gewinnen, das sich ja bis zum Venusdasein erstreckt. Aber im Kulturwissen steht man oftmals schon im Untergang drinnen, wenn man glaubt, Ideen zu haben, die ein Werden bedeuten. In dem, was durch die Sinne wahrgenommen und durch den Verstand begriffen werden kann, liegt kein Keim für die Zukunft. In alledem ist das dem Tode Geweihte. Es gäbe nur Todwissen, wenn es nur solches gäbe; denn die Wirklichkeit selbst, die uns umgibt, ist todgeweiht. Wo ist denn etwas Dauerndes? Wo ist denn das, welches als das Unvergängliche hinüberleben wird über dieses äußerlich Daseiende und dem Tode Geweihte? Wo ist denn das, was wirklich erhalten wird, während die Atome und die Kräfte, von denen physikalischer Aberglaube meint, daß sie erhalten würden, nicht erhalten werden, sondern zugrunde gehen?
Das ist nur im Menschen selbst. Von allen Wesen, von den Tieren Pflanzen, Mineralien, von Luft, Wasser und allem, was zugrunde geht, gibt es nur eines, das sich über die Erdenevolution und über die Evolution, die aus dem Erdendasein folgen wird, hinaus erhält: nur das, was im Menschen selbst lebt. Nur der Mensch trägt auf der Erde etwas in sich, was dauernd ist. Man kann nicht sprechen von der Erhaltung der Atome, des Stoffes und der Kraft, man kann nur sprechen von der Erhaltung von etwas im Menschen. Aber das kann nur geschaut werden durch Imagination, Inspiration und Intuition. Alles übrige, was nicht in übersinnlicher Erkenntnis geschaut wird, ist kein Dauerndes. Übersinnliches - das Sinnliche ist alles vergänglich -, das, was überdauernd ist, kann daher auch nur im übersinnlichen Erkennen begriffen werden. In dem Menschen, der auf der Erde herumgeht, liegt alles das, was von allem Erdendasein sich über die Erde hinaus retten wird. Wenn wir fragen: Wo ist der Keim für etwas, was über Erden-, Jupiter- und Venusentwickelung hinauswächst, was aus der gegenwärtigen Kultur in die Kultur der Zukunft hinüberwächst? — so müssen wir sagen: In nichts außerhalb der Erde, nur in dem, was im Menschen ist. In dem Teil seines Wesens, der allein der übersinnlichen Erkenntnis zugänglich ist, ist der Mensch das, was den Keim für die Zukunft in sich trägt. - Und nur der redet recht von der Zukunft, der allein den Willen hat, das Übersinnliche zu erfassen, sonst redet ein jeder, der von der Zukunft redet, irre. Daher mußte der Christus, der aus den Welten, die für die menschliche Erkenntnis immer unzugänglicher wurden, auch für die menschliche Erkenntnis heruntersteigen, mußte sich mit dem Menschen vereinigen, mußte im Jesus seinen Wohnplatz aufschlagen und so zum Christus Jesus werden, weil nur in einem Menschenleibe das war, was zukunftsträchtig für die Erdenentwickelung ist. Daher haben wir in dem Christus das Kosmische, aber jenes Kosmische, das in alter Erkenntnis ‚ allein unmittelbar ergriffen werden konnte; und in dem Jesus, zu dem der Christus gekommen ist, haben wir das, was fortan in dem Menschenwillen allein den Keim für die Zukunft trägt. Nicht begreift man den Christus, wenn man ihn nur als Christus oder nur als Jesus begreifen will. Man begreift ihn nicht, wenn man bloß von dem Christus redet; denn der Christus, von dem zum Beispiel die alten Doketen eine Art Gnostiker — gesprochen haben, könnte nicht mehr erfaßt werden; der gehört dem alten atavistischen Hellsehen an. Nicht begreift man den Jesus, wenn man nicht den Christus, der in den Jesus eingezogen ist, gelten lassen will. Man begreift nicht, daß allein durch den Menschenkeim auf Erden das Kosmische für die Zukunft gerettet werden muß, wenn man nicht den Christus in dem Jesus gelten lassen will.
Dies zu verstehen, inwiefern der Christus Jesus dieses Doppelwesen ist, ist eine große Aufgabe. Aber zu gleicher Zeit waren viele bemüht, Hemmnisse zu schaffen gerade für das Verständnis des Christus Jesus als eines Doppelwesens. So handelte es sich in der neueren Zeit darum, durch die verschiedensten Mittel vergessen zu machen, daß der Christus in dem Jesus gewohnt hat. Da ist auf der einen Seite jene extreme theologische Lehre, die nur immer von dem «schlichten Mann aus Nazareth» sprechen will, die also eigentlich nur von dem Menschen der sinnlichen Natur spricht und nicht von jenem Menschen, welcher den Zukunftskeim in sich hat. Da ist ferner jene Gesellschaft, die gegründet worden ist, um den Christus zu bekämpfen und zu diesem Zwecke ein falsches Jesusbild aufzustellen: die Gesellschaft des Jesuitismus, die im wesentlichen dazu da ist, das Christus-Bild aus dem Christus-Jesus-Bild auszutreiben und nur den Jesus gewissermaßen als den Tyrannen der sich entwickelnden Menschheit gelten zu lassen. Das alles muß man im Zusammenhang sehen. Denn die verschiedenen Impulse, auf die damit hingedeutet wird, wirken im Leben der Gegenwart mehr, als man denkt; sie wirken ganz intensiv im Leben der Gegenwart. Und wer nicht seine Augen aufmacht und Verlangen hat, die konkreten Erscheinungen dessen, was um ihn herum vorgeht, zu begreifen, der wird niemals anders als überrascht sein können von alledem, was kommt; er wird nicht viel über Dinge, wie sie hier angedeutet werden, zur Klarheit kommen. Unsere Gegenwart ist in vieler Beziehung allerdings viel zu bequem, um über diese Dinge zur Klarheit kommen zu wollen. Geisteswissenschaftliche Begriffe sind viel zu schwierig. Die Leute verketzern sie daher als dilettantisch, unwissenschaftlich, phantastisch und dergleichen. Sie verurteilen sich zugleich aus Gründen, die ich eben angeführt habe, [dazu,] mit nichts zu rechnen, was wirklich zukunftsträchtig sein könnte. |
So sehen wir denn jene Öde heute um uns herum mitten in dem Chaos, in welches die alten Religionsbekenntnisse und Kulturströmungen hineingeführt haben. Mitten in diesem Chaos, das die Leute heute mit einer sonderbaren Naivität Krieg nennen, während es längst kein Krieg mehr ist, sondern etwas ganz anderes, mitten in diesem Chaos sehen wir die Gedanken- und Ideenöde, weil nicht öde Ideen und nicht öde Gedanken nur aus der Erfassung des Übersinnlichen, des Geistigen kommen können, und weil sich heute der Mensch entscheiden muß, entweder nur das Vergehende, das Ersterbende zu verwalten und ein Schüler Lenins zu werden — oder mit dem Übersinnlichen zu rechnen, welches das enthält, was da kommen muß. Nicht gerade diesen einzigen Lenin, welcher jetzt in Europas Osten seinen Unfug macht, meine ich; ich nehme ihn mehr als ein Symbolum, denn wir haben solcher Lenins viele, viele im ganzen Umkreis des heutigen Lebens um uns herum, auf dem einen oder andern Gebiete. Nur will man nicht an etwas anderes herangehen als an das, was das Ersterbende ist.
Erinnern Sie sich bitte an etwas, worauf ich auch hier einmal aufmerksam machte. Die Pflanze lebt, sagte ich; Sie können sie beschreiben als etwas Lebendiges. Aber was beschreibt heute die gebräuchliche Wissenschaft an der Pflanze? Nicht das, was darinnen lebt, denn das ist übersinnlich; sondern sie beschreibt das, was das Lebendige ausfüllt, was darinnen das Tote, das Mineralische ist. In der heutigen Wissenschaft finden Sie nichts anderes beschrieben als das, was als Mineralisches die Lebewesen ausfüllt, und was in den Lebewesen den Tod bewirkt. Daher kann man sich auch heute nicht zu wirklich fruchtbaren Begriffen über die Natur aufschwingen. Solche Begriffe, wie man sie in der heutigen Botanik hat, sind keine lebensvollen Begriffe, sondern es wird etwas beschrieben, was mit Steinchen, mit Mineralien ausgefüllt ist. Da ist überall das zirkulierende Mineralische drinnen. Das wird auch im Tier, wird auch im Menschen beschrieben. Sobald man über dieses zirkulierende Mineralische in Pflanze, Tier und Mensch hinauskommt, werden diese etwas ganz anderes.
Nehmen Sie zum Beispiel Herrn von Uexküll, der den Aufsatz geschrieben hat «Im Kampf um die Tierseele». Dieser Herr von Uexküll ist in bezug auf alle Seelenwissenschaft von masochistischer Grausamkeit besessen, in bezug auf alles besessen, was nur irgendwie an die -Seelenwissenschaft erinnert. Ich sagte «masochistische Grausamkeit», weil in diesem Aufsatze zu lesen ist: Entschieden solle nicht werden, ob es eine Seele gibt oder nicht; es solle nur entschieden werden, daß die Wissenschaft nichts darüber ausmachen kann. — Wer ordentlich grausam ist, der tötet auch; wer masochistisch grausam ist wie dieser Herr von Uexküll, der probiert nur das Töten, stichelt herum. Das ist überhaupt der Typus der heutigen Wissenschaft; nur merkt man es nicht, weil man sich nicht gerne darauf einläßt. Man will nicht die Scheidewand durchbrechen, die einen trennt von dem, was in der Umgebung ist. Daher kann man sich durchaus nicht zu den Begriffen aufschwingen, die man wirklich braucht, damit der Mensch wieder einmal seine Umgebung verstehen lernt.
Wir wissen aus der Geisteswissenschaft, daß aus den geistigen Welten das Wesentliche, das Zentrale des Menschen herunterkommt, sich mit dem verbindet, was als fleischliche, materielle Hülle den Menschen zwischen Geburt und Tod oder zwischen Empfängnis und Tod umgibt. Heute untersucht man die Probleme der Empfängnis, der Geburt, der embryonalen Entwickelung, aber man kann sie ja nicht untersuchen, weil man nur das in das Lebendige eingebettete Tote studiert. Damit wird man niemals zum Begreifen desjenigen kommen, was einem die Menschheit einzig und allein verständlich macht: Wenn der Mensch aus der geistigen Welt herunterkommt, so wird er empfangen von Vater und Mutter, und geht dann durch die ganze embryonale Entwickelung durch. Heute lebt die Wissenschaft in der Anmaßung, Vater und Mutter gäben dem Kinde das Dasein. Und da Vater und Mutter Mittelpunkt der Familie sind und die Familie die Grundlage der sozialen Gemeinschaft, so betrachten auch die sozialen Gemeinschaften, welche die erweiterte Familie sind, den Menschen als ihr Eigentum. Da kommt man auf sehr bittere Begriffe in der Gegenwart. — Aber so ist es nicht.
Was gibt denn der Empfängnisakt dem Menschen? Was hat der Mensch vom Empfängnisakt? Was der Mensch empfängt — wie die Geisteswissenschaft zeigen kann -, ist die Möglichkeit, ein sterbliches Wesen zu sein; die Möglichkeit zu sterben erhält er durch den Empfängnisakt. Nehmen Sie das, was in meinen verschiedenen Büchern beschrieben ist: Sie werden erkennen, daß das, was ich jetzt sage, die notwendige Tatsachenfolge ist. Schon indem der Mensch empfangen wird, wird ihm das eingegliedert, was hier auf der Erde sein Sterben möglich macht. Das ganze Leben zwischen Geburt und Tod ist eine Entwickelung zum Tode hin, und eingeimpft wird der Tod in das Empfangene. Was der Mensch als Mensch, als Lebewesen ist, das wird nicht bei der Empfängnis irgendwie erzeugt, sondern einzig und allein wird diesem sonst Unsterblichen das eingeimpft, was die Möglichkeit zu sterben enthält. Eltern können dem Kinde nur den Tod geben - so würde es extrem ausgedrückt heißen -, nur die Möglichkeit, hier auf der Erde einen sterblichen Leib zu tragen. Was an diesem Leibe lebt, das muß durch das kommen, was aus der geistigen Welt herunterkommt. Daß dieser ganze Organismus, der ganze Mechanismus, mit dem der Mensch umkleidet wird und den er mit dem Keim des Todes durch das Empfangenwerden erhält, überhaupt lebensfähig ist, das geschieht durch das, was aus der geistigen Welt herunterkommt. Man muß lernen, den Menschen wieder in seiner konkretesten Erscheinungsform an die geistige Weltenentwickelung anzuschließen. Dazu wird man lernen müssen, nicht in jener feigen Erkenntnisfurcht vor den höchsten Problemen zu stehen, in der heute die gegenwärtige Wissenschaft vor ihnen steht, sondern diese höchsten Probleme wirklich anzufassen. Wenn man vor ihnen zurückschreckt, dann kann man auch nicht das, was in der unmittelbaren Umgebung lebt, verstehen.
In der unmittelbaren Umgebung — man kann schon so sagen leben heute die verschiedensten Völker. Denken Sie sich nur, welche unwahren Begriffe zum Beispiel Woodrow Wilson aus dem Völkerbegriff, aus dem Volksbegriff gemacht hat. Davon haben wir öfters gesprochen. Man muß sich darüber klar sein, daß man diesen Volksbegriff nicht verstehen kann, wenn man nicht auf die ganze Erdenevolution eingehen kann. Woher kommt denn die Gliederung der Menschheit in Völker?
Wir wissen aus der Geisteswissenschaft: Die Evolution ist so vor sich gegangen, daß wir erst die Saturnverkörperung der Erde hatten, daran schloß sich die Sonnenverkörperung, es folgte die Mondenverkörperung und dann der jetzige Erdenzustand; dann wird eine Jupiterverkörperung kommen und so weiter. Das ist aber nicht so glatt vor sich gegangen, daß sich einfach ein alter Saturnkörper in einen Sonnen-, Monden- und Erdenkörper verwandelt hat, sondern es hat einmal eine Abtrennung der Sonne von der Erde, dann eine Abtrennung des Mondes von der Erde stattgefunden, so daß wir eine fortlaufende Entwickelung haben und etwas, was sich abgetrennt hat, wieder vereinigt hat, wieder getrennt hat. Gerade das, was ich vorhin die kosmische Entwickelung nannte, das Abtrennen, spielte in das alte Hellsehen hinein. Und es blieb in diesem Hellsehen ganz unbewußt, blieb «chthonisch», wie man es im alten Hellsehen nennt, in der fortgehenden Erdenentwickelung das, was der Menschenkeim der Zukunft ist. Denn was aus dem Universum kommt, war ja zum Absterben bestimmt, es wurde nur dadurch erhalten, daß es von der luziferischen Kraft ergriffen wurde. So haben sich die verschiedenen Differenzierungen in Nationen, in Völker gebildet: vom Kosmos herein; aber imprägniert sind die kosmischen Kräfte mit luziferischen Kräften. Diesen verschieden differenzierten Völkern steht gegenüber, was ja auch noch in einer besseren Zeit, als die heutige ist, begriffen worden ist: das Allgemein-Menschliche. Dieses hat einen ganz andern Ursprung. Es ist das, wovon man reden kann in abstracto, wovon man aber in Wirklichkeit nur redet, wenn man das wirklich erfaßt, was als Zukunftskeim im Menschen ist. In diesem ist nichts von Nation, nichts von Volk; denn es ist das, was nicht vom Kosmos herabkam, sondern das, wozu der Christus hingegangen ist, und womit er sich verbunden hat. Der Christus hat sich nicht mit irgendeinem Nationalen verbunden, wie noch die Jehovagottheit, sondern er hat sich mit dem Allgemein-Menschlichen verbunden. Er war in der Gemeinschaft derjenigen Götter, aus denen die Nationen geworden sind, aber er verließ dieses Gebiet, als es reif zum Untergange war, kam auf die Erde und nahm Platz im Allgemein-Menschlichen. Es ist in bezug auf den Christus Jesus die größte Gotteslästerung, ihn für etwas anderes zu gebrauchen als für das Allgemein-Menschliche, wo man sagt: «Nicht ich, sondern der Christus in mir.»
Dieses zu durchschauen, gehört gewissermaßen zu den wichtigsten Vorstellungen der Zukunft. Zu den wichtigsten Vorstellungen der Zukunft gehört es, das Verhältnis des Christus Jesus zur Menschheit zu durchschauen, zu durchschauen auch, was alles bloß Völkisches außerhalb des ganzen Gebietes des Christus Jesus ist, weil es alter Rest desjenigen ist, was eigentlich zur Zeit des Mysteriums von Golgatha zum Untergange reif war. Aber alle Dinge bleiben noch über den Zeitpunkt, wo sie zum Untergange reif sind, wie verdorrte Früchte in der Welt vorhanden. So konnte von dem, was eigentlich zum Untergange reif war, nichts anderes bleiben als jene Wissenschaft, die in ihrer Erkenntnis nur das Untergehende verwalten will, die sich, wie die gegenwärtige Natur- oder Sozialwissenschaft, nur mit Ideen beschäftigt, die das Untergehende verwalten können: entweder das in der Natur Untergehende, Sterbende, oder das in Kultur Vergehende, Sterbende, wie ich gezeigt habe.
Man kann in unserer Kulturgeschichte manchmal geradezu hart. aneinanderstoßen sehen dieses Untergehende, das in toten, abstrakten Ideen leben will und sich von ihnen vormacht, daß sie irgend etwas Bedeutsames wären, und das den Menschenkeim, der allein zukunftsträchtig ist, Ergreifenwollende. Ich habe öfter auf jenes bedeutsame Gespräch aufmerksam gemacht, welches Goeihe mit Schiller geführt hat, als beide einmal in einer Versammlung der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Jena waren, da der Botaniker Batsch über die Pflanzen vorgetragen hat, wo dann Schiller beim Weggange zu Goethe sagte: Die botanische Anschauung ist doch etwas, was alles zerstückelt, das Verbindende austreibt. - Goethe zeichnete darauf seine Pflanzenmetamorphose mit einigen charakteristischen Strichen vor Schiller hin. Da sagte dieser: Das ist aber keine Erfahrung, das ist eine Idee. - Schiller konnte sich nicht aufschwingen zu der Anschauung von dem zukunftsträchtigen Menschen, daß dieser dann auch wieder finden könne das Zukunftsträchtige draußen in der Welt, nämlich das Übersinnliche. Daher erwiderte er Goethe: Das ist keine Erfahrung, keine Beobachtung, das ist eine Idee. - Goethe sagte darauf: Dann sehe ich meine Ideen mit Augen. — Für ihn war das, was er aufzeichnete, etwas, was er auch schaute, was ihm gerade so wirklich war, wie etwas mit ‚den physischen Sinnen Angeschautes. Da stand derjenige, der, wie Schiller, nicht zu dem Übersinnlichen hinaufschauen konnte, sondern dem nur die tote abstrakte Idee vorschwebte, dem Goethe gegenüber, der aus dem in der Natur Erkannten das herausholen wollte, was das Zukunftsträchtige, das Unvergängliche im Menschen ist, demgegenüber alles Vergängliche nur ein Gleichnis ist, das er verbinden wollte mit dem Unvergänglichen, und der deshalb nicht verstanden wurde, weil er auf etwas Übersinnliches, Unvergängliches, wie auf etwas Sinnliches hinschaute, Deshalb muß das notwendige Erfordernis für unsere Zeit der weiter ausgebildete, in seinem Gebiete weitergebildete Goetheanismus sein. Und erst dann wird es hell werden, wenn man einsehen wird, daß so etwas wie die einzelnen Konfessionen, auch die mosaische, besonders die katholische, nur die Fortsetzungen sind des Alten, nicht mehr Seinsollenden, und so in die Entwickelung hereinragen wie etwas Abdorrendes, daher sich nur durch äußere Macht Festsetzendes, und wie neben diesem Alten, Hereinragenden sich dasjenige aufpflanzt, was von vornherein nur das Vergängliche mitnehmen will für die Zukunft. Was so sich ausspricht, daß es nur mitnehmen will das Vergängliche, das ist der Amerikanismus. Darauf beruht ja die Verwandtschaft zwischen Amerikanismus und Jesuitismus, von der ich das letzte Mal gesprochen habe.
Allen diesen Dingen steht gegenüber der Goetheanismus. Ich meine damit auch wieder nicht etwas dogmatisch Festzusetzendes, sondern Namen muß man gebrauchen für etwas, das weit über den Namen hinausgeht. Ich verstehe unter Goetheanismus nicht das, was Goethe bis zum Jahre 1832 gedacht hat, wohl aber etwas, was vielleicht erst im nächsten Jahrtausend im Sinne Goethes gedacht werden kann, was aus der Goetheschen Anschauung, aus dem Goetheschen Vorstellen und Empfinden werden kann. Darauf ist es zurückzuführen, daß gerade in dem, was mit dem Goetheanismus in irgendeinem Zusammenhange steht, alles Abdorrende seinen eigentlichen Feind sieht. Auf diesem Gebiete erlebt man ja, ich möchte sagen, die stärksten Kulturparadoxien. Es ist doch wahrlich eine Art Kulturparadoxon, daß das geistreichste Buch über Goethe - trotz allem, was dagegen spricht ein Jesuit geschrieben hat: Pater Baumgartner. Es ist ein Buch, welches Goethe in Grund und Boden bohrt. Es ist ja gerade das Charakteristische, daß alles, was irgendwie jesuitisch ist, gegnerisch in bezug auf Goethe ist. Aber dies ist ein geistvolles, tiefgründiges Buch, nicht in bloßen Apercus geschrieben, es ist doch Goethe getroffen. - Während in dem Buche des bedeutenden englischen Gentleman ZLewes ein Spießbürger des 18. Jahrhunderts beschrieben wird, der 1749 in Frankfurt am Main geboren ist, nach Leipzig als Student ging, dann nach Weimar berufen wurde und nach Italien reiste, der Johann Wolfgang Goethe genannt wurde und fälschlicherweise bewundert wird. Damit schreibt man ja kein Buch, daß man «Johann Wolfgang Goethe » darauf schreibt und im übrigen einen Spießbürger des 18. Jahrhunderts beschreibt. Ein Kulturparadoxon liegt mit dem Jesuitenbuche über Goethe aus dem Grunde vor, weil man daraus wieder sieht, wie die Kräftegegensätze in der neueren Zeit gehen, wo wirklich die wahren Kräftegegensätze sind.
Im Kleineren zeigt sich das auch bei uns. Solange wir als eine « verborgene Sekte» gelten konnten, wurde Anthroposophie wenig angegriffen. Jetzt, wo sie sich etwas verbreitet, sieht man schon die wütendsten Angriffe, zum Beispiel gerade auf jesuitischer Seite, und die Hefte der Zeitschrift «Stimmen aus Maria Laach», jetzt «Stimmen der Zeit», begnügen sich gar nicht mehr mit einem Aufsatz, sie schreiben gleich ganze Hefte über das, was von mir « Anthroposophie» genannt wird. Daher muß ich immer wieder und wieder mahnen, daran zu denken, wenn von dieser Seite Angriffe kommen, nicht zu glauben, daß es vom Gesichtspunkte jener Leute zu unserem Besten wäre, wenn gesagt würde: Wir reden doch von dem Christus, wir fördern das Christus-Verständnis und so weiter. Das verbieten ja gerade diese Leute! Das ist gerade das, was man nicht tun darf. Man darf nicht irgend etwas über den Christus behaupten, wenn es nicht zum Lehrgut der Kirche gehört. Daher sei man in unseren Kreisen nicht mehr so naiv zu glauben, dadurch, daß man ein guter Christ sei, könne man den Katholizismus versöhnen. Gerade dadurch, daß man ein guter Christ ist, daß man alles tut, um das Christentum zu fördern, macht man sich den Katholizismus zum allergrößten Feind, wie es überhaupt notwendig und immer notwendiger sein wird, darauf zu achten, daß die Naivität mit Bezug auf solche Dinge, die um uns herum leben, aus unserem Kreise verschwinde. In unseren Kreisen muß immer mehr und mebr Platz greifen, daß man sehen will, was eigentlich an Kräften, an untergehenden und an aufgehenden Kräften in unserer Umgebung lebt. Wir müssen hinauskommen über diese vielfach bei uns zu findende Sehnsucht, bloß nach ein bißchen imaginativer Welt hinzustreben. Ich habe das oft gesagt, daß wir hinaus müssen über dieses Streben nach ein bißchen imaginativer Welt. Wir müssen überall unsere Geisteswissenschaft angliedern können an die Kulturbegriffe der Gegenwart und müssen zu scharfen Beobachtern dessen werden, was in der Gegenwart lebt, denn nur vom Standpunkte dieser Geisteswissenschaft aus läßt sich diese Gegenwart wirklich beobachten. Wie viele kommen zu mir und sagen: Ich habe dieses und jenes gesehen. Nun ja, das haben sie auch gesehen. Imaginationen liegen von der menschlichen Entwickelung nicht so weit ab. War das der Hüter der Schwelle? - fragt dann mancher. Aber so einfach Ja und Nein sind die Antworten auf solche Sachen nicht, denn die Antworten schließen die ganze menschliche Entwickelung ein. Aber die Antworten sind gegeben. Ich korrigiere jetzt meine «Geheimwissenschaft», die in neuer Auflage erscheinen soll. Ich sehe, daß darinnen eigentlich alles steht, um sich solche Fragen zu beantworten. Alle Vorsichten, alle Beschränkungen, die man sich auferlegen soll, sind darin genau beschrieben. Gefühle, Empfindungen, die man entwickeln soll, sind dort beschrieben. Und deutlich ist darauf hingewiesen, nur muß man überall genau lesen. Hätte ich alles ganz ausführlich darstellen sollen, was in der Geheimwissenschaft enthalten ist, so hätte ich dreißig Bände schreiben müssen. Man muß etwas denken, wenn man dieses Buch liest, muß Konsequenzen ziehen; die kann man aber ziehen. Ich liebe es nicht, dicke Bücher zu schreiben, aber es geht klar hervor: Gewiß, wer nach der übersinnlichen Welt strebt, der strebt darnach, dem Hüter der Schwelle zu begegnen; aber diesem Hüter der Schwelle zu begegnen, ist nicht eine so einfache Sache, wie eine traumhafte Imagination zu haben. Es ist ja die bequemste Art, durch eine traumhafte Imagination in die übersinnliche Welt hineinzukommen. Die Begegnung mit dem Hüter der Schwelle ist eine Tragik, ein Lebenskampf in bezug auf alle Erkenntnisbegriffe, in bezug auf alle Erkenntnisgesetze und in bezug auf alle Zusammenhänge des Menschen mit der geistigen Welt, mit Ahriman und Luzifer. Diese Lebenskatastrophe muß sich ergeben, wenn man dem Hüter der Schwelle begegnen will. Drängt es sich bloß in traumhafter Imagination vor einen Menschen hin, so bedeutet das, daß jemand bequem daran vorbeischlüpfen will, um als Ersatz dafür — jetzt liebt man ja Ersatz - den Traum vom Hüter der Schwelle zu haben.
Über diese Dinge muß man gesund denken. Dann wird sich herausstellen, daß in diesem gesunden Denken die Grundlage liegt für die Heilung von allem Aberglauben und von alledem, dessen die frivolen Gegner die Geisteswissenschaft bezichtigen. Außerdem liegt in der Art zu denken, in diesem Sich-Aufschwingen zum Erleben des Geistigen alles, was man braucht an Keimen, um aus der jetzigen Weltenkatastrophe wirklich herauszukommen. Was da hinausführt, es muß erfaßt werden nicht auf der Erde, nicht im Sinnlichen allein, nicht in den Institutionen, die ja abwirtschaften und mit denen Raubbau getrieben wird in bezug auf das, was da ist. Es muß erfaßt werden, was nicht da ist! Mit glühendem Eifer müssen wir ergriffen werden für die Erfassung dessen, was noch nicht da ist. Aber was noch nicht da ist, kann nur nach dem Muster dessen erfaßt werden, was durch übersinnliche Erkenntnis erfaßt wird. Mit dem Zurückschauen in die Vergangenheit ist es nicht getan. Die Kautskys schauen am liebsten zurück auf die Vergangenheit und gründen auf Anthropologie die Menschheit. Da, wo der Mensch noch fast nicht geschaflen war, wollen sie die Zustände studieren, um die sozialen Verhältnisse der Gegenwart zu verstehen. Diese echten Söhne eines mißverstandenen Katholizismus, wie es zum Beispiel Kants%y ist, wollen es so haben. Aber man kann nicht in die Vergangenheit zurückschauen, denn da ist das, was bis in die jüngste Gegenwart reicht, durch atavistische Kräfte geschaffen worden, instinktiv. In der Zukunft wird nichts mehr instinktiv gemacht. Und wenn der Mensch nur das verwalten will, was aus seinen Instinktzeiten noch da ist, dann wird er niemals zu dem Zukunftsträchtigen, zu demjenigen kommen, was über diese Katastrophe hinausführt. Es hängt schon mit der richtigen Stellung zur geistigen Welt dasjenige zusammen, was einzig und allein tätiges, ernstes Verständnis der Gegenwatt ist.
Ich müßte viel sprechen, wenn ich, in diesem Tone fortfahrend, aus unseren Voraussetzungen heraus über mancherlei, was gegenwärtig naheliegt, zu Ihnen reden wollte. Allein, wenn Sie in den Wochen, in denen wir jetzt wieder nicht zusammen sein werden, sich so recht das vor die Seele führen, was in diesen Betrachtungen gesagt worden ist, und was gipfeln sollte in der Notwendigkeit der Erkenntnis einer Christus Jesus-Doppelgestalt, dann werden Sie diesen Sommer meditierend weit kommen im Begreifen des kosmischen Christus und des irdischen Jesus: daß der kosmische Christus aus geistigen Welten herunterstieg, weil diese Welten fortan dem menschlichen Anschauen verschlossen sein sollten, und weil der Mensch begreifen soll, was in ihm selbst als Zukunftskeim liegt. In diesem kosmischen Christus und in dem irdischen, in dem humanistischen Jesus und in ihrer Zusammengliederung liegt vieles von der Lösung des Weltenrätsels, wenigstens des Menschheitsrätsels. Im Menschen liegt der Keim für die Zukunft. Aber dieser Keim muß befruchtet werden durch den Christus Jesus. Wird er nicht befruchtet, so gestaltet er sich ahrimanisch, und die Erde kommt an ein wirres Ziel. Kurz, mit dem Christus Jesus-Geheimnis zusammenhängend finden Sie die Lösungen für viele, viele Fragen der Gegenwart. Sie müssen aber nur darnach trachten, die Lösungen so zu suchen, daß Sie sich nicht leichthin mit dem befriedigen, was man so oftmals für Theosophie oder Mystik oder dergleichen hält, mit einem «Vereinigen mit dem Geistigen», mit einem «vollen Aufgehen im All», sondern daß Sie die wirklichen Verhältnisse, wie sie uns umgeben, wirklich anschauen und zu durchdringen versuchen mit dem, was Ihnen aus der Geisteswissenschaft wird. Sie werden schon immer mehr und mehr dazu kommen, sich zu sagen nach Lösung vieler Fragen: Wahrhaftig, nicht Theoretisches, sondern sehr Praktisches sucht heute die Menschheit. — Sie wird sich in einer Sackgasse befinden, wird sich gestehen, daß sie nicht mehr weiter kann, wenn sie nicht mit dem Geiste weiter will. Alles, was nicht mit dem Geiste wandern will, wird sich als ein Verdorrendes erweisen.
Es ist eine wichtige Frage für die Zukunft der Menschheit, ob man mit dem Geiste wandern will. Ich möchte dies heute ganz besonders in Ihr Herz senken, was Gefühl werden kann aus den Betrachtungen, die wir eben angestellt haben. Und es ist ja auch wahrscheinlich, daß wir heute zum letzten Male hier versammelt waren in diesem Raume, den wir durch Jahre hindurch für diese unsere Betrachtungen lieb gewonnen haben. Wir haben diesen Raum als einen der ersten nach unserem eigenen Geschmack eingerichtet, und man kann ja alles nur nach Maßgabe des Vorhandenen tun. Wir haben ihn eingerichtet, weil immer in uns auch die Idee waltet, daß unser geisteswissenschaftliches Streben nicht etwas bloß Theoretisches sein soll, sondern sich ausdrücken soll in alledem, worin wir uns als Menschen begegnen. Er wird uns nun genommen. Wir müssen einen andern suchen. Wir werden diesen andern selbstverständlich in der gegenwärtigen Zeit nicht so einrichten können wie diesen; wir werden uns mit dem andern begnügen müssen. Uns ist dieser Raum lieb geworden, weil wir nicht der Ansicht sein können, daß man von dem, was wir den Zusammenhang mit dem Geistigen nennen, überall in derselben Weise reden könne wie hier, wo wir so mancherlei versucht haben, was ja in Dornach im größeren versucht worden ist. Wir haben früher mancherlei zu probieren gehabt. Vielleicht sind noch einige anwesend, die mit dabei waren, als wir von unseren Dingen sprechen mußten in einem Lokal: Ich stand da, vor mir waren die Zuhörer, hinter mir haben der Wirt oder die Wirtin die Bierkrüge gefüllt. Ein andermal waren wir in einem stallähnlichen Raum, es war eigentlich ein anderer uns bestimmt, aber man gab uns nur diesen. In andern Städten habe ich auch schon in Lokalen vorgetragen, wo kein ganzer Fußboden war, und das mußte auch hingenommen werden. Aber es ist nicht eigentlich das, was aus dem ganzen Wesen unserer Sache heraus gewollt werden kann, und es würde uns jemand doch mißverstehen, wenn er sagen würde, daß man vom Geistigen in jedem Milieu in gleicher Weise liebevoll reden könnte. Der Geist ist dazu da, daß er eindringt in die Materie und sie überall durchsetzt. Das ist ja auch der Sinn in bezug auf das soziale und wissenschaftliche Leben, wie ich es heute angedeutet habe.
Aus alledem heraus — Sie werden natürlich alle erfahren, wann Sie zum letzten Male hier sind — wird es uns gewiß außerordentlich schwer werden, nach einigen Wochen von diesem Raume zu scheiden, der mit Hilfe unserer anthroposophischen Freunde in liebevoller Weise damals eingerichtet worden ist. Aber auch solches Scheiden muß dennoch in unserem Sinne in richtiger Art als Symbolum genommen werden. Die Menschen werden von vielem scheiden müssen im Laufe der nächsten Jahrzehnte. Auch davon werden sie überrascht werden; es glauben die Menschen das nicht. Aber eines sollte in demjenigen feststehen, der wirklich den innersten Impuls der Geisteswissenschaft begriffen hat: Was auch wanken mag, das eine kann nicht wanken: was wir im Geiste ergriffen haben, und wozu wir uns entschlossen haben, es im Geiste auszuführen. Was wir aus dem Geiste heraus tun werden, gleichgültig, wie es ausschauen wird aus den chaotischen Erscheinungen heraus, es wird sich als das Richtige erweisen.
So mag uns das Verlassen dieses Lokales ein Symbolum sein. Wir müssen in ein anderes hinein. Aber wir tragen das mit hinüber, wovon wir wissen, daß es nicht bloß unser tiefstes inneres Wesen ist, sondern das tiefste innere Wesen der Welt, worauf die Menschheit bauen muß, wenn sie richtig bauen will. Daß uns das, was wir uns durch Geisteswissenschaft erarbeiten, niemand nehmen kann, daß das auch der Menschheit niemand nehmen kann, sondern daß es die menschlichen Verhältnisse zur Gesundung führen muß, davon ist der Geisteswissenschafter überzeugt, das weiß er, daran hält er fest. Vielleicht wissen wir von vielem noch nicht zu sagen, wie wir es machen werden, aber wir werden es im Sinne der Geisteswissenschaft richtig machen. Davon können wir überzeugt sein, wenn wir uns durchdringen mit der Erkenntnis, was der Geisteswissenschaft gerade der Goetheanismus bedeutet, und wenn wir andererseits das nehmen, was neulich hier angeführt worden ist, daß die Welt gerade das, was mit der mitteleuropäischen Kultur vom 18. und vom Anfange des 19. Jahrhunderts zusammenhängt, verketzert und verlästert, und daß wir, wenn wir das alles uns vor die Seele führen, trotzdem auf dem Boden stehen können: Was auch geschehen mag, fruchtbar sein wird diese mitteleuropäische Kultur für die Menschenzukunft. Die Zukunft der Menschheit beruht schon darauf. Und förmlich, weil sie diese Menschheitszukunft nicht haben wollen, um sich vor ihr zu retten, deshalb verlästern sie die Gegner dieser mitteleuropäischen Kultur. Erfassen wir aber diese mitteleuropäische Kultur im Geiste, erkennen wir ihr Spirituelles, und wissen wir, daß wir darauf bauen können, dann können wir auch wissen: Und wenn alle Teufel ihr den Untergang geschworen hätten sie wird nicht untergehen! Aber nur das wird nicht untergehen, was mit dem rechten Geiste verbunden ist.
Twenty-first lecture
In the course of our recent reflections, you have seen that the efforts that have come to light were aimed at shaping the ideas we wish to acquire from spiritual science in such a way that they can be of use to us in understanding and comprehending what surrounds us every day, every hour, in the present culture. If we wish to add a few more thoughts to these reflections today, as a kind of final appendix, this can and must be done in aphoristic form. We will highlight a few significant characteristics of our present age and relate them to some of the ideas that have already been touched upon here and there in the previous reflections.
If one allows oneself to consider what is particularly striking in our time, one will find that among the many inhibiting and hindering factors of the present, the most important is that the way of thinking and imagining that has developed over the last few centuries leads people to have little foresight with regard to the events that are coming. This is evident in the fact that most of what is happening to people right now comes as a surprise, in the truest sense of the word, and they have no way of gaining any certainty through anything that would give them a sense of foresight. They think that it must be so, that one must allow oneself to be surprised by the most significant events. When one speaks of something coming, people are astonished, or they perhaps even ironize the apparent longing for some kind of prophecy. If, for example—admittedly based on the things that arise from such premises, as recently mentioned here—one were to draw attention to what is now blowing over the world from the Far East, one would find little understanding and little belief today, even though it is already all too clearly announcing itself. There is too little need to look clearly into things. This is also connected with the fact that people are so reluctant to accept truths which, within the limits in which they alone can be possible, point to future events. Of course, as you know, we are not talking here about any kind of fortune-telling, about any kind of prophecy in the negative sense; we are always talking about serious scientific thinking and attitude. If we want to bring the reasons for the character trait just discussed in the present a little closer to our minds, we may have to look a little further afield. But people are usually not aware of how far removed the reasons for something are from what they are the reasons for. They usually look for them much too close at hand.
If I want to give reasons for what I have just characterized, I must look for them in a tendency that is deeply rooted in the human soul at the present time: in a tendency toward dead concepts and ideas, toward concepts and ideas that are not alive. It should be understandable that one cannot think about the future, about what is coming, in the same way as one thinks about the past and what has been established. But today people only hold on to what can be proven, as they say, and by this proving they mean the particular kind of proof that is so popular today. Anyone who is truly familiar with this particular kind of proof knows that it can only be used to prove truths that relate to things that are dying in the universe. Therefore, in the present, we only want to have a science or knowledge that relates to things that are perishing, to things that are passing away. Precisely those people who consider themselves the most enlightened love only knowledge that relates to things that are passing away. They also love only a will that relates to things that are passing away. In the broadest sense of the word, I would say that, even if we are not aware of it, we want to administer only what is passing away in the present. We do not have the courage to think about what is becoming, because what is becoming cannot be encompassed in such rigid, narrowly defined concepts that can be proven, as can what is perishing. And today we protect ourselves against all the challenges that actually arise from what I have just described.
If one speaks out against these things—and one must speak out against them—then one exposes oneself to the danger of being accused of being a terrible fantasist, a dilettante, and the like, perhaps even something much worse. Today, people are actively seeking concepts that can shield them from having to think about what is fruitful and germinal for the future. In this respect, a concept must be instilled in people who consider themselves the most intelligent, the leaders: the concept of the “preservation of matter and energy” as it is understood today. Today, it goes without saying that anyone who does not admit that this is a fundamental truth of all science—the indestructibility of energy and matter—is considered a “cow” in certain circles. And yet the fact is this: when we look deeply into the universe, what we call matter and energy is transitory, fleeting; and all science, all knowledge that we can gain about matter and energy, is science about something transitory. Because we only want science about something transitory, because we only want to manage the transitory in science, we dogmatically decree, in order to have something solid and permanent, that matter, which only refers to something transitory, is eternal, or that force is eternal. This law of the conservation of matter and energy plays a major role even for those who do not deal with the relevant science, such a role that it is woven into everything. Our scientific education is such that what is formed as a reflection of the idea of the conservation of matter and energy enters into all popular literature and becomes something self-evident for people.
Now we know from “An Outline of Esoteric Science” about the development through the Saturn, Sun, Moon, and Earth periods, and so on. Nothing of what is called matter and energy today goes beyond what is called the Venus development. So even for the most durable substances, what goes up to the Venus development has come to an end. We are now past the middle of our world evolution, as we can see it, and we are in the fifth period of Earth's development, past the middle of that period. We are past the middle, already living in the declining period of Earth's development, that is, in the time when downward development, the passing away of matter and energy, has taken hold. And the correct view, when we study physics and chemistry, would be to say to ourselves: With the knowledge we gain in physics and chemistry, we have only knowledge that relates to things that are transitory, to things that will disappear in the universe, at least with the evolution of Venus. In the entire sphere of what is sought today as science, there is nothing that relates to the permanent; for with ideas and concepts that can be proven in the popular manner today, one can only find what is transitory in the sense just described. One moves only in the transitory.
You see, an essential correction of concepts is necessary in this most fundamental area, and precisely those people who today consider themselves particularly scientifically educated will have much to learn so that they can replace their current concepts with the correct ones. But why am I saying all this, since the matter does not seem particularly important in its generality?
It is important because the other concepts, according to which one wills, according to which one arranges one's will, are also formed according to these concepts that people are acquiring today in the direction just characterized, according to these concepts that live in all thinking today. Social concepts and political concepts are formed according to the way of thinking that has been developed in this way. They are formed according to the peculiar use that is made of such forces, which consists in wanting to administer only transitory things in concepts, and this is also transferred to concepts of life. This is particularly striking when one points to the programmatic points of such people who, in their self-confidence, consider themselves to be the most progressive, for example in the programmatic points of some socialists, precisely those socialists who are making a tremendous amount of noise today and who all, more or less, take their starting point from the theory of Karl Marx. This Marxist theory is currently the misfortune of Russia because, for reasons I explained last time, what is happening in Russia, given the historical conditions there, can only happen as a result of Marxism. This view is also the most extreme expression of the desire to merely administer what is passing away. Anyone who familiarizes themselves with the ideas of this school of thought knows that those who fanatically profess the ideas of Marxism believe they have ideas that hold the key to the future. Yet it is precisely in these ideas in the social sphere that they have ideas that can only refer to what is passing away. This comes out in a naive way in this so-called socialist worldview, because it rejects the idea of coming up with any fruitful ideas for the future. It preaches the blessings of having no ideas. It often uses the formula: We have to get rid of what we have now, and then something will come out of the mess without us even thinking about it. That's a radical way of putting it. But even if those who express this radically—in the sense of the final consideration we made eight days ago—are well educated in the sense of the Church throughout the centuries and do nothing other than point out the events of the last centuries from within the Church, the following must nevertheless be said: In truth, this view wants to completely reject the cultivation of embryonic ideas; it wants only ideas that refer to underlying principles; it can only produce ideas with which institutions can be destroyed. People believe they have something embryonic, but that is not what matters; what matters is how ideas are translated into reality. In truth, these ideas are not concerned with exploring anything new, but only with introducing destructive elements into an existing institution. This socialism strikes me as a lady—for whom, however, the present age is already over—who cannot stand crinolines. She hated the wide hoop skirt. That must be changed, she said. And what did she do? She padded it out. So on the outside it looked exactly the same as before, but on the inside it was lined with cotton wool. That is what these socialists do: they do not think of enriching the institutions that history has brought forth with new ideas, but of leaving them alone, only to take the place of the previous administrators. They keep the crinoline, they pad it out. There too, when viewed from an extreme perspective, there is merely a desire to administer what is decaying and dying. What is this based on?
It is based on the fact that with the concepts of today's science, which is concerned only with the sensual, the science that relies on the intellect, which reckons only with sensual perception, that with these concepts one can only grasp what is passing away. In nature, one can only grasp what leads to death in nature, not what lives on. The living cannot be grasped. In culture, too, one can only grasp what dies; one cannot grasp what is germinating, what is growing. For this germinating, this growing must be grasped at least with imagination, at least with the first stage of higher knowledge, as described, for example, in the book How to Know Higher Worlds. And in order to attain certain higher knowledge of what is becoming, one must be able to use intuition and inspiration. When people approach things with their previous concepts, they can talk as much as they want, but they are only talking about the administration of what is underlying, if they do not allow themselves to enter into what can only be seen in supersensible knowledge as what is becoming. Things are indeed on a knife edge today. One cannot know anything about certain things and must enter into the cultural chaos in which we already live to a sufficient degree if one does not want to engage with spiritual perception.
What we need, and what spiritual science strives for, is a kind of renewal of the mystery tradition in a sense that is appropriate today. This requires, of course, that the meaning of the old mystery cults be understood, and that the meaning of the period that was, in a sense, an intermediate stage between the old mysteries and those that must come as the new mystery cults be understood. All of this must be understood. The most surprising thing for the students of the old mysteries was that they were shown clearly how the old, atavistic clairvoyance, the hidden knowledge, was doomed to destruction. This could not be grasped through clairvoyant knowledge alone; one had to be initiated into the mysteries. People were shown that something else had to come to humanity than the old clairvoyant insight into the spiritual world. It was revealed to the mystery students that this old way of thinking, this appearance of the world in the imagination, was doomed to die. It was made clear to them in the following way: What can be seen on earth with the physical senses is not what contains the actual secrets of earthly existence. These actual secrets can only be revealed when the human soul, in clairvoyant contemplation, opens itself to the secrets of the cosmos, the secrets of the extraterrestrial, when this soul becomes aware of what is happening outside in the cosmos, extraterrestrially, extratellurically. For this was grasped in ancient clairvoyance, and not what happened on earth. It was revealed to the mystery students that such knowledge, such an ascent into the cosmos, would no longer be possible. And something else was revealed to those who were to penetrate the mystery of Christ.
The idea was roughly as follows. Even though the ancient atavistic clairvoyants did not speak of Christ, their inspirations came from the world in which Christ always was, for Christ is a cosmic being. Christ lives in all that is cosmic, in all that is universal in the world, from which flows what dawns upon human beings in atavistic clairvoyance. But from the time when the mystery of Golgotha was to take place, this would no longer be accessible to human beings in the old way. What happened? Well, Christ came down from this world, came down from the cosmos to the earth. Because the cosmos was no longer accessible to human beings as it had been in ancient times, because they could no longer find Christ in the old way, because this kind of knowledge, this state of soul, in which the world was once seen, in which Christ was present, had died out, Christ had to come down to human beings. And he came down. Therefore, everything that enlightened spirits had ever recognized in the spiritual world in the ancient pagan mystery cults, in the pagan mystery science, had to be summarized in Christ. This had to be seen in Christ. It was necessary to know what cosmic being had come down from the cosmos to Earth in Christ. That is one thing.
The other thing was this. I said: Of all that can be seen out in the world in natural institutions, in social and cultural institutions, the intellect and the senses can only see what is transitory; they can only gain knowledge of the transitory nature of nature, which extends as far as the Venus existence. But in cultural knowledge, one is often already in decline when one believes one has ideas that signify becoming. There is no seed for the future in what can be perceived by the senses and understood by the mind. In all of this lies that which is doomed to death. There would only be knowledge of death if that were all there were, for reality itself, which surrounds us, is doomed to death. Where, then, is there anything lasting? Where is that which will live on as the imperishable beyond this external existence and that which is doomed to death? Where is that which will truly be preserved, while the atoms and forces which physical superstition believes to be preserved are not preserved but perish?
That is only in man himself. Of all beings, of animals, plants, minerals, of air, water, and everything that perishes, there is only one thing that survives beyond the evolution of the earth and beyond the evolution that will follow from the existence of the earth: only that which lives in man himself. Only man carries within himself something that is permanent on earth. One cannot speak of the preservation of atoms, of matter and energy; one can only speak of the preservation of something within human beings. But this can only be seen through imagination, inspiration, and intuition. Everything else that is not seen in supersensible knowledge is not permanent. The supersensible—the sensual is all transitory—that which is enduring can therefore only be grasped in supersensible knowledge. In the human being who walks around on earth lies everything that will be saved from all earthly existence beyond the earth. When we ask: Where is the seed for something that grows beyond the development of earth, Jupiter, and Venus, that grows from the present culture into the culture of the future? — we must say: In nothing outside the earth, only in what is in the human being. In that part of his being which is accessible only to supersensible knowledge, man is that which carries within himself the seed for the future. And only he who has the will to grasp the supersensible speaks rightly about the future; otherwise, everyone who speaks about the future speaks foolishly. Therefore, Christ, who came down from worlds that were becoming increasingly inaccessible to human knowledge, had to unite himself with man, had to take up residence in Jesus, and thus become Christ Jesus, because only in a human body was there that which holds promise for the future development of the earth. Therefore, in Christ we have the cosmic, but that cosmic which in ancient knowledge could only be grasped directly; and in Jesus, to whom Christ came, we have that which henceforth carries the seed for the future in the human will alone. One does not understand Christ if one wants to understand him only as Christ or only as Jesus. One does not understand him if one merely speaks of Christ; for the Christ of whom, for example, the ancient Docetists — a kind of Gnostics — spoke, could no longer be grasped; he belongs to the old atavistic clairvoyance. One does not understand Jesus if one does not accept the Christ who entered into Jesus. One cannot understand that the cosmic order must be saved for the future solely through the human germ on earth if one does not accept Christ in Jesus.
It is a great task to understand in what sense Christ Jesus is this dual being. But at the same time, many have endeavored to create obstacles precisely to the understanding of Christ Jesus as a dual being. Thus, in recent times, various means have been used to make people forget that Christ lived in Jesus. On the one hand, there is the extreme theological doctrine that wants to speak only of the “simple man from Nazareth,” that is, of the human being of the sensory nature and not of the human being who has the seed of the future within himself. Then there is the society that was founded to fight Christ and to establish a false image of Jesus for this purpose: the society of Jesuitism, which essentially exists to drive the image of Christ out of the image of Christ Jesus and to allow only Jesus to be regarded, as it were, as the tyrant of developing humanity. All this must be seen in context. For the various impulses to which this refers have a greater effect on present-day life than one might think; they have a very intense effect on present-day life. And those who do not open their eyes and have a desire to understand the concrete manifestations of what is happening around them will never be able to do anything but be surprised by everything that comes; they will not gain much clarity about things such as those indicated here. In many respects, however, our present age is far too comfortable to want to gain clarity about these things. Spiritual scientific concepts are far too difficult. People therefore denounce them as amateurish, unscientific, fantastical, and the like. At the same time, for the reasons I have just mentioned, they condemn themselves to expect nothing that could really be promising for the future. |
So we see the desolation around us today in the midst of the chaos into which the old religious creeds and cultural currents have led us. In the midst of this chaos, which people today call war with a strange naivety, even though it has long since ceased to be war and is something completely different, in the midst of this chaos we see the desolation of thoughts and ideas, because barren ideas and thoughts cannot come solely from the comprehension of the supersensible, the spiritual, and because today man must decide either to administer only that which is passing away, that which is dying, and become a disciple of Lenin—or to reckon with the supersensible, which contains that which must come. I do not mean this one Lenin who is now wreaking havoc in Eastern Europe; I take him more as a symbol, for we have many, many such Lenins in the whole sphere of our present life, in one field or another. But people do not want to approach anything other than what is dying.
Please remember something I once pointed out here. The plant is alive, I said; you can describe it as something living. But what does conventional science describe about the plant today? Not what lives within it, for that is supersensible; rather, it describes what fills the living, what is dead, what is mineral within it. In today's science, you will find nothing else described than what fills living beings as mineral and what causes death in living beings. Therefore, even today, it is not possible to arrive at truly fruitful concepts about nature. Concepts such as those found in today's botany are not concepts full of life, but describe something that is filled with little stones, with minerals. The circulating mineral is everywhere inside them. This is also described in animals and in humans. As soon as one goes beyond this circulating mineral in plants, animals, and humans, they become something completely different.
Take, for example, Mr. von Uexküll, who wrote the essay “The Struggle for the Animal Soul.” This Mr. von Uexküll is obsessed with masochistic cruelty in relation to all soul science, obsessed with everything that in any way reminds him of soul science. I said “masochistic cruelty” because in this essay we read: It should not be decided whether there is a soul or not; it should only be decided that science cannot determine anything about it. — Those who are truly cruel also kill; those who are masochistically cruel, like this Mr. von Uexküll, only try to kill, they taunt. That is the type of science today; only you don't notice it because you don't like to admit it. You don't want to break through the barrier that separates you from what is around you. That is why it is impossible to rise to the concepts that are really needed for human beings to learn to understand their environment again.We know from spiritual science that the essential, the central part of the human being comes down from the spiritual worlds and connects with what surrounds the human being as a physical, material shell between birth and death or between conception and death. Today, we investigate the problems of conception, birth, and embryonic development, but we cannot really investigate them because we are only studying the dead embedded in the living. This will never lead us to understand what alone makes humanity comprehensible: when a human being descends from the spiritual world, he is received by his father and mother and then goes through the entire embryonic development. Today, science lives in the presumption that father and mother give the child its existence. And since father and mother are the center of the family, and the family is the foundation of the social community, the social communities, which are the extended family, also regard human beings as their property. This leads to very bitter concepts in the present day. — But that is not how it is.
What does the act of conception give to the human being? What does the human being gain from the act of conception? What the human being receives — as spiritual science can show — is the possibility of being a mortal being; he receives the possibility of dying through the act of conception. Take what is described in my various books: you will see that what I am saying now is the necessary consequence of the facts. Already at the moment of conception, human beings are incorporated with that which makes their death possible here on earth. The whole of life between birth and death is a development toward death, and death is implanted in what is conceived. What man is as a human being, as a living creature, is not somehow produced at conception, but rather what contains the possibility of dying is implanted into this otherwise immortal being. Parents can only give their child death—to put it in extreme terms—only the possibility of carrying a mortal body here on earth. What lives in this body must come through what descends from the spiritual world. The fact that this entire organism, the entire mechanism with which the human being is clothed and which he receives with the germ of death through conception, is capable of life at all, is due to what descends from the spiritual world. We must learn to reconnect human beings in their most concrete form with the spiritual evolution of the world. To do this, we will have to learn not to stand in cowardly fear of the highest problems, as contemporary science does today, but to really tackle these highest problems. If we shy away from them, we cannot understand what lives in our immediate surroundings.
In our immediate surroundings — one can already say that the most diverse peoples live today. Just think of the false concepts that Woodrow Wilson, for example, has made out of the concept of peoples, of the concept of a nation. We have spoken about this often. One must be clear that one cannot understand this concept of a nation unless one can enter into the whole evolution of the earth. Where does the division of humanity into peoples come from?
We know from spiritual science that evolution has proceeded in such a way that we first had the Saturn embodiment of the Earth, followed by the Sun embodiment, then the Moon embodiment, and then the present state of the Earth; then a Jupiter embodiment will come, and so on. However, this did not happen so smoothly that an old Saturn body simply transformed into a Sun, Moon, and Earth body. Instead, there was first a separation of the Sun from the Earth, then a separation of the Moon from the Earth, so that we have a continuous development and something that separated has reunited and separated again. It was precisely what I called cosmic development earlier, the separation, that played into ancient clairvoyance. And it remained completely unconscious in this clairvoyance, remained “chthonic,” as it is called in ancient clairvoyance, in the ongoing development of the Earth, that which is the human germ of the future. For what comes from the universe was destined to die; it was only preserved by being seized by the Luciferic force. Thus the various differentiations into nations and peoples were formed: from the cosmos; but the cosmic forces are impregnated with Luciferic forces. Opposite these variously differentiated peoples stands what was also understood in a better time than ours: the universal human element. This has a completely different origin. It is that of which one can speak in the abstract, but of which one can only speak in reality when one truly comprehends what is the germ of the future in human beings. In this there is nothing of nation, nothing of people; for it is that which did not come down from the cosmos, but that to which Christ went and with which he connected himself. Christ did not connect himself with any nationality, as the Jehovah deity still does, but he connected himself with the universal human nature. He was in the community of those gods from whom the nations arose, but he left this realm when it was ripe for destruction, came to earth, and took his place in the universal human. With regard to Christ Jesus, it is the greatest blasphemy to use him for anything other than the universal human, where one says, “Not I, but Christ in me.”
To understand this is, in a sense, one of the most important ideas of the future. One of the most important ideas of the future is to understand the relationship of Christ Jesus to humanity, and also to understand that everything that is merely ethnic outside the whole realm of Christ Jesus is an old remnant of what was actually ripe for destruction at the time of the Mystery of Golgotha. But all things remain in the world after the time when they are ripe for destruction, like withered fruit. Thus, of what was actually ripe for destruction, nothing could remain but that science which, in its knowledge, wants only to administer what is passing away, which, like present-day natural or social science, is concerned only with ideas that can administer what is passing away: either what is passing away and dying in nature, or what is passing away and dying in culture, as I have shown.
In our cultural history, one can sometimes see this decaying element colliding violently with itself, wanting to live in dead, abstract ideas and pretending to itself that they are something significant, and wanting to seize the human germ, which alone holds the promise of the future. I have often referred to the significant conversation that Goethe had with Schiller when they were both attending a meeting of the Natural History Society in Jena, where the botanist Batsch was giving a lecture on plants. As Schiller was leaving, he said to Goethe: “The botanical view is something that fragments everything and drives out the connecting elements.” Goethe then sketched his plant metamorphosis with a few characteristic strokes in front of Schiller. Schiller said: “But that is not experience, that is an idea.” Schiller could not bring himself to accept the view of the forward-looking man that he could then also find the future-oriented outside in the world, namely the supernatural. Therefore, he replied to Goethe: “That is not experience, not observation, that is an idea.” Goethe then said: “Then I see my ideas with my eyes.” For him, what he recorded was something he also saw, something that was just as real to him as something seen with the physical senses. There stood the one who, like Schiller, could not look up to the supernatural, but only had the dead abstract idea in mind, opposite Goethe, who wanted to extract from what he recognized in nature that which is promising for the future, that which is imperishable in human beings, in contrast to which everything transitory is only a parable that he wanted to connect with the imperishable, and who was therefore not understood because he looked at something supernatural and immortal as if it were something sensual. That is why the necessary requirement for our time must be a more developed Goetheanism, further developed in its field. And only then will it become clear that something like the individual denominations, including the Mosaic one, especially the Catholic one, are only continuations of the old, no longer meant to be, and thus protrude into development like something decaying, therefore only established by external power, and how, alongside this old, protruding element, there arises that which from the outset wants only to take the transitory with it into the future. What expresses itself in this way, that it wants to take only the transitory with it, is Americanism. This is the basis of the relationship between Americanism and Jesuitism, which I spoke about last time.
Goetheanism stands in opposition to all these things. Again, I do not mean something dogmatic that can be fixed, but names must be used for something that goes far beyond the name. By Goetheanism, I do not mean what Goethe thought until 1832, but rather something that can perhaps only be thought in the next millennium in the spirit of Goethe, something that can arise from Goethe's view, from Goethe's imagination and feeling. This is why everything that is in any way connected with Goetheanism sees its real enemy in it. In this field, one experiences, I would say, the strongest cultural paradoxes. It is truly a kind of cultural paradox that the most intellectual book about Goethe was written by a Jesuit, Father Baumgartner, despite everything that speaks against it. It is a book that thoroughly undermines Goethe. It is characteristic that everything Jesuit is somehow opposed to Goethe. But this is a spiritual, profound book, not written in mere aperçus; it strikes at the heart of Goethe. - Whereas the book by the eminent English gentleman ZLewes describes a philistine of the 18th century, born in Frankfurt am Main in 1749, who went to Leipzig as a student, was then called to Weimar and traveled to Italy, who was called Johann Wolfgang Goethe and is falsely admired. You don't write a book by putting “Johann Wolfgang Goethe” on the cover and then describing a petty bourgeois of the 18th century. The Jesuit book about Goethe is a cultural paradox because it shows once again how the forces of opposition are at work in modern times, where the true forces of opposition really lie.
This is also evident on a smaller scale in our own midst. As long as we could be regarded as a “hidden sect,” anthroposophy was hardly attacked. Now that it is spreading somewhat, we are already seeing the most furious attacks, for example from the Jesuits, and the issues of the magazine “Stimmen aus Maria Laach” (Voices from Maria Laach), now “Stimmen der Zeit” (Voices of the Times), are no longer content with a single article, but write entire issues about what I call “anthroposophy.” Therefore, I must urge you again and again to remember, when attacks come from this quarter, not to believe that it would be in our best interest from the point of view of those people to say: We are talking about Christ, we are promoting an understanding of Christ, and so on. These are precisely the things that these people forbid! That is precisely what one must not do. One must not assert anything about Christ that is not part of the Church's teaching. Therefore, we should no longer be so naive in our circles as to believe that by being a good Christian we can reconcile Catholicism. Precisely by being a good Christian, by doing everything to promote Christianity, one makes Catholicism one's greatest enemy, just as it will be necessary and increasingly necessary to ensure that naivety regarding such things that surround us disappears from our circles. In our circles, there must be more and more room for the desire to see what forces, both declining and rising, are actually at work in our environment. We must overcome this longing, so common among us, to strive for a little bit of an imaginary world. I have often said that we must go beyond this striving for a little bit of an imaginative world. We must be able to connect our spiritual science everywhere with the cultural concepts of the present and become keen observers of what is alive in the present, for only from the standpoint of this spiritual science can the present be truly observed. How many people come to me and say, “I have seen this and that.” Well, yes, they have seen that too. Imaginations are not so far removed from human development. Was that the guardian of the threshold? some people ask. But the answers to such questions are not as simple as yes or no, because the answers encompass the whole of human development. But the answers are there. I am now correcting my “Secret Science,” which is to appear in a new edition. I see that it actually contains everything necessary to answer such questions. All the precautions and restrictions that one should impose on oneself are described in detail. The feelings and sensations that one should develop are described there. And it is clearly pointed out, but one must read carefully throughout. If I had been to describe in detail everything contained in The Secret Science, I would have had to write thirty volumes. One must think when reading this book, one must draw conclusions; but these conclusions can be drawn. I do not like to write thick books, but it is clear: certainly, those who strive for the supersensible world strive to meet the guardian of the threshold; but meeting this guardian of the threshold is not as simple as having a dreamlike imagination. It is indeed the most comfortable way to enter the supernatural world through dreamlike imagination. The encounter with the guardian of the threshold is a tragedy, a struggle for life in relation to all concepts of knowledge, in relation to all laws of knowledge, and in relation to all connections between human beings and the spiritual world, with Ahriman and Lucifer. This catastrophe of life must occur if one wants to encounter the guardian of the threshold. If it merely imposes itself on a person in dreamlike imagination, it means that someone wants to slip past it comfortably in order to have the dream of the guardian of the threshold as a substitute—for now, people love substitutes.
One must think clearly about these things. Then it will become clear that this healthy thinking is the basis for healing all superstition and everything that frivolous opponents accuse spiritual science of. Moreover, this way of thinking, this rising up to experience the spiritual, contains everything one needs to truly emerge from the current world catastrophe. What leads out of this must be grasped not on earth, not in the senses alone, not in the institutions, which are indeed running themselves into the ground and engaging in predatory exploitation of what is there. What is not there must be grasped! We must be seized with ardent zeal for the grasping of what is not yet there. But what is not yet there can only be grasped according to the pattern of what is grasped through supersensible knowledge. Looking back into the past is not enough. The Kautskys prefer to look back at the past and base humanity on anthropology. They want to study conditions where humans were still almost unformed in order to understand the social conditions of the present. These true sons of a misunderstood Catholicism, such as Kant%y, want it that way. But one cannot look back into the past, because there, what extends to the present moment has been created by atavistic forces, instinctively. In the future, nothing will be done instinctively anymore. And if man only wants to administer what is left over from his instinctive times, then he will never arrive at what is promising for the future, at what will lead us beyond this catastrophe. What is solely and exclusively an active, serious understanding of the present is connected with the right attitude toward the spiritual world.
I would have much to say if I were to continue in this vein and speak to you about various things that are currently obvious, based on our premises. However, if during the weeks when we will not be together again, you really take to heart what has been said in these reflections, and what should culminate in the necessity of recognizing the dual nature of Christ Jesus, then this summer, through meditation, you will come a long way in understanding the cosmic Christ and the earthly Jesus: that the cosmic Christ descended from spiritual worlds because these worlds were to be closed to human perception from then on, and because human beings should understand what lies within themselves as the seed of the future. In this cosmic Christ and in the earthly, humanistic Jesus, and in their interconnection, lies much of the solution to the riddle of the world, at least to the riddle of humanity. The seed for the future lies within human beings. But this seed must be fertilized by the Christ Jesus. If it is not fertilized, it will develop in an Ahrimanic way, and the earth will come to a chaotic end. In short, connected with the mystery of the Christ Jesus, you will find the solutions to many, many questions of the present. But you must only strive to to seek the solutions in such a way that you are not easily satisfied with what is so often considered theosophy or mysticism or the like, with a “uniting with the spiritual,” with a “complete merging into the universe,” but that you truly look at the real conditions that surround us and try to penetrate them with what you gain from spiritual science. After many questions have been answered, you will increasingly come to say to yourselves: Truly, it is not theory but something very practical that humanity is seeking today. It will find itself in a dead end and admit that it cannot go on unless it goes on with the spirit. Everything that does not want to journey with the spirit will prove to be withering away.
It is an important question for the future of humanity whether we want to move forward with the spirit. I would like to impress this upon your hearts today, so that it may become a feeling from the reflections we have just made. And it is also likely that today we are gathered here for the last time in this room, which we have grown to love over the years for our reflections. We furnished this room as one of the first according to our own taste, and one can only do things according to what is available. We furnished it because we always had the idea that our spiritual scientific endeavors should not be merely theoretical, but should express themselves in everything in which we encounter ourselves as human beings. Now it is being taken away from us. We must look for another. Of course, we will not be able to furnish this other room in the same way as this one in the present circumstances; we will have to be content with the other one. We have grown fond of this room because we cannot believe that what we call the connection with the spiritual can be spoken of in the same way everywhere as it can here, where we have tried so many things, which have indeed been tried on a larger scale in Dornach. We had to try many things in the past. Perhaps some of you are still here who were present when we had to talk about our work in a restaurant: I stood there, the listeners in front of me, and behind me the landlord or landlady were filling beer mugs. Another time we were in a room that resembled a stable; another room had actually been reserved for us, but we were given only this one. In other cities, I have also given lectures in restaurants where there was no proper floor, and that had to be accepted. But that is not really what can be expected from the whole nature of our cause, and someone would misunderstand us if they said that one could speak lovingly about the spiritual in the same way in every milieu. The spirit is there to penetrate matter and permeate it everywhere. That is also the meaning in relation to social and scientific life, as I have indicated today.
From all this — you will of all course find out when you are here for the last time — it will certainly be extremely difficult for us to leave this room after a few weeks, which was lovingly furnished with the help of our anthroposophical friends. But even such a parting must nevertheless be taken in the right sense as a symbol. People will have to part with many things in the course of the next decades. They will also be surprised by this; people do not believe it. But one thing should be clear to those who have truly understood the innermost impulse of spiritual science: whatever may waver, one thing cannot waver: what we have grasped in the spirit and what we have decided to carry out in the spirit. What we will do out of the spirit, no matter how it may appear out of the chaotic phenomena, will prove to be the right thing.
So leaving this place may be a symbol for us. We must enter another. But we carry with us what we know to be not only our deepest inner being, but the deepest inner being of the world, upon which humanity must build if it wants to build correctly. The spiritual scientist is convinced, knows, and holds fast to the belief that no one can take away from us what we have gained through spiritual science, that no one can take this away from humanity, but that it must lead to the healing of human relationships. Perhaps we do not yet know how we will do many things, but we will do them correctly in the spirit of spiritual science. We can be convinced of this if we thoroughly understand what spiritual science means to Goetheanism, and if we take what was recently mentioned here, that the world is denouncing and slandering precisely what is connected with the culture of Central Europe in the 18th and early 19th centuries, and that we, if we take all this to heart, can nevertheless stand firm: whatever may happen, this Central European culture will be fruitful for the future of humanity. The future of humanity already depends on it. And precisely because they do not want this future for humanity, in order to save themselves from it, they slander the opponents of this Central European culture. But if we grasp this Central European culture in spirit, if we recognize its spirituality, and if we know that we can build on it, then we can also know: Even if all the devils in hell were to swear to destroy it, it will not perish! But only that which is connected with the right spirit will not perish.