Goetheanism as an Impulse for Man's Transformation
GA 188
4 January 1919, Stuttgart
II. St. John of the Cross
It is perhaps important and especially a propos where the kind of considerations now in point are concerned, to look back on many things connected in former times with some particular spiritual stream. For you have seen that it is a question of spiritual events that lie at the basis of the physical world, making it necessary at present for man to take a new standpoint in relation to the whole understanding of his connection with the world and with the rest of mankind. Yesterday we pointed out how much must be differently understood which, apparently well founded, shines forth here and there into the spiritual life of mankind. You must really be clear, my dear friends, that when impulses founded in this way are taken seriously then, as life goes at the present time, opposition arises against this seriousness and against these impulses generally, the opposition of hate, the opposition of envy, of fear, which proceed from the pettiness of men and so on. Only a deep understanding of things can help to clear away the many hindrances to which the adherent of such a spiritual revolution is exposed. For this deep understanding is well adapted to strengthen the soul, so that this soul is a match for much that always makes itself felt precisely in opposition to the most earnest endeavours in world activity. And so we wish today to enlarge in many ways upon what was said yesterday.
I pointed out yesterday how man, just by standing on the ground of Spiritual Science, can be absolutely objective towards other spiritual streams, how he certainly has no need to misjudge other spiritual streams. From this standpoint I said that on certain points, compared with many of the statements made today by philosophers and theologians outside the Church, through their training the representatives of the Catholic clergy are superior. Just at present we live at a time in which everyone wishing to take the questions concerning a world-conception seriously should come to an understanding about these things. The different currents of world-conception and the social currents of the present day both require this. Without very fundamental observation, the temptations arising from the scholarly approach cannot be properly fathomed, cannot be recognised in their actual lack of significance in the light of the greater demands of the present. The temptation to fall in with the objections of scholarly opponents of the endeavours of Spiritual scientists today is not to be underrated. It is true that if men have sufficient power of discriminations if they would bestir themselves to go into the facts concerning the basis of Spiritual Science, the broad base on which it stands, they would be less exposed to this temptation. But such power of discrimination is rare. What as Spiritual Science, according to how we understand it, wishes to join in with the world current accounts for many kinds of attacks, including those, for example. from the standpoint of the Catholic faith. It is necessary to grasp such things at this time because in the chaos that is about to break upon us, unfortunately far too little appreciated, far too little heeded by men—in this chaos many different things of a disconcerting nature will proceed from what is contained in the Catholic doctrine.
Now today I should like to make you familiar with the kind of judgment about some particular spiritual scientist that an orthodox Catholic may pronounce if he has reason to assume this spiritual scientist to be an unintelligent reader or listener. One of the most common objections against what we here mean by Spiritual Science is its being pantheistic. One of the chief objections made, for example, in the articles by the Jesuit, Zimmermann, in the publication “Voices of the Time” is this—that Spiritual Science is Pantheism.
You know how often I have spoken about this point. You know how I have said that the only wad of overcoming this commonplace Pantheism, so dominant in many places today, is to put in its place the concrete spiritual world of which Spiritual Science speaks. It is naturally not intended, on the part of those from whom the objections come, to go deeply into the truth; taking into account all the prejudice belonging to certain religious partisanship, their efforts go much more in the direction of bringing forward what has a definite suggestive or hypnotic effect. Pantheism is indeed the view that in everything spread out in Nature, spread out anywhere in the phenomenal world, there lives the divine, that, in a way, nature herself is to be looked upon as direct revelation of the divine. It is just this which I have always attacked—this watered-down Pantheism that is forever talking of how behind the outspread world of phenomena there is spirit, spirit, spirit. I have always called your attention to how this is much the same as refusing on the physical plane to recognise tulips, roses or lilies as anything but plants, plants, plants. Spiritual Science goes straight to the individual, concrete spiritual beings and does not speak in the pantheistic general may about the spirit. Another characteristic of Pantheism lies in saying: Pantheism has no wish to separate outer nature from the divine spiritual but would mingle both together. Now, my dear friends, one must indeed be a Jesuit to make it appear that it is believed where the actual ranks of the beings of the higher hierarchies are spoken of in this way as being individualised among themselves and having a personal and superpersonal existence in themselves—it is believed that there can be any question of the mingling of this hierarchical world as a whole with external nature. Whoever can think in accordance with reality will be unable to make anything at all of the accusation of Pantheism, where such a description of the world of the hierarchies, and the connection of the individual beings of the hierarchies with nature, is concerned.
There is a further thing that is quite unique and is given particular prominence in the articles from “Voices of the Time”, namely, that in sir Spiritual Science it is said—and this is supposed to be heretical in the Catholic churd—that the divine is living in man's soul, that the soul of man is itself a drop in the ocean of this divine. Such and similar utterances are collected there and established as heresies within the Catholic confession.
Thus it is shown how the teaching that a divinity should live immediately in the soul is heretical and to be condemned. Now faced with this a reasonable man might say: There is no need for you to draw my attention to such foolishness. But, my dear friends, that is not important, that is not the question. But it must be a matter of these things playing a real part in the world, that where men would deceive themselves these things should play a really powerful part, and that we must already be alive to such things. But they are connected with something besides. And now we will turn our attention from any particular attack that has been made. Let us imagine a man, a Jesuit, who has either been made apathetic where his own reflections are concerned or consciously lives in them—what I mean is, he knows that for himself he has no need to reflect about things but has only to judge the faithful according to the sense of the officially recognised creed. For once we will look at the kind of pronouncements such a man can make about the path of Spiritual Science. I an simply telling you here the average—I should not like to say opinion for opinion does not meet the case, but average utterance of an official representative of the Roman Catholic Church about the path of Spiritual Science, as this would come from a modern believer.
He would perhaps say: The Catholic Christian would not dare take such a path as the one recommended by Spiritual Science for gaining insight into the supereensible. For all the Church Fathers and every exponent of Church doctrine—the cleric of today would perhaps say—condemn such a path. By such a path man is supposed to acquire the special faculty of rising to the supersensible world. That, however, is heresy, that should never be an aim at all. All that may be striven for by an orthodox Catholic is what their teachers of religious doctrine hold to be the legitimate vision. This 'legitimate vision' is that the present day hall-marked cleric of Rome considers valid. What does ne understand by it?
You will be able to form a concept of what he understands by it when you distinguish between two kinds of gifts which, in the sense of the orthodox Catholic Church, man can receive as a believing Catholic. The one kind of gift is the so-called gratiae grate detae, what is given through grace, the supernatural gifts of grace, one might say the Greek charisms. The other gifts are those which may be called the universal human gifts. The gifts that ae out of the ordinary, the charisms are bestowed by God in a way that is out of the ordinary upon men who are out of the ordinary. The Maid of Orleans would perhaps be given as an example. These gifts cannot be striven for, they are bestowed as special gifts of grace upon outstanding men and may not be striven after, accouding to the dictates of the Church. What may be striven for, however, is a certain enhancement of the general life of the soul which does not bring men to any extra-ordinary faculty but to a raising og the faculties that are universal and human. Such a raising of universal human faculties has nevertheless the effect—so says the Roman Catholic Church today of making man capable of being permeated with the Holy Spirit.
Therefore this is what we say: The ordinary mortal thinks something, feels something or does something. According to the dictates of the Church, according to the dictates of the State, he has in duty bound to do these things in a certain ways with his ordinary mortal reflection he can endeavour to perform his action in accordance with the Church, in accordance with the State: in the opinion of the Church this is the same as being in accordance with God. He may also notice, however, if in other things he is an ordinary Catholic Christian, that the Holy Ghost often intervenes in his acting, thinking, feeling, and that because the Holy Ghost is working in him the practice of certain virtues becomes easy which otherwise is difficult. This, however, may not be striven for in such a way that man would go beyond the ordinary point of human endeavour, and develop special faculties for penetrating to the supersensible worlds all striving of such a kind is reprehensible.
Now here I have described the objections an orthodox, hallmarked, Roman Catholic cleric would make to what is found, for example, in Knowledge of the Higher Worlds and its Attainment. He would say: man strives for special faculties that would place him in a position to unite himself in a certain way with the spiritual world. But he may not do this. He must remain perfectly passive until he notices that in his mind and soul there enter impulses of the Holy Spirit. He may not bring about ax qualitative change in his behaviour, only an enhancement, as it were, a facility in becoming virtuous, a facility in other faculties exercised ter man on the external physical plane.
You can read this kind of thing today not only against our Sairitual Science but against all man-made endeavours towards producing a human being who sees a spiritual world ground him just as rhynical men with his physical senses, sees around him a physical world. This is familiar even among those who believe they are standing on the firm ground of Christian belief dictated by Rome. And it in widely recognised that anyone thinking differently about the things I have just been describing to you, is a heretic. In giving such a description it must alters be made clear that these things still have tremendous influence today upon millions of human beings. We must not be so egoistic as to think that because one has ceased to believe in thaw oneself (and this too is only a matter of belief) there is no further need to worry. This is exactly what is such a pity today, particularly where the social movement is in question, men are so egoistic that they look only to the needs of their own soul and have no wish to extend their gaze to what unites men, to what is permeating millions and millions of men, as a drivinfr impulse which, when it then breaks forth, can appear in the font we nee things now arising in the word, Today it is necessary to be quite clear about the sources of these things and the necessary attitude to take towards the things themselves.
Now these clerics stamped with the mark of Rome as a rule appeal to the Fathers of the Church. They go back to the Church Fathers of earlier centuries and from their sayings take what they believe to be in harmony with all I have just described. Now, naturally, I cannot read out to you for hours at a time the doctrines of the Church Fathers; I should like, however, to draw your attention to something in this direction, namely, the attitude to these things that can be taken by man in this age of the consciousness soul which began with the fifteenth century.
First, therefore, we must keep in mind that the way into the spiritual world, as Spiritual Science understands it, is held to be heretical; so says the modern cleric recognised by orthodox Rome. In the second place we have to remember the accusation against Spiritual Science—that it speaks oft man being able to partake of the divine; this also is heretical, as once more stated today by the Catholic cleric approved by Rome.
Let us be willing to look for once rather more closely at what an outwardly—not inwardly as we shall soon see—an outwardly well-reputed Church Father, outwardly well-reputed also by Rome, says about a matter like the vision of which I have previously given you a description. John of the Cross,1San Juan de la Cruz, born 1542, died 1591, studied under the
Jesuits in Medina del Campo, became Abbot of the Carmelite Monastay at Menrezo about 1568; successfully defended himself on an indictment brought against him by the Inquisition, and founded the Monastery of Ban= in lam In 1581 the Order of the Carmelites hauled aver to his the direction of their pal Monastery at
Granada. The Curia appointed him as Pro al Vicar of
We-UM in lam, and in 1566 as Definitor. Through the discipline of his Order he acquired enemies vho, by their influmea vg Philip II, sumeoded in eausing, John of thi Woos to be co
the Monastery of Ubede. In 1675 Benedict XIII canonised the "ecstatic Doctor." for example, speaks about what vision should be for orthodox Catholic Christians who through this vision my be said to get beyond the mere general belief of the Church and rise to a kind of higher perception of the divinity pulsing through the world. The Catholic Church today allows a man through vision to get beyond purely general belief. But it forbids him to get as far as superphysical faculties, that is, faculties leading into the super-physical world in the same way as external senses lead into the world of the senses. Now St. John of the Cross says: “The time has come (he is referring to the time of vision) when the reflection and contemplation undertaken previously by the ordinary powers of the soul should gradually cease, when the soul sees itself bereft of its former enjoyments and palpable delights.”
Thus St. John of the Cross admits the state in which ordinary reflection is silenced, the reflection by which man comes to terms with the things of the physical plane that are perceived by the senses and understood by the intellect. He admits, therefore, that man deprives himself ordinary contemplation which the soul experiences in such contemplation and in such relation to external nature ceases. This he admits.
Condemned to a state of barrenness and aridity (he goes on to say) the soul can no longer deliberate by means of the intellect.
Thus, by shutting off his senses, by stopping the activity of his intellect, (and this is necessary for the attainment of vision) man with his soul comes to a kind of barrenness and aridity. By this he really comes to that participation in the divine, held by St. John of the Cross to be permissible. When therefore the soul no longer reflects with the intellect or even finds any physical support, then the senses are no longer enriched. The spirit has the advantage without receiving anything from the senses. It can thus be seen that in this state, God is the principal agent.
Now let us go minutely into this matter. St. John of the Cross says: Man can reflect, he can take up outer perceptions through his senses, the soul can become passive, the soul of itself does nothing further. Thereby God becomes the principal agent in the soul. He Himself instructs the soul and gives it suitable knowledge. In visions he presents the soul with wholly spiritual possessions, more particularly knowledge and love of God, without the soul having to reflect or enter upon other exercises which are no more possible to it than formerly.
Take these words of the canonised John of the Cross, one who is still recognised today in Rome as an orthodox Father of the Church. Take these words first in relation to the accusation of Pantheism recently made against Spiritual Science for having spoken, for example, of the life of soul as being like a drop in the ocean of the divine, therefore having itself a divine nature, which today according to preaching and believing clerics is heresy. But, my dear friends, St. John of the Cross describes the possibility of coming to a passive condition of the soul when reflection and sense perception are shut off and God is the chief agent, when, in his own words, God presents the soul during vision with wholly spiritual benefits Himself, instructing the soul, imparting to it an infusion of wisdom.
Now I ask you: What sense have these words if it is said further that the human soul is never brought into a real connection with the divine Being? What does the statement mean that God Himself is alone active in the soul, when it is supposed to be heretical to speak of men coming into direct, conscious connection with God? When anyone says: the soul is related to the sum of the divine-spiritual like a drop in the ocean that is of the same nature an the water of the ocean as a whole—should this be understood as unpermitted Pantheism if truth held good, and when at the same time it is recognised, for example, that an orthodox Father of the Church, St. John of the Cross, admits the possibility of God Himself taking over the chief activity in the soul? To recognise how far truth is the governing factor in official circles you must keep consciously in your soul the following fact—that, at the sane time, such masters are appealed to as St. John of the Cross who really teaches Pantheism (if one is to call it Pantheism) in a far more marked way than Spiritual Science. But this is held to be heresy! So, what is one to do? St. John of the Cross is allowed to pass for a Church Father of authority, and people are deceived by being told that Pantheism is forbidden. But this means further that nobody may assert it to be heretical if it is said: God is so directly present in the soul that the human soul can be conscious of this!
No, my dear friends, people today should not be loose in their thought; they dare not think loosely if still greater misfortune is not to befall mankind. Today men should be able consciously to keep the fact before them that it is possible officially to convey this kind of misrepresentation of the truth throughout the world.
Another utterance of St. John of the Cross is: ”Priceless are the inner benefits imprinted by this silent vision into the soul when it is unconscious. In short they are nothing but the extraordinarily tender and most mysterious anointing by the Holy Ghost who, as he is God, acts as God.”
“The Holy Ghost acts as God immediately in the soul,” says St. John of the Cross (this was Catholic doctrine at the time of John of the Cross before the age of the consciousness soul) “And works upon, and inundates the soul in secret with such a measure of riches, gifts and graces that it is beyond description.”
And now I would ask you: what are we supposed to understand when one of those who write about heresy today says it is heretical to assert that God is identical with the human soul!
This is the position of things. But men are so little awake that they pay no attention today to how the truth is 'managed'. in the final analysis it rests on man having troubled so little about what has been given out as truth in the world, that so fearful a catastrophe should have fallen upon it. And it rests on this also that truth can be hated in the way it is still hated at present by certain people.
Today in Rome the approved clerics take particular pains constantly to emphasise that no difference should be said to exist between the ordinary faculties the faithful develop by belief, and the enhancement of belief that is expressed in vision. No difference is supposed to exist or at the most a difference of degree; for when a real difference is striven for, this is heretical. But St. John of the Cross says: “The difference consists in man seeing only darkly through belief, whereas with perception of the soul theveils are removed from Him”. (He means God). At the time when St. John of the Cross wrote these things down, before the age of the consciousness soul, this was Catholic doctrine. What today holds sway as Catholicism where these things are concerned is only the shadow and no longer the light. It is really very beautiful how John of the Cross describes for that age the mystical path of Knowledge, the way into the tensible. He says: “The narrow portal is the night of the senses. To pass through it, the soul has to get free from itself and cast its shell.” At that time these things were said not in the way that Rome speaks, but rather as Spiritual Science speaks. Spiritual Science is the real continuation of the noble strivings to enter the spiritual world as they appear in John of the Cross. But Spiritual Science is the continuation suited for the present age: it reckons with the progress of mankind
The narrow portal is the night of the senses. To go through it the soul must become free of itself and cast its shell. And by then taking beliefs which has nothing to do with the senses, for its guide, the soul travels along the narrow path to the second night—the night of the spirit.
And very beautiful is the description by St. John of the Cross of the union with the divine-spiritual: “The union is accomplished when the two wills, namely, the will of the soul and the divine will, become one.”
It could not be more clearly expressed that a divine will exists holding sway over the world, and a will belonging to the soul, both of which merge in vision. But today that is said to be heresy. Truth would be honestly upheld were it said: Today St. John of the Cross is no longer a saint but a heretic. This is what the cleric of Rome would be bound by duty to say if he wished really to uphold his assertions.
Thus, St. John of the Cross says that union is brought about by the two wills, that of the soul and the divine will, becoming uniform, which means, when there is nothing in the one will that is opposed by the other.
But then in the sphere of the orthodox Roman Catholic clericalism it is definitely intended that the path of individual knowledge should be barred to the mere believers and also to the bumbler clerics. Today, therefore, while misrepresenting people like John of the Cross, people such as John of the Cross are constantly having attention drawn to them. It is pointed out that John of the Cross would at that time have only allowed vision to be resorted to if men first received three signs. The first of these signs by which the soul felt itself summoned to vision, that is, to mystical vision, would be inability to contemplate and to make use of imaginative powers, antipathy towards outer contemplation. Thus when the soul feels loath to receive sense-perceptions and to reflect, the time has arrived when it should give itself up passively to the will of God.
The second sign would be perceiving that one no longer desired to employ the imaginative power of the senses in special outer and inner imaginations. Thus the first sign is becoming tired, the second is ceasing to have desire. The third inner sign would be the sensation of most intimate joy felt by the soul in being alone, therefore without sense-perceptions and reflection, but with attention focussed purely on the divine.
Now, my dear friends, you will not read what is in the book Knowledge of the Higher Worlds intelligently without saying to yourself something which it is true, is modified to suit the time, namely: with those three signs I can now first find myself completely in harmony. There is absolutely nothing against the three signs. One has only to meet them with understanding in accordance with existing conditions. Let us then consider the three signs, which John of the Cross sets up as signs on receiving which the soul may turn to mystical vision, and thus to the path into the spiritual supersensible world.
The first sign would be the inability to contemplate and use one's imaginative power, reluctance towards contemplation. We must remember how these words were written before the age of the consciousness soul was fully established. Than when the age of the consciousness soul is established man turns his gaze upon nature as she is presented to him by modern science. But the historical development of mankind must still be reckoned with. We have to reckon that the men around St. John of the Cross were not soaked and steeped in the conceptions that shower in all directions out of modern natural science. St. John of the Cross had only those about him who led a life of devotion to the Catholic Faith, who took their world outlook from this Catholic Faith and were preached to from the pulpits of Catholic Churches. One has to speak differently to such men from how one speaks in the twentieth century to men soaked through by scientific conceptions. For what does it actually mean to be permeated by a scientific outlook? Whether they admit it or not all men are that nowadays down to the last peasant in the last cottage, if he is not just an illiterate, and even illiterates are permeated by scientific conceptions in the form of their thought. Anyone who looks at the world today in the way it must be looked at in the sense of the modern world, if he has a living need for knowledge must, because scientific conceptions inform him only about what is dead, must come to see that scientific observations make it impossible for him to be satisfied with them. There arises exactly what St. John of the Cross describes as the first sign. This sign is produced by the scientific kind of conception. At the time he wrote it was granted to few, today it is granted to all who even begin to think. We must take note of this difference. Were St. John of the Cross to write today he would say: Certainly at that time to those men who felt incapable of observing things outwardly and of setting the imaginative power in movement, mystic vision had to be recommended. Today everyone given up to unprofitable conceptions of science, at a definite point of time becomes capable of abandoning these conceptions, particularly when in their souls they have a longing to find some kind of path to the divine-spiritual. St. John of the Cross spoke to very few candidates; today all thinking men are candidates. This exactly represents the progress of mankind. Thus when man who lives in the scientific age feels this longing today, it is the fulfilment of what St. John of the Cross accepted as the granting of the sign.
The second sign is man's perceiving that he no longer desires to use the imaginative power of the senses for special outer or inner imaginations. My dear friends, the moment science can do no more than afford man a view, a perception, of how he has developed from what is animal, the soul in reality begins to perceive that the desire has flown simply to observe in the outer world what the senses reveal. For these reveal that man has descended from the animals; one no longer has any desire in that direction. And bemuse the time has come—formerly only for the few, now for all thinking men—in the actual sense of John of the Cross one turns to what is the idea behind evolution, that is, one turns to the path into the spiritual world.
The third sign is the experience of joy in the depths of the sea en feeling itself alone in its contemplation of God. Now this inward joy will certainly be felt, as soon as they find their way into the supersensible world, hy all who in this scientific age have absorbed only those concepts offered them by science.
Once again we are faced by the fact, the significant fact, that it is just our Spiritual Science of today that so thoroughly fulfils what, for his time and in his sense, was demanded by such a man as John of the Cross.
The stream of development flows on and today fulfilment has a different appearance from What it then had. There are other contributing factors. whoever looks today with an honest sensefor truth at the evolution of mankind, will say to himself: Because we have entered upon the scientific age, the feeling for super-sensible knowledge must be kept alive in men. Such demands as those of John of the Cross will be fulfilled without further adoif man treads the path marked out, for example, in Knowledge of the Higher Worlds and its Attainment. If he takes this way there will be revealed to him not what was revealed at the time when St. John of the Cross was writing, but there will be revealed to man what lies today on the path of human evolution. At this point we can no longer speak in the sense of pure positivist Christianityas did St. John of the Cross, for the serious fact lies before us, referred to both yesterday and many times previously that today in a certain respect man either consciously or unconsciously passes by the Guardian of the Threshold. There he comes to recognise that he must speak not only of a single divinity but of the divine hierarchies. There he comes to know how Ahriman and Lucifer are to be contrasted with the divine hierarchies. But, my dear friends, just as the Catholic Church wanted to hold men back from accepting the Copernican view until the year 1827, in a similar way it will want to keep men from the supersensible knowledge that is a necessity for our times. Why in this? It is because it does not wish men to be awake to what is streaming into the evolution of mankind from spiritual heights.
It is true that there may be some and there are some who with a certain honesty say the following: Man today is not prepared to approach directly with his soul what comes from the spiritual world; this only does him harm. Then when he meets the Guardian of the Threshold he will not be able to distinguish illusion from reality. Therefore let us give him a grizzly picture of setting out on the spiritual path so that he runs no risk. - Such people do not reckon with the necessities of the age, they reckon with a narrow, limited conception, but it is possible that they are sincere. The majority, however, of those who say things such as: “One dare not set out today on the path to supersensible knowledge” mean something else. From various directions a certain feeling of fear towards truth holds the truth back from flowing in. This feeling of fear, this anxious feeling, is present in the official upholders of widely extended religions; it is also prevalent in certain societies of Freemseons and similar brotherhoods. I have already drawn attention to this from another point of view.2See a XLVII, Leettlres 8 and 9. There are, too, within these Societies some people who are honest from their point of view, but the force with which they hold up the progress of mankind is terribly strong. The following calls for attention. There are those, particularly in the higher grades of these Orders, who say: Man as a rule is not sufficiently mature to come to an immediate knowledge of the spiritual world, therefore he should be held back from direct entrance into the spiritual world. It is a forbidden thing to enter and man shold only be permitted to get as far as the practice of ceremonies prescribed in certain ancient rituals. He should be referred to all manner of symbols which do not lead him directly into the spiritual world but which as far as possible would indeed be symbols of great antiquity. I have told you that in this respect certain Masonic Orders, shall we say, hold to what is in contrast to the dearest impulse of most of the ladies. Most ladies you must know are young, most masonic societies would like to be as old as possible! Where possible, very ancient ritual is indicated or very ancient traditions. Not always, but very frequently it has an untrue intention, but sometimes it is honestly meant when it is said Rituals that are very old can do no harm when carried out by men today, for they are obsolete, they have become rigid, they are merely the shadows of what they have been. Besides, human souls have lived so long with rituals, with their symbols mid what these represent, that they have became habituated to them and will no longer receive shock from the impression of an immediately experienced truth. If people are made acquainted with what is thoroughly old, what still exists only as a shadow, they will be lass exposed to danger. All these things may be argued, my dear friends, but they have to collapse in face of the necessity belonging to this turning point of time. The evil that would come were man to throw back the breaking wave of the spiritual tide, would be greater than all the rest of evil beside. Our real duty in face of all those cosmic spirits who have to do with the evolution of mankind, is to make man realise what, simply throw present cosmic lrws in any case in the unconscious, is taking place in the soul of every man today. In the age of the consciousness soul it is an absolute necessity to call this up into consciousness. It is necessary, also, where what is arising with such power in social dew ads is concerned, that that is actually present in the soul of ran should be recognised. For, externally, existence becomes ever more like a mask, and elmsys merely phenomenal. The possibility absolutely exists for man to have such experience in his soul that he posses by the Guardian of the Threshold; but because of the materialism of the time his consciousness of this passing will be suppressed. What is suppressed, however, what is not conscious, not for that reason non-existent! In spite of all, it is there. Any man passes by the Guardian, but by reason of present education he suppresses this. What it then represents can be something quite different. It may be the deeds of Lenin, it may be the deeds or a member of some kind of Spartacus League. Heed must be paid today to the fact that we have arrived at the age when through the delusive impulses of materialism the passing through certain spiritual impulses may be outwardly masked in a way that is very highly dangerous to mankind.
The times are serious. But action will be in accordance with this seriousness if in man the honest will is only there to interpret with his sound human understanding that can be brought from the spiritual world through a real Science of the Spirit.
Zweiter Vortrag
Es ist vielleicht bedeutungsvoll, gerade anläßlich solcher Betrachtungen, wie wir sie nun pflegen, zurückzuschauen auf manches, was in früheren Zeiten mit dieser oder jener geistigen Strömung zusammenhing. Denn Sie haben ja gesehen: es handelt sich darum, daß die geistigen Ereignisse, die der physischen Welt zugrunde liegen, in der Gegenwart es selbst notwendig machen, daß der Mensch gewissermaßen zu einer Neueinstellung komme mit Bezug auf die ganze Auffassung seines Verhältnisses zur Welt und zu der übrigen Menschheit. Wir haben ja schon gestern in dieser Beziehung auf manches hingewiesen, haben darauf hingewiesen, wie manches neu verstanden werden muß, was, scheinbar gut begründet, von da oder dort in das Geistesleben der Menschheit hereinleuchtet. Sie müssen sich ja klar darüber sein, daß, wenn mit Impulsen, die in solcher Art begründet sind, ernst gemacht wird, sich dann — so wie heute nun einmal der Verlauf des Lebens ist — gegen diesen Ernst und gegen diese Impulse überhaupt der Widerstand erhebt, der Widerstand des Hasses, der Widerstand des Neides, der Widerstand der Furcht, der aus der Kleinlichkeit der Menschen kommt, und so weiter. Nur das gründliche Verständnis der Dinge kann über die vielen Hindernisse hinweghelfen, denen der Bekenner eines solchen geistigen Umschwunges ausgesetzt ist. Denn dieses gründliche Verständnis ist ja geeignet, der Seele auch Stärke zu geben, so daß diese Seele manchem gewachsen ist, was gerade gegen die ernstesten Bestrebungen im Weltengetriebe immer sich geltend gemacht hat. Und so wollen wir denn heute das gestern Gesagte durch manches andere noch ergänzen.
Ich habe gestern darauf hingewiesen, wie man durchaus — gerade wenn man auf geisteswissenschaftlichem Boden steht — objektiv sein kann gegen alle andern Geistesströmungen, wie man durchaus andere Geistesströmungen nicht zu verkennen braucht. Von diesem Gesichtspunkte aus habe ich gesagt, daß mit Bezug auf gewisse Punkte die Vertreter des katholischen Klerus bei manchen gegenwärtigen außerkirchlichen philosophischen, theologischen Auseinandersetzungen durch ihre Schulung den Nichtkatholiken überlegen sind. Gerade jetzt leben wir in einer Zeit, in der jeder, der mit Weltanschauungsfragen ernst machen will, sich mit solchen Dingen auseinandersetzen sollte. Sowohl die Weltanschauungsströmungen wie auch die sozialen Strömungen der Gegenwart fordern dieses. Die Versuchungen, die gerade von gut geschulter Seite ausgehen, könnten nämlich zuweilen groß werden, und es könnte das, was da vorgebracht wird, dann nicht durchschaut werden, nicht erkannt werden in seiner eigentlichen Bedeutungslosigkeit gegenüber den größeren Forderungen der Gegenwart, wenn man sich nicht auf eine ganz gründliche Betrachtung einläßt. Die Versuchungen, den Einwendungen gut geschulter Gegner geisteswissenschaftlicher Bestrebungen zu verfallen, sie sind in der Tat nicht gering in der Gegenwart. Allerdings, wenn die Menschen genügend Unterscheidungsvermögen hätten, wenn sie sich bestreben würden, einzugehen auf die Tatsache der Begründetheit, der breiten Begründetheit dieser Geisteswissenschaft, so würden sie solchen Versuchungen wenig ausgesetzt sein. Aber solches Unterscheidungsvermögen ist ja nur selten. Was als Geisteswissenschaft sich in die Weltenströmung einfügen will, so wie wir das auffassen, das erklärt ja mancherlei Angriffe, und erklärt auch Angriffe gerade von dem Gesichtspunkt des katholischen Bekenntnisses zum Beispiel. Aber notwendig ist es schon, sich mit solchen Dingen zu befassen aus dem Grunde, weil in dem Chaos, das hereinbrechen wird, und das leider die Menschen viel zu wenig würdigen, viel zu wenig beachten, weil in diesem Chaos auch mancherlei, was von katholischen Bekenntnisinhalten ausgeht, verwirrend stehen wird.
Nun möchte ich Sie heute bekanntmachen mit der Richtung des Urteiles, das so ein richtiger katholischer Bekenner gegen das eine oder andere in der Geisteswissenschaft schon vorbringen kann, wenn er voraussetzen kann, daß er unverständige Leser oder Zuhörer findet. Einer der gebräuchlichsten Einwände gegen die hier gemeinte Geisteswissenschaft ist ja der, dal sie Pantheismus sei. Einer der Haupteinwände, die zum Beispiel gemacht wurden in den Aufsätzen des Jesuiten Zimmermann in den «Stimmen der Zeit», ist der, daß diese Geisteswissenschaft Pantheismus sei.
Sie wissen, ich habe über diesen Punkt öfter gesprochen; Sie wissen, wie ich charakterisiert habe, daß gerade der banale Pantheismus, der so viele Kreise in der Gegenwart beherrscht, im Ernste nur überwunden werden kann durch das Eintreten in die konkrete geistige Welt, von der die Geisteswissenschaft spricht. Natürlich ist es auf solcher Seite, von der die genannten Einwände kommen, nicht beabsichtigt, der wirklichen Wahrheit auf den Grund zu gehen, vielmehr ist es ihr Bestreben, mit Berechnung alles dessen, was als Vorurteile innerhalb einer gewissen Bekenntnisanhängerschaft lebt, solche Dinge vorzubringen, die eine gewisse Suggestions- und hypnotisierende Wirkung haben. Pantheismus wäre ja die Anschauung, daß in alledem, was sich als Natur ausbreitet, was sich überhaupt als Erscheinungswelt ausbreitet, das Göttliche lebe, daß gewissermaßen die Natur selber als eine unmittelbare Offenbarung des Göttlichen anzusehen sei. Gerade gegen diesen verwaschenen Pantheismus, der nur immer davon spricht, es breite sich die Erscheinungswelt aus und hinter ihr sei Geist, Geist, Geist, habe ich mich immer gewandt. Ich habe immer darauf aufmerksam gemacht, wie dies das gleiche ist, wie wenn jemand auf dem physischen Plan nicht eingehen wollte darauf, daß da Tulpen und Rosen und Lilien sind, sondern nur Pflanzen, Pflanzen, Pflanzen! - Geisteswissenschaft geht eben auf die einzelnen konkreten geistigen Wesenheiten ein, spricht nicht in pantheistischer Weise im allgemeinen vom Geiste. Ein anderes Charakteristikon des Pantheismus ist dieses, daß man sagt: Der Pantheismus will die äußere Naturwelt nicht trennen von dem Göttlich-Geistigen, er will beide miteinander vermischen. - Nun, man muß schon Jesuit sein, um sich den Anschein zu geben, daß man den Glauben hat, da, wo so gesprochen wird von der konkreten Stellung der in sich selber individualisierten, in sich selber persönlich und überpersönlich bestehenden Wesenheiten der höheren Hierarchien, könne von einer Vermischung dieser ganzen Welt der Hierarchien mit der äußeren Natur die Rede sein. Wer wirklich denken kann, wird mit dem Vorwurf des Pantheismus gegenüber einer solchen Charakteristik der Hierarchienwelt und ihrer einzelnen Wesenheiten gegenüber der Natur überhaupt nichts anfangen können.
Bleibt noch das einzige, was nun in jenen Aufsätzen in den «Stimmen der Zeit» besonders hervorgehoben wird, daß davon gesprochen wird — was in der katholischen Kirche als häretisch gelten soll —- innerhalb meiner Geisteswissenschaft, daß in der Seele des Menschen das Göttliche lebt, daß die Seele des Menschen selber ein Tropfen in dem Meere des Göttlichen ist. Solche und ähnliche Aussprüche werden da zusammengestellt, und die werden hingestellt als Ketzereien innerhalb des katholischen Bekenntnisses.
Also es wird darauf hingewiesen, wie die Lehre, daß in der Seele unmittelbar ein Göttliches leben soll, ketzerisch und zu verdammen sei. Ein vernünftiger Mensch könnte gewiß sagen: Es ist nicht notwendig, daß du mich erst aufmerksam machst auf solche Torheiten. — Aber darauf kommt es nicht an; darum handelt es sich nicht. Sondern es muß sich darum handeln, daß diese Dinge eine reale Rolle spielen in der Welt, daß diese Dinge da, wo man täuschen will, eine ganz gewaltige Rolle spielen werden, und daß man schon aufmerksam sein muß auf diese Dinge. Sie hängen aber mit noch anderem zusammen. Und nun wollen wir einmal absehen von dem oder jenem wirklich gemachten Angriffe und uns einmal jemanden vor die Seele führen, der entweder im Jesuitismus lebend, stumpf gemacht ist in bezug auf das eigene Nachdenken, oder der bewußt darinnen lebt, das heißt, der also weiß, daß er für sich selber ja über die Dinge nicht nachzudenken braucht, sondern daß er nur im Sinne des offiziell anerkannten Bekenntnisses die Gläubigen zu beurteilen hat, sei es so oder so; und führen wir uns einmal vor Augen, wie die Auseinandersetzungen eines solchen Menschen gegenüber dem geisteswissenschaftlichen Wege selbst beschaffen sein können. Ich sage Ihnen da also nichts anderes als — die Durchschnittsmeinung möchte ich nicht sagen, weil Meinung da nicht richtig am Platze ist - die Durchschnittsaussage eines offiziellen Vertreters der römisch-katholischen Kirche gegenüber dem Wege der Geisteswissenschaft, wie er von einem Bekenner von heute gegangen wird.
Der würde etwa sagen: Ja, auf solchem Wege, wie er von der Geisteswissenschaft zur Erringung der übersinnlichen Einsichten anempfohlen wird, auf solchem Wege darf der katholische Christ nicht gehen. Denn alle Kirchenväter und Kirchenlehrer - so wird der jetzige Kleriker etwa sagen - verdammen einen solchen Weg. Ein solcher Weg führt ja dazu, daß der Mensch in sich besondere Fähigkeiten hervorrufen soll, um in die übersinnliche Welt hinaufzukommen. Das aber ist ketzerisch, das darf überhaupt nicht angestrebt werden. Alles, was angestrebt werden darf von einem rechtgläubigen Katholiken, ist das, was die Kirchenlehrer als die «rechtmäßige Beschauung» gelten lassen. Diese rechtmäßige Beschauung, die läßt ja der gegenwärtige römisch abgestempelte Kleriker gelten. Was versteht er darunter?
Sie werden sich einen Begriff machen können von dem, was er darunter versteht, wenn Sie unterscheiden zwischen zweierlei Gaben, die im Sinne der rechtgläubigen katholischen Kirche der Mensch, der gläubige Katholik haben kann. Die eine von den Gaben sind die sogenannten Gratiae gratis datae, die übernatürlichen Gnadengaben, könnte man sagen, die Charismen. Die andern Gaben sind diejenigen, welche man nennen kann die allgemein-menschlichen Gaben. Die außerordentlichen Gaben, die Charismen, sind als eine besondere Gnadengabe außerordentlichen Menschen verliehen, dürfen aber auch nicht angestrebt werden, so befiehlt die Kirche. Als Beispiel würde etwa angeführt werden die Jungfrau von Orleans. Dagegen darf angestrebt werden eine gewisse Erhöhung des allgemeinen Seelenlebens, die aber den Menschen nicht zu außerordentlichen Fähigkeiten bringt, sondern nu: zu einer Steigerung der allgemeinen menschlichen Fähigkeiten. Eine solche Steigerung der allgemeinen menschlichen Fähigkeiten bewirkt jedoch, daß jeder Mensch - so sagt die heutige römisch-katholische Kirche - in die Lage kommen kann, von dem Heiligen Geiste durchdrungen zu werden.
Also sagen wir so: Der gewöhnliche Sterbliche denkt etwas, oder fühlt etwas, oder tut etwas. Er ist nach dem Gebote der Kirche, nach dem Gebote des Staates verpflichtet, diese Dinge so und so zu tun; er kann sich bemühen, mit seinem gewöhnlichen sterblichen Nachdenken seine Handlung kirchengemäß, staatsgemäß — das heißt ja dann im Sinne der Kirche gottesgemäß - auszuüben. Aber er kann auch bemerken, wenn er sonst ordentlich ist als katholischer Christ, daß der Heilige Geist öfter eingreift in sein Handeln, Denken, Fühlen, und daß er dann gewisse Tugenden, die ihm sonst Schwierigkeiten machen, leichter ausführt, weil der Heilige Geist in ihm wirkt. Das darf aber nicht etwa so angestrebt werden, als wollte der Mensch über den gewöhnlichen Status des menschlichen Strebens hinausgehen und besondere Fähigkeiten entwickeln, um in die übersinnliche Welt einzudringen. Alles solches Streben ist verwerflich.
Nun, damit habe ich Ihnen charakterisiert, was ein richtig abgestempelter römisch-katholischer Kleriker einwenden würde gegen dasjenige, was zum Beispiel in «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?» steht. Er würde sagen: Da sind besondere Fähigkeiten angestrebt, die ihn in den Stand setzen sollen, sich mit der geistigen Welt in einer gewissen Weise zu vereinigen. Das darf er aber nicht. Er darf nur rein passiv sich verhalten, bis er bemerkt, daß in sein Gemüt herein die Impulse des Heiligen Geistes kommen und nicht eine qualitative Änderung seines Verhaltens bewirken, sondern nur eine Steigerung, gewissermaßen eine Erleichterung im Tugendhaftsein, eine Erleichterung in den andern Fähigkeiten, die der Mensch auf dem äußeren physischen Plane ausübt.
Das können Sie heute nicht nur gegen unsere Geisteswissenschaft, sondern Sie können das lesen gegen alle Bestrebungen, die darauf hinauslaufen, daß der Mensch anstreben will, aus sich heraus einen solchen Menschen zu erzeugen, der eine geistige Welt um sich herum ebenso erblickt, wie der physische Mensch mit seinen physischen Sinnen eine physische Welt um sich herum erblickt. Das ist auch allen denjenigen geläufig, die da glauben, auf dem ganz festen Boden des von Rom aus diktierten christlichen Glaubens zu stehen. Und im weitesten Umkreise wird derjenige heute als ein Ketzer angesehen, der anders über diese Dinge denkt, als ich es Ihnen eben charakterisiert habe. Man muß sich, wenn man so etwas bespricht, immer klarmachen, daß diese Dinge eine reale Rolle spielen in der Welt, daß diese Dinge auf Millionen von Menschen heute noch immer einen ungeheuren Einfluß haben. Man muß nicht so egoistisch sein, zu meinen, weil man selbst mit diesen Dingen glaubt fertig zu sein — aber auch nur glaubt fertig zu sein —, brauche man sich nicht darum zu kümmern. Das gerade ist der große Schaden der Gegenwart, namentlich auch mit Bezug auf die soziale Bewegung, daß die Menschen so egoistisch sind, daß sie nur immer auf die Bedürfnisse der eigenen Seele sehen und nicht hinblicken wollen auf das, was Mensch mit Mensch verbindet, auf das, was durch Millionen und Millionen von Menschen als treibender Impuls geht, und was dann, wenn es zur rechten Zeit hervorbricht, dies oder jenes überfluten kann, was in dieser oder jener Form so auftritt, wie jetzt eben die Dinge auftreten in der Welt. Es ist heute notwendig, auch über die Quellen dieser Dinge und über die notwendige Stellung zu diesen Dingen sich aufzukläten.
Nun berufen sich in der Regel die in Rom abgestempelten Kleriker auf die Kirchenlehrer. Sie gehen zurück auf die Kirchenlehrer früherer Jahrhunderte und leiten aus deren Aussagen das ab, wovon sie glauben, daß es übereinstimme mit dem, was ich Ihnen eben charakterisiert habe. Nun kann ich Ihnen ja natürlich nicht stundenlange Vorlesungen halten über die Lehre der Kirchenlehrer, aber ich möchte Sie doch auf einiges in dieser Richtung aufmerksam machen, namentlich darauf, welche Stellung der Mensch des Bewußtseinszeitalters, das mit dem 15. Jahrhundert begonnen hat, zu diesen Dingen einnehmen kann.
Erstens also müssen wir ins Auge fassen, daß der Weg in die geistige Welt, wie ihn die Geisteswissenschaft meint, für ketzerisch gehalten wird. Das sagen die heute rechtmäßig römisch abgestempelten Kleriker. Zweitens müssen wir beachten, daß der Vorwurf erhoben wird, Geisteswissenschaft spreche davon, daß der Mensch des Göttlichen teilhaftig werden könne in seiner eigenen Seele, und das sei ketzerisch, wie wiederum die in Rom abgestempelten Kleriker des Katholizismus heute sagen.
Wollen wir einmal genauer ansehen, was ein äußerlich — aber nicht innerlich, wie wir gleich nachher sehen werden -— sehr anerkannter Kirchenlehrer, äußerlich sehr auch von Rom anerkannter Kirchenlehrer, über so etwas sagt, wie die Beschauung, von der ich Ihnen ja einiges Charakteristische vorhin angeführt habe. Johannes vom Kreuz spricht zum Beispiel über dasjenige, was Beschauung werden soll für den rechtmäßigen, christlich-katholischen Gläubigen, der durch diese Beschauung über den bloßen, allgemeinen Kirchenglauben hinauskommen soll zu einer Art höherer Anschauung von dem Göttlichen, das die Welt durchpulst. Das erlaubt auch heute die katholische Kirche, daß durch Beschauung der Mensch hinausgelangt über das, was nur allgemeiner Glaube ist. Aber sie verbietet, daß der Mensch hinausgelange zu übersinnlichen Fähigkeiten, Fähigkeiten, die in die übersinnliche Welt so hineinführen, wie die äußeren Sinne in die Sinnenwelt hineinführen. Nun sagt der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz: Die Zeit ist gekommen — er meint die Zeit der Beschauung -, wo das Nachdenken und die Betrachtung, welche die Seele vorher mit ihren eigenen Kräften vornahm, nachgerade aufhören und sich die Seele der vormaligen Genüsse und fühlbaren Freuden beraubt sieht.
Also diesen Zustand gibt der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz zu, daß man schweigen läßt das gewöhnliche Nachdenken, wodurch man sich auseinandersetzt mit den Dingen des physischen Planes, die man durch die Sinne wahrnimmt und durch den Verstand begreift; daß man sich enthält also der gewöhnlichen Betrachtung, welche die Seele mit ihren eigenen Kräften vornimmt, daß auch die Genüsse, welche die Seele in solchen Betrachtungen und in solchem Verhältnis zur äußeren Natur hat, aufhören. Das gibt er zu.
Zu einem Zustand der Dürre und "Trockenheit verurteilt - sagt er dann weiter -, kann die Seele nicht mehr Erwägungen mit ihrem Verstande anstellen. — Also indem man die Sinne verschließt, indem man den Verstand stillstehen läßt — das fordert er als Herbeiführung zur Beschauung -, kommt man mit der Seele in eine Art Dürre und Trokkenheit. Dadurch kommt man eben zu jener Teilhaftigkeit mit dem göttlichen Wesen, die der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz für erlaubt hält. Also wenn die Seele nicht mehr Erwägungen mit ihrem Verstande anstellt, noch auch eine sinnliche Stütze findet, da bereichern sich nicht mehr die Sinne; den Nutzen hat der Geist, ohne daß er etwas von den Sinnen empfängt. Daraus ergibt sich, daß in diesem Zustande Gott der Haupthandelnde ist.
Also fassen Sie die Sache genau auf. Der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz sagt: Der Mensch kann das Nachdenken einstellen, die Aufnahme von äußeren Wahrnehmungen durch die Sinne auch einstellen, die Seele kann passiv werden, die Seele tut von sich selbst aus nichts mehr. Dadurch wird Gott in der Seele der Haupthandelnde. Er selber unterweist die Seele und gibt ihr eine eingegossene Erkenntnis mit. Er schenkt ihr in der Beschauung ganz geistige Güter, die Erkenntnis und Liebe Gottes zumal, ohne daß die Seele sich im Nachdenken übt oder andere Übungen vornimmt, die sie nicht mehr wie vordem verrichten kann.
Nehmen Sie diese Worte eines auch heute in Rom als rechtmäßig anerkannten Kirchenvaters, des sogar heilig gesprochenen Johannes vom Kreuz, nehmen Sie diese Worte und stellen Sie sie gegenüber dem Vorwurf des Pantheismus, der gerade neulich gegen Geisteswissenschaft erhoben worden ist, weil Geisteswissenschaft davon spreche, daß zum Beispiel das Seelenleben sich wie ein Tropfen verhalte im Meere der Göttlichkeit, also selbst göttlichen Wesens sei, was nach den heute predigenden und gläubigen Klerikern ketzerisch ist. Aber der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz beschreibt die Möglichkeit, zu einem passiven Zustand der Seele zu kommen, wo das Nachdenken und das Sinnenwahrnehmen ausgeschlossen ist, und wo Gott in der Seele der Haupthandelnde ist, wo Gott, nach den Worten des Johannes vom Kreuz, der Seele in der Beschauung ganz geistige Güter schenkt, wo er selber die Seele unterweist und ihr eine eingegossene Erkenntnis mitteilt.
Nun frage ich Sie: Was sollen diese Worte für einen Sinn haben, wenn man jetzt behauptet, daß die menschliche Seele niemals in einen realen Zusammenhang mit dem göttlichen Wesen gebracht werden soll? Was soll es für einen Sinn haben, wenn Johannes vom Kreuz sagt: Gott ist in der Seele der Haupthandelnde —- und es doch ketzerisch sein soll, davon zu sprechen, daß des Menschen Seele mit Gott in einen unmittelbaren wissentlichen Zusammenhang gebracht werden soll? - Wenn man sagt, die Seele verhalte sich zu dem GesamtGöttlich-Geistigen wie der Tropfen im Meere, der gleicher Wesenheit ist mit dem gesamten Meereswasser, eben ein Tropfen aus dem Meere ist — dürfte das als unerlaubter Pantheismus aufgefaßt werden, wenn Wahrheit waltete, wenn doch gleichzeitig anerkannt wird, daß ein rechtmäßiger Kirchenvater, der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz, die Möglichkeit zugibt, daß Gott der Haupthandelnde in der menschlichen Seele wird! Dieses Faktum müssen Sie sich vor die Seele rükken, um zu erkennen, wie weit heute Wahrheit in den offiziellen Strömungen waltet: daß man sich gleichzeitig beruft auf solche Lehrer wie den heiligen Johannes vom Kreuz, der ja wahrhaftig mit noch viel deutlicheren Worten, nämlich um populär zu den Menschen zu sprechen, einen «Pantheismus» lehrt - wenn man das Pantheismus nennen will - als die Geisteswissenschaft. Aber diese hält man für ketzerisch, und was tut man? Man läßt den heiligen Johannes vom Kreuz als maßgebenden Kirchenvater gelten, und betrügt die Leute, indem man ihnen sagt: Der Pantheismus ist nicht erlaubt. - Das heißt aber doch: Niemand darf behaupten, es sei ketzerisch, wenn man sagt, Gott sei in der Seele unmittelbar anwesend, so daß die menschliche Seele das wissen kann.
Nein, heute sollen die Leute nicht gedankenlos sein; sie dürfen nicht gedankenlos sein, wenn nicht noch größeres Unglück über die Menschheit hereinbrechen soll. Heute sollen sich die Menschen bewußt vorhalten können, daß eine solche Entstellung der Wahrheit offiziell durch die Welt geleitet werden kann.
Und ein anderer Ausspruch des heiligen Johannes vom Kreuz ist: Die inneren Güter, die diese schweigende Beschauung der Seele eindrückt, ihr selbst unbewußt, sind unschätzbar. Kurz, sie sind nichts anderes als die überaus geheimnisvollen und ungemein zarten Salbungen des Heiligen Geistes, der, da er Gott ist, als Gott handelt: Der Heilige Geist handelt als Gott in der Seele unmittelbar — sagt der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz; das ist katholisch gewesen zur Zeit des Johannes vom Kreuz, das heißt, vor dem Beginn des Bewußtseinszeitalters - und wirkt und überflutet insgeheim die Seele mit Reichtümern und Gaben und Gnaden in einem Maß, daß es nicht zu beschreiben ist. - In der Beschauung - das ist ein anderer Ausspruch des heiligen Johannes vom Kreuz - ist man empfangend. — Und ein anderer Satz des heiligen Johannes ist der folgende: In der Beschauung ist es Gott, der da wirkt - in der Seele drinnen nämlich.
Und nun frage ich Sie: Was soll es nun heißen, wenn irgendeiner von denjenigen, die heute über die Ketzerei schreiben, sagt, es sei ketzerisch, zu behaupten, Gott sei wesenseins mit der menschlichen Seele!
So liegen eben die Dinge. Aber so schläfrig sind die Menschen, daß sie heute gar nicht darauf achten, wie gewirtschaftet wird mit der Wahrheit. Daß eine so furchtbare Katastrophe in die Welt hereingekommen ist, beruht aber letzten Endes doch darauf, daß man sich so wenig um dasjenige kümmert, was als Wahrheit durch die Welt geleitet wird. Darauf beruht es auch, daß die Wahrheit so gehaßt werden kann, wie sie heute noch immer von gewissen Leuten gehaßt wird.
Insbesondere bemüht sich heute der in Rom abgestempelte Kleriker immer wieder und wiederum zu betonen, daß kein Unterschied herrschen sollte zwischen den gewöhnlichen Fähigkeiten, wie sie der Gläubige im Glauben entwickelt, und jener Steigerung des Glaubens, die in der Beschauung zum Ausdrucke kommt. Es soll kein Unterschied bestehen oder höchstens ein Gradunterschied, denn wenn ein wirklicher Unterschied angestrebt werde, so sei das ketzerisch. Der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz sagt aber: Der Unterschied besteht darin, daß man beim Glauben nur dunkel sieht, in der seelischen Anschauung ihn — er meint Gott — aber unverhüllt schaut. -— Das war dazumal katholisch, als der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz vor der Entstehung des Zeitalters der Bewußtseinsseele die Dinge niedergeschrieben hat. Aber was heute von diesen Dingen als Katholizismus herrscht, das ist der Schatten von dem, das ist nicht mehr das Licht. Eigentlich sehr schön für die damalige Zeit beschreibt Johannes vom Kreuz den mystischen Erkenntnisweg, den Weg ins Übersinnliche hinein, indem er sagt: Die enge Pforte, das ist die Nacht der Sinne. Um durch sie hindurchzugehen, muß die Seele sich von sich selbst frei machen und losschälen. — Für die damalige Zeit ist das so gesprochen, wie man heute nicht von Rom aus, aber in der Geisteswissenschaft spricht. Die Geisteswissenschaft ist die wirkliche Fortsetzung solcher edler Bestrebungen in die geistige Welt hinaus, wie sie bei Johannes vom Kreuz auftreten. Nur ist sie die Fortsetzung eben für die heutige Zeit. Sie rechnet mit dem Fortschritt der Menschheit.
Die enge Pforte ist die Nacht der Sinne. Um durch sie hindurchzugehen, muß die Seele sich von sich selbst frei machen und losschälen. Und indem sie alsdann den Glauben, der mit den Sinnen nichts zu schaffen hat, sich zum Führer nimmt, wandelt sie auf dem engen Weg der zweiten Nacht zu der Nacht der Geister. Und sehr schön beschreibt der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz diese Vereinigung mit dem Göttlich-Geistigen: Die Vereinigung vollzieht sich, wenn die zwei Willen, jener der Seele nämlich und der göttliche Wille, gleichförmig werden.
Man kann nicht deutlicher ausdrücken, daß ein göttlicher Wille da ist, der durch die-Welt waltet, und ein Eigenwille der Seele, und beide ineinander aufgehen in der Beschauung. Das soll aber heute ketzerisch sein. Die Wahrheit würde man ehrlich vertreten, wenn man sagen würde: Der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz ist heute kein Heiliger mehr, sondern er ist ein Ketzer. - Das würde, wenn er seine Behauptungen aufrechterhalten wollte, der römische Kleriker verpflichtet sein zu sagen.
Also der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz sagt: Die Vereinigung vollzieht sich, wenn die zwei Willen, jener der Seele nämlich und der göttliche Wille, gleichförmig werden -, das heißt, wenn in dem einen nichts ist, was dem andern widerstrebt. Nun aber, auf dem Gebiete der rechtmäßigen römisch-katholischen Klerikerschaft ist man sehr darauf aus, den bloßen sogenannten Gläubigen und auch den niederen Klerikern den Weg zur eigenen Erkenntnis zu versperren. Daher weist man heute, obwohl man eigentlich solche Leute wie den Johannes vom Kreuz verleugnet, doch immer wieder und wiederum auf solche Menschen hin wie Johannes vom Kreuz. Man weist darauf hin, daß Johannes vom Kreuz ja nur dann erlaubt hätte, daß man sich der Beschauung zuwendet, wenn den Menschen drei Zeichen dazu auffordern.
Das erste Zeichen, durch das die Seele sich aufgefordert fühlen könnte, sich der Beschauung, also der mystischen Beschauung zuzuwenden, das wäre die Unfähigkeit, zu betrachten und sich der Einbildungskraft zu bedienen, der Widerwille gegen die äußere Betrachtung. Also wenn die Seele Widerwillen empfindet gegen die Aufnahme der Sinneswahrnehmung und gegen das Nachdenken, so ist der Zeitpunkt gekommen, wo sie sich passiv hingeben darf dem Willen Gottes.
Das zweite Zeichen wäre die Wahrnehmung, daß man keine Lust mehr hat, die Einbildungskraft der Sinne mit besonderen äußeren und inneren Eindrücken zu beschäftigen. Also das erste, daß man müde geworden ist, das zweite, daß man keine Lust mehr hat. Das dritte innere Zeichen wäre die Empfindung der innersten Freude, die die Seele hat mit dem Alleinsein — also nicht mit dem Sinneswahrnehmen und Nachdenken - und mit der bloßen Aufmerksamkeit auf das Göttliche.
Nun, Sie werden nicht mit Verständnis lesen können, was in dem Buche «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?» steht, wenn Sie nicht, allerdings abgestimmt auf unsere Zeit, sich sagen werden: Mit jenen drei Zeichen kann ich erst recht vollständig einverstanden sein. — Es ist gar nichts einzuwenden gegen diese drei Zeichen. Man muß ihnen nur Verständnis im Sinne der unmittelbaren Gegenwart entgegenbringen. Betrachten wir einmal diese drei Zeichen, die also der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz als diejenigen Zeichen betrachtet, auf die hin die Seele sich der mystischen Beschauung zuwenden darf, also sich hinwenden darf zum Wege in die geistige, übersinnliche Welt hinein.
Das erste Zeichen wäre Unfähigkeit, zu betrachten und sich der Einbildungskraft zu bedienen, ein Widerwille gegen die Betrachtung. Wir müssen bedenken, diese Worte sind geschrieben in der Zeit, als das Bewußtseinszeitalter noch nicht angebrochen war. Nun bricht das Bewußtseinszeitalter über die Menschheit herein, nun kommen die Betrachtungen des Menschen über die Natur, so wie sie die neuere Naturwissenschaft darbietet. Man muß doch wirklich rechnen mit der geschichtlichen Entwickelung der Menschheit. Man muß damit rechnen, daß der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz nicht Menschen um sich hatte, die durchzogen und durchtränkt waren von denjenigen Vorstellungen, die heute aus der Naturwissenschaft überall hinträufeln. Der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz hatte nur Menschen um sich, die gläubig in die katholische Kirche gingen, die ihre Weltanschauung von dem Glauben empfingen, der gepredigt wurde von den Kanzeln der katholischen Kirche. Zu denen mußte man anders sprechen als zu Menschen des 20. Jahrhunderts, welche durchtränkt sind von naturwissenschaftlichen Anschauungen. Was heißt denn das eigentlich: durchtränkt von naturwissenschaftlichen Anschauungen? Alle Menschen sind es heute, ob sie es zugeben oder nicht, bis zum letzten Bauern in die letzte Hütte hinein, wenn er nicht gerade ein Analphabet ist; und selbst Analphabeten sind heute schon in ihren Denkformen von naturwissenschaftlichen Vorstellungen durchdrungen. Wer aber heute die Welt anschaut, wie man sie nach dem Sinn der heutigen Welt anschauen muß, der muß — weil die naturwissenschaftlichen Vorstellungen ihm nur über das Tote berichten — zu der Einsicht kommen, wenn er ein lebendiges Erkenntnisbedürfnis hat, daß diese naturwissenschaftlichen Betrachtungen ihn unfähig machen, bei ihnen stehenzubleiben. Es tritt genau das ein, was der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz im ersten Zeichen beschreibt. Durch die naturwissenschaftliche Vorstellungsart selbst ist dieses Zeichen erfüllt. Dazumal, als er schrieb, war es bei einigen erfüllt, heute ist es bei allen erfüllt, die überhaupt anfangen zu denken. Diesen Unterschied muß man in Betracht ziehen. Würde der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz heute schreiben, dann würde er sagen: Gewiß, dazumal mußte denjenigen Menschen, die sich unfähig fühlten, äußerlich die Dinge zu betrachten und die Einbildungskraft in Bewegung zu setzen, die mystische Beschauung empfohlen werden. Heute sind alle, die nur den unfruchtbaren naturwissenschaftlichen Vorstellungen hingegeben sind, in einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt unfähig, nur diesen unfruchtbaren naturwissenschaftlichen Vorstellungen sich hinzugeben, namentlich dann, wenn sie Sehnsucht haben in ihrer Seele, überhaupt einen Weg zum GöttlichGeistigen zu finden. Der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz sprach zu einigen wenigen Kandidaten; heute sind die Kandidaten alle denkenden Menschen. Das bedeutet gerade den Fortschritt der Menschheit. Also es wird gerade heute das erfüllt, was der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz von dem Zeichen dann als erfüllt annimmt, wenn der im naturwissenschaftlichen Zeitalter lebende Mensch nun gerade jenen Drang fühlt.
Das zweite ist die Wahrnehmung, daß man keine Lust mehr hat, die Einbildungskraft der Sinne mit besonderen äußeren oder inneren Einbildungen zu beschäftigen. In dem Augenblicke, wo die Naturwissenschaft nicht anders kann, als dem Menschen nur eine Betrachtung geben, eine Anschauung darüber, wie er sich aus der Tierheit herauf entwickelt hat, da entsteht doch wahrhaftig in der Seele die Wahrnehmung, daß man keine Lust mehr hat, bloß das zu betrachten, was in der äußeren Welt die Sinne offenbaren! Die offenbaren eben, daß der Mensch von der Tierheit abstammt; da hat man keine Lust mehr. Da wendet man sich dann, weil die Zeit eingetreten ist dazumal nur für einige, jetzt für alle denkenden Menschen --, gerade im Sinne des Johannes vom Kreuz zu dem, was: Entwickelungsanschauung ist, nämlich zu dem Weg in die geistige Welt hinein.
Das dritte ist das Erleben der Freude in der Empfindung, im Innersten der Seele, im Alleinsein in der Aufmerksamkeit auf Gott. Nun, diese innigste Freude wird ganz gewiß jeder empfinden, der in diesem naturwissenschaftlichen Zeitalter nur diejenigen Begriffe aufgenommen hat, welche die Naturwissenschaft ihm bietet, sobald er den Weg finden kann in die übersinnliche Welt hinein.
Wiederum stehen wir vor der Tatsache, vor der bedeutsamen Tatsache, daß gerade neuere Geisteswissenschaft so recht das erfüllt, was für seine Zeit in seinem Sinne solch ein Mensch wie Johannes vom Kreuz forderte. Nur schreitet der Strom der Entwickelung weiter, und heute nimmt sich die Erfüllung anders aus, als sie sich dazumal ausgenommen hat. Es kommt etwas anderes noch dazu. Wer heute hineinschaut mit ehrlichem Wahrheitssinn in die Menschheitsentwikkelung, der sagt sich: Weil wir eingetreten sind in das naturwissenschaftliche Zeitalter, muß der Sinn für übersinnliche Erkenntnis in den Menschen wachgehalten werden. Es werden einfach solche Forderungen wie die des Johannes vom Kreuz erfüllt, wenn der Mensch heute den Weg betritt, der vorgezeichnet wird zum Beispiel in «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?». Betritt er aber heute diesen Weg, dann offenbart sich ihm nicht das, was sich in jener Zeit geoffenbart hat, als der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz geschrieben hat, sondern es offenbart sich dem Menschen das, was heute im Wege der Menschenentwickelung liegt. Und da kann man dann nicht mehr so sprechen, wie bloß im Sinne des positivistischen Christentums der heilige Johannes vom Kreuz gesprochen hat. Denn es liegt die ernste Tatsache vor, auf die wir gestern und schon öfter hingewiesen haben: daß heute der Mensch entweder unbewußt oder bewußt in einer gewissen Beziehung an dem Hüter der Schwelle vorbeikommt. Da lernt er erkennen, wie er nicht nur von einem Einheitsgotte, sondern wie er von den göttlichen Hierarchien sprechen muß. Da lernt er erkennen, wie er das Ahrimanische und Luziferische kontrastieren muß mit den göttlichen Hierarchien. Aber wie die katholische Kirche bis zum Jahre 1822 die Menschen abhalten wollte, an den Kopernikanismus zu glauben, so will sie heute die Menschen abhalten, in die wirklich von der Zeit notwendig geforderten übersinnlichen Erkenntnisse einzutreten. Warum? Weil sie nicht will, daß die Menschen aufmerksam werden auf das, was aus geistigen Höhen in die Menschheitsentwickelung hineinströmen will.
Gewiß, es mag auch einige geben und es gibt einige, die in gewissem Sinne ehrlich das Folgende sagen: Der Mensch ist ja heute wirklich nicht vorbereitet, mit seiner Seele unmittelbar dem entgegenzutreten, was aus der geistigen Welt hereinkommt; das gereicht ihm nur zum Unheil. Er kann dann, wenn er vor den Hüter der Schwelle hintritt, Täuschung nicht von Wirklichkeit unterscheiden. Also machen wir ihm möglichst graulich davor, selber sich auf den Weg des Geistigen zu begeben, damit er nicht gefährdet werde. -— Es mag solche Leute geben, sie rechnen nicht mit den Notwendigkeiten der Zeit, sie rechnen mit einer eingeschränkten, bornierten Vorstellung, aber sie können vielleicht ehrlich sein. Aber die Mehrzahl derer, die solche Dinge sagen, wie: daß man sich heute nicht auf den Weg der übersinnlichen Erkentnisse begeben dürfe -, die meinen die Dinge nicht so. Von den verschiedensten Seiten wird aus einem gewissen Angstgefühl gegen die Wahrheit das Hereinfluten dieser Wahrheit zurückgehalten. Dieses Angstgefühl, das haben weithin ausgedehnte Kirchenbekenntnisse in ihren offiziellen Vertretern; das haben aber auch gewisse maurerische und ähnliche Gesellschaften. Ich habe von einem andern Gesichtspunkte schon darauf aufmerksam gemacht. Auch da gibt es innerhalb dieser Gesellschaften einige Leute, die ja von ihrem Gesichtspunkte aus ehrlich sind; aber die Kraft, mit der sie den Fortschritt der Menschheit aufhalten, die ist furchtbar stark. Da liegt nämlich das Folgende vor. .Da sind Leute, besonders in den Hochgradorden, die sagen: Der Mensch ist in der Regel nicht recht reif dafür, daß ihm die geistige Welt unmittelbar vorgeführt wird, daher halte man ihn von dem unmittelbaren Eintritt in die geistige Welt zurück, man lasse ihn nicht eintreten, man lasse ihn nur herankommen an die Ausübung der in gewissen alten Ritualien vorgeschriebenen Zeremonien. Man verweise ihn an allerlei Symbole, die ihn nicht unmittelbar in die geistige Welt einführen, nur symbolisch die Sache vorführen, aber auch da womöglich an Symbole, die ein recht großes Alter haben. - Ich habe Ihnen ja gesagt, daß in dieser Beziehung gewisse maurerische Orden, nun sagen wir, es im Gegensatze mit dem Lieblingsimpuls der meisten Damen halten. Die meisten Damen sind nämlich gerne jung, die meisten maurerischen Gesellschaften sind gerne so alt wie möglich! Da weist man möglichst auf ein uraltes Ritual hin oder auf uralte Traditionen. Nicht immer, obwohl sehr häufig, ist das unwahrhaft gemeint; aber es ist manchmal schon ehrlich gemeint, wenn man sagt: Die Ritualien, die uralt sind, können, wenn sie heute vor den Menschen vollzogen werden, sie nicht mehr gefährden, denn sie sind abgebraucht, sie sind erstarrt, sie sind nur noch die Schatten dessen, was sie gewesen sind. Und außerdem haben ja die Menschenseelen so lange mit diesen Ritualien gelebt beziehungsweise mit den Symbolen und mit dem, was sie darstellen; sie haben sich daran gewöhnt: sie werden nicht mehr schockiert von dem Eindruck einer unmittelbar erlebten Wahrheit. Mache man die Leute mit recht Altem bekannt, was nur noch seinem Schatten nach vorhanden ist, dann werden sie weniger gefährdet.
Alle diese Dinge mögen ja vertreten werden, aber sie müssen abfallen vor der Notwendigkeit, die heute durch die Zeitenwende geht. Das Unheil, das kommen würde, wenn der Mensch die hereinbrechende geistige Flutwelle zurückstoßen würde, das würde größer sein als alles übrige Unheil. Die wirkliche Pflicht gegenüber allen Geistern der Welt, die mit der Menschheitsentwickelung zusammenhängen, ist die, den Menschen bekanntzumachen mit dem, was doch heute sich unbedingt im Unterbewußten, einfach durch die heutigen Weltgesetze, in der Seele eines jeden Menschen vollzieht. Im Zeitalter der Bewußtseinsseele das heraufzurufen ins Bewußtsein, das ist eine Notwendigkeit. Und auch mit Bezug auf das, was heute so gewaltig als soziale Forderungen auftritt, ist es notwendig, daß man heute kennenlernt, was eigentlich in den Menschenseelen vorhanden ist. Denn äußerlich wird das Dasein immer maskenhafter, immer bloß phänomenaler. Es ist durchaus die Möglichkeit vorhanden, daß man heute in seiner Seele so erlebt, daß man vorbeigeht an dem Hüter der Schwelle, aber durch den Materialismus der Zeit das Bewußtsein davon zurückdrängt. Aber was man zurückdrängt, was nicht bewußt wird, das ist doch deshalb nicht etwa nicht da; es ist trotzdem da. Irgendein Mensch geht hindurch durch den Hüter der Schwelle - aber durch die Zeitbildung drängt er das zurück. Das, als was es sich dann darstellt, das kann etwas ganz anderes sein. Es können die Taten Lenins sein, es können die Taten irgendeines Spartakusmenschen sein. Darauf muß man aufmerksam sein in der Gegenwart, daß wir in dem Zeitalter angekommen sind, wo durch die Täuschungsimpulse des Materialismus in einer die Menschheit in schlimmster Weise gefährdenden Art Durchgänge durch gewisse geistige Impulse sich äußerlich maskieren können.
Ernst ist die Zeit. Aber allem Ernst wird wirklich Rechnung getragen, wenn man bloß den ehrlichen Willen hat, mit seinem gesunden Menschenverstand auf die Interpretation dessen einzugehen, was durch eine wirkliche Geisteswissenschaft herausgeholt werden kann aus der geistigen Welt. Davon wollen wir dann morgen weiter sprechen.
Second Lecture
It is perhaps significant, especially in light of the reflections we are now engaged in, to look back on some of the things that were connected with this or that spiritual current in earlier times. For you have seen that the spiritual events underlying the physical world make it necessary in the present that human beings, in a sense, come to a new attitude toward their entire conception of their relationship to the world and to the rest of humanity. We already pointed out a few things yesterday in this regard, pointing out how much needs to be understood anew, which, seemingly well-founded, shines into the spiritual life of humanity from here and there. You must be clear that when impulses of this kind are taken seriously, then — as is the way of life today — resistance arises against this seriousness and against these impulses themselves, the resistance of hatred, the resistance of envy, the resistance of fear that comes from the pettiness of human beings, and so on. Only a thorough understanding of things can help overcome the many obstacles that the adherent of such a spiritual transformation is exposed to. For this thorough understanding is indeed capable of giving strength to the soul, so that this soul is able to cope with many things that have always asserted themselves against the most serious endeavors in the world. And so today we would like to supplement what was said yesterday with a few other points.
Yesterday I pointed out how it is possible — especially when one stands on the ground of spiritual science — to be objective toward all other spiritual currents, how one need not misjudge other spiritual currents. From this point of view, I said that with regard to certain points, the representatives of the Catholic clergy are superior to non-Catholics in many of the current philosophical and theological debates outside the Church because of their training. We are living in a time when everyone who wants to take questions of worldview seriously should deal with such things. Both the ideological currents and the social currents of the present demand this. The temptations that arise from well-educated quarters can sometimes be great, and what is put forward may not be seen through, may not be recognized in its actual insignificance in relation to the greater demands of the present, unless one engages in a thoroughly thorough examination. The temptations to succumb to the objections of well-trained opponents of spiritual scientific endeavours are indeed not insignificant at present. However, if people had sufficient discernment, if they endeavoured to respond to the fact of the validity, the broad validity of this spiritual science, they would be little exposed to such temptations. But such discernment is rare. What we understand as spiritual science, which wants to fit into the world current, explains many attacks, including attacks from the point of view of the Catholic confession, for example. But it is necessary to deal with such things for the simple reason that in the chaos that will ensue, and which people unfortunately appreciate far too little and pay far too little attention to, because in this chaos many things that originate from Catholic beliefs will also be confusing.
Now I would like to acquaint you with the direction of judgment that a true Catholic confessor can already express against one or the other aspect of spiritual science, if he can assume that he will find uncomprehending readers or listeners. One of the most common objections to the spiritual science referred to here is that it is pantheism. One of the main objections raised, for example, in the essays by the Jesuit Zimmermann in the “Stimmen der Zeit” (Voices of the Times) is that this spiritual science is pantheism.
You know that I have spoken about this point frequently; you know how I have characterized that precisely the banal pantheism that dominates so many circles today can only be seriously overcome by entering into the concrete spiritual world of which spiritual science speaks. Of course, those who raise the objections mentioned above do not intend to get to the bottom of the real truth. Rather, their aim is to deliberately use everything that exists as prejudice within a certain group of believers to put forward ideas that have a certain suggestive and hypnotic effect. Pantheism would be the view that the divine lives in everything that spreads out as nature, in everything that spreads out as the world of appearances, that nature itself is to be regarded as a direct revelation of the divine. It is precisely against this vague pantheism, which always speaks of the world of appearances spreading out and behind it being spirit, spirit, spirit, that I have always turned. I have always pointed out how this is the same as if someone on the physical plane did not want to acknowledge that there are tulips and roses and lilies, but only plants, plants, plants! Spiritual science deals with individual concrete spiritual entities; it does not speak in a pantheistic way about spirit in general. Another characteristic of pantheism is that it says: Pantheism does not want to separate the external natural world from the divine-spiritual; it wants to mix the two together. - Well, one must be a Jesuit to give the impression that one believes that, where there is talk of the concrete position of the individualized, personal and superpersonal beings of the higher hierarchies, there can be any question of a mixing of this whole world of hierarchies with external nature. Anyone who can really think will not be able to accept the accusation of pantheism against such a characterization of the hierarchical world and its individual beings in relation to nature.
There remains only one thing that is particularly emphasized in those essays in the “Stimmen der Zeit” (Voices of the Times), that is, what is said—which is considered heretical in the Catholic Church—within my spiritual science, that the divine lives in the soul of man, that the soul of man itself is a drop in the sea of the divine. Such and similar statements are compiled there and presented as heresies within the Catholic creed.
So it is pointed out that the teaching that something divine lives directly in the soul is heretical and must be condemned. A reasonable person could certainly say: It is not necessary for you to first draw my attention to such follies. — But that is not the point; that is not what this is about. Rather, it must be about the fact that these things play a real role in the world, that these things will play a very powerful role where people want to deceive, and that one must already be attentive to these things. But they are connected with something else. And now let us disregard this or that actual attack and consider someone who, either living in Jesuitism, has been dulled in his own thinking, or who consciously lives in it, that is, who knows that he does not need to think about things for himself, but that he only has to judge believers in accordance with the officially recognized creed, be it one way or the other; and let us consider how the disputes of such a person with the spiritual-scientific path itself might be. I am not telling you anything other than — I do not want to say the average opinion, because opinion is not really appropriate here — the average statement of an official representative of the Roman Catholic Church regarding the path of spiritual science as it is followed by a believer today.
He would say something like this: Yes, a Catholic Christian must not follow the path recommended by spiritual science for attaining supersensible insights. For all the Church Fathers and Doctors of the Church—as the current clergyman would say—condemn such a path. Such a path leads to the human being having to bring forth special abilities within himself in order to ascend to the supersensible world. But that is heretical and must not be sought at all. All that may be sought by an orthodox Catholic is what the teachers of the Church consider to be “right contemplation.” This lawful contemplation is accepted by the current Roman-stamped clergy. What do they understand by it?
You will be able to form an idea of what they understand by it if you distinguish between two kinds of gifts which, in the sense of the orthodox Catholic Church, human beings, believing Catholics, can have. One of these gifts are the so-called Gratiae gratis datae, the supernatural gifts of grace, one might say, the charisms. The other gifts are those that can be called general human gifts. The extraordinary gifts, the charisms, are bestowed as a special gift of grace upon extraordinary people, but they must not be sought after, as the Church commands. An example of this would be the Virgin of Orleans. On the other hand, it is permissible to strive for a certain elevation of the general life of the soul, but this does not lead people to extraordinary abilities, only to an increase in general human abilities. However, such an enhancement of general human abilities means that every human being—according to the Roman Catholic Church today—can be imbued with the Holy Spirit.
So let us put it this way: the ordinary mortal thinks something, or feels something, or does something. He is obliged by the commandments of the Church and the state to do these things in a certain way; he can strive, with his ordinary mortal thinking, to act in accordance with the Church and the state—that is, in accordance with the Church, in accordance with God. But he can also notice, if he is otherwise a good Catholic Christian, that the Holy Spirit often intervenes in his actions, thoughts, and feelings, and that he then finds it easier to practice certain virtues that would otherwise be difficult for him because the Holy Spirit is working in him. However, this should not be sought as if man wanted to go beyond the ordinary status of human striving and develop special abilities in order to penetrate the supernatural world. All such striving is reprehensible.
Now, I have characterized for you what a properly labeled Roman Catholic cleric would object to what is written, for example, in “How to Gain Knowledge of Higher Worlds.” He would say: Special abilities are being sought that are supposed to enable him to unite himself with the spiritual world in a certain way. But he must not do that. He must remain purely passive until he notices that the impulses of the Holy Spirit are entering his mind and not bringing about a qualitative change in his behavior, but only an enhancement, a kind of relief in his virtuousness, a relief in the other abilities that human beings exercise on the outer physical plane.
Today, you can read this not only against our spiritual science, but against all endeavors that aim to enable human beings to strive to create out of themselves a person who sees a spiritual world around them just as physical human beings see a physical world around them with their physical senses. This is also familiar to all those who believe they stand on the very firm ground of the Christian faith dictated by Rome. And in the widest circles today, anyone who thinks differently about these things than I have just characterized is regarded as a heretic. When discussing such matters, one must always bear in mind that these things play a real role in the world, that they still have an enormous influence on millions of people today. One must not be so selfish as to think that because one believes one has come to terms with these things — but only believes one has come to terms with them — one need not concern oneself with them. That is precisely the great harm of the present, especially with regard to the social movement, that people are so selfish that they only ever look at the needs of their own souls and do not want to look at what connects human beings with one another, to what drives millions and millions of people, and what, when it bursts forth at the right moment, can flood this or that, appearing in this or that form, just as things are now appearing in the world. Today it is necessary to educate ourselves about the sources of these things and about the necessary attitude toward them.
Now, as a rule, the clergy stamped in Rome refer to the Church Fathers. They go back to the Church Fathers of earlier centuries and derive from their statements what they believe to be in accordance with what I have just characterized to you. Now, of course, I cannot give you hours of lectures on the teachings of the Church Fathers, but I would like to draw your attention to a few things in this direction, namely, what position the human being of the age of consciousness, which began with the 15th century, can take on these matters.
First, we must consider that the path to the spiritual world, as understood by spiritual science, is considered heretical. This is what the clergy who are today legitimately stamped as Roman say. Secondly, we must note that the accusation is made that spiritual science speaks of the possibility of human beings participating in the divine in their own souls, and that this is heretical, as the clergy of Catholicism who are stamped in Rome say today.
Let us take a closer look at what a very respected church teacher, outwardly but not inwardly, as we will see in a moment, says about something like contemplation, of which I have already mentioned some characteristic features. John of the Cross, for example, speaks about what contemplation should become for the true Christian Catholic believer, who through this contemplation should go beyond mere general church belief to a kind of higher view of the divine that pulsates through the world. The Catholic Church still allows this today, that through contemplation, human beings can go beyond what is merely general belief. But it forbids human beings from going beyond this to supersensible faculties, faculties that lead into the supersensible world in the same way that the external senses lead into the sensory world. Now St. John of the Cross says: The time has come — he means the time of contemplation — when reflection and contemplation, which the soul previously undertook with its own powers, come to an end and the soul finds itself deprived of its former pleasures and tangible joys.
St. John of the Cross admits this state, that one ceases the usual reflection by which one deals with the things of the physical plane, which one perceives through the senses and understands through the intellect; that one refrains from the usual contemplation which the soul undertakes with its own powers, so that the pleasures which the soul has in such contemplations and in such relation to external nature also cease. He admits this.
Condemned to a state of dryness and “dryness,” he goes on to say, the soul can no longer engage in deliberation with its intellect. — So by closing the senses, by letting the intellect stand still — which he demands as a means of bringing about contemplation — one enters with the soul into a kind of dryness and aridity. This is how one arrives at that participation in the divine nature which St. John of the Cross considers permissible. So when the soul no longer engages in deliberation with its intellect, nor finds any support in the senses, the senses are no longer enriched; the spirit benefits without receiving anything from the senses. From this it follows that in this state God is the principal agent.
So understand the matter precisely. St. John of the Cross says: Man can cease to think, he can also cease to receive external perceptions through the senses, the soul can become passive, the soul does nothing more of itself. Through this, God becomes the principal agent in the soul. He Himself instructs the soul and gives it an infused knowledge. In contemplation, He gives it entirely spiritual goods, especially the knowledge and love of God, without the soul engaging in reflection or other exercises that it can no longer perform as before.
Take these words of a Church Father who is still recognized as legitimate in Rome today, of John of the Cross, who has even been canonized, take these words and contrast them with the accusation of pantheism that has recently been levelled against spiritual science because it says, for example, that the life of the soul is like a drop in the sea of divinity, and is therefore itself divine, which according to the clergy who preach and believe today is heretical. But St. John of the Cross describes the possibility of reaching a passive state of the soul where thinking and sensory perception are excluded, and where God is the principal agent in the soul, where, according to the words of John of the Cross, God gives the soul entirely spiritual goods in contemplation, where he himself instructs the soul and communicates to it an infused knowledge.
Now I ask you: What meaning can these words have if one now claims that the human soul should never be brought into a real relationship with the divine being? What meaning can there be in John of the Cross's statement that God is the principal agent in the soul, if it is heretical to speak of the human soul being brought into direct, conscious contact with God? If one says that the soul is to the totality of the divine spirit as a drop in the sea, which is of the same essence as the entire sea, is just a drop from the sea — this could be seen as unacceptable pantheism if truth ruled, when at the same time it's recognized that a legitimate Church Father, St. John of the Cross, admits the possibility that God becomes the main actor in the human soul! You must keep this fact in mind in order to recognize how far truth prevails in official circles today: that one simultaneously invokes teachers such as St. John of the Cross, who indeed teaches “pantheism” in even clearer words, namely in order to speak popularly to the people, if one wants to call it pantheism, than spiritual science does. But this is considered heretical, and what is done? Saint John of the Cross is accepted as an authoritative Church Father, and people are deceived by being told that pantheism is not permitted. But this means that no one is allowed to claim that it is heretical to say that God is directly present in the soul, so that the human soul can know this.
No, people today should not be thoughtless; they must not be thoughtless if even greater misfortune is not to befall humanity. Today, people should be able to consciously remind themselves that such a distortion of the truth can be officially propagated throughout the world.
And another saying of St. John of the Cross is: The inner goods that this silent contemplation impresses upon the soul, unconsciously to itself, are inestimable. In short, they are nothing other than the exceedingly mysterious and immensely tender anointings of the Holy Spirit, who, being God, acts as God: The Holy Spirit acts as God directly in the soul, says St. John of the Cross; this was Catholic doctrine at the time of John of the Cross, that is, before the beginning of the age of consciousness, and secretly works and floods the soul with riches and gifts and graces to an extent that cannot be described. - In contemplation - this is another saying of St. John of the Cross - one is receptive. - And another saying of St. John is the following: In contemplation, it is God who acts - namely, within the soul.
And now I ask you: What does it mean when any of those who write about heresy today say that it is heretical to claim that God is one with the human soul?
That is how things are. But people are so sleepy that they do not even notice how the truth is being manipulated today. The fact that such a terrible catastrophe has come upon the world is ultimately due to the fact that people care so little about what is passed off as truth in the world. This is also the reason why the truth can be hated as it is still hated today by certain people.
In particular, the clergy stamped by Rome repeatedly emphasize that there should be no difference between the ordinary abilities that believers develop in their faith and the intensification of faith that finds expression in contemplation. There should be no difference, or at most a difference of degree, because if a real difference is sought, it is heretical. But St. John of the Cross says: The difference is that in faith one sees only dimly, but in spiritual contemplation one sees him—he means God—unveiled. That was Catholic at the time when St. John of the Cross wrote these things down before the dawn of the age of the conscious soul. But what prevails today as Catholicism is the shadow of that; it is no longer the light. St. John of the Cross describes the mystical path of knowledge, the path into the supersensible, very beautifully for that time when he says: The narrow gate is the night of the senses. To pass through it, the soul must free itself from itself and peel away. — For that time, this was spoken as one speaks today, not from Rome, but in spiritual science. Spiritual science is the real continuation of such noble aspirations into the spiritual world as they appear in John of the Cross. Only it is the continuation for the present time. It takes into account the progress of humanity.
The narrow gate is the night of the senses. To pass through it, the soul must free itself from itself and peel away. And then, taking faith, which has nothing to do with the senses, as its guide, it walks along the narrow path of the second night toward the night of the spirits. And St. John of the Cross describes this union with the divine spirit very beautifully: The union is accomplished when the two wills, that of the soul and the divine will, become identical.
One cannot express more clearly that there is a divine will that rules the world and a will of the soul, and that both merge in contemplation. But today this is considered heresy. One would honestly represent the truth if one said: Saint John of the Cross is no longer a saint today, but a heretic. That is what the Roman clergy would be obliged to say if they wanted to uphold his assertions.
So St. John of the Cross says: Union is accomplished when the two wills, namely that of the soul and the divine will, become uniform—that is, when there is nothing in one that contradicts the other. Now, however, in the realm of the legitimate Roman Catholic clergy, great care is taken to block the path to self-knowledge for mere so-called believers and also for the lower clergy. Therefore, although people today deny the existence of individuals such as John of the Cross, they repeatedly point to individuals such as John of the Cross. They point out that John of the Cross would only have allowed people to turn to contemplation if three signs prompted them to do so.
The first sign by which the soul might feel prompted to turn to contemplation, that is, to mystical contemplation, would be the inability to contemplate and to use the imagination, the aversion to external contemplation. So when the soul feels aversion to the reception of sensory perceptions and to reflection, the time has come when it may passively surrender itself to the will of God.
The second sign would be the perception that one no longer has any desire to occupy the imagination of the senses with particular external and internal impressions. So the first sign is that one has become tired, the second that one no longer feels any desire. The third inner sign would be the feeling of innermost joy that the soul experiences in being alone—that is, not in sensory perception and thinking—and in focusing its attention solely on the divine.
Now, you will not be able to read with understanding what is written in the book “How to Attain Knowledge of Higher Worlds” unless you say to yourself, in a way that is appropriate for our time: I can agree completely with those three signs. There is nothing to object to in these three signs. One must only approach them with understanding in the sense of the immediate present. Let us consider these three signs, which St. John of the Cross considers to be those signs to which the soul may turn in order to attain mystical contemplation, that is, to turn toward the path into the spiritual, supersensible world.
The first sign would be an inability to contemplate and to use the imagination, an aversion to contemplation. We must remember that these words were written at a time when the age of consciousness had not yet dawned. Now the age of consciousness is dawning upon humanity, now people are contemplating nature as presented by modern science. One must really take into account the historical development of humanity. One must take into account that St. John of the Cross did not have people around him who were imbued with the ideas that are now pervading science everywhere. St. John of the Cross was surrounded only by people who were faithful members of the Catholic Church, who received their worldview from the faith preached from the pulpits of the Catholic Church. One had to speak differently to them than to people of the 20th century, who are steeped in scientific views. What does it actually mean to be steeped in scientific ideas? All people today are, whether they admit it or not, down to the last peasant in the last hut, unless he is illiterate; and even illiterate people today are already permeated by scientific ideas in their ways of thinking. But anyone who looks at the world today as it must be viewed according to the meaning of the modern world must—because scientific ideas tell him only about what is dead—come to the realization, if he has a living need for knowledge, that these scientific observations make him incapable of remaining with them. Exactly what St. John of the Cross describes in the first sign occurs. This sign is fulfilled by the scientific way of thinking itself. At the time when he wrote, it was fulfilled in some people; today it is fulfilled in everyone who begins to think at all. This difference must be taken into account. If St. John of the Cross were writing today, he would say: Certainly, at that time, mystical contemplation had to be recommended to those people who felt incapable of looking at things externally and setting their imagination in motion. Today, all those who are devoted solely to barren scientific ideas are, at a certain point in time, incapable of devoting themselves solely to these barren scientific ideas, especially when they have a longing in their souls to find a way to the divine spirit. St. John of the Cross spoke to a few candidates; today, the candidates are all thinking people. This is precisely what constitutes the progress of humanity. So today, what St. John of the Cross considers to be fulfilled when he speaks of the sign is being fulfilled, namely, that people living in the age of natural science now feel precisely this urge.
The second is the realization that one no longer has any desire to occupy the imagination of the senses with special external or internal imaginings. At the moment when natural science can do nothing else but give man a view, an insight into how he has developed from animality, there arises in the soul the perception that one no longer has any desire to merely contemplate what the senses reveal in the external world! They reveal that man is descended from animality; one no longer has any desire for that. Then, because the time has come—then only for a few, now for all thinking people—one turns, precisely in the spirit of John of the Cross, to what is the view of evolution, namely, to the path into the spiritual world.
The third is the experience of joy in feeling, in the innermost part of the soul, in solitude, in attention to God. Now, this most intimate joy will certainly be felt by everyone who, in this age of natural science, has accepted only those concepts that natural science offers him, as soon as he can find the way into the supersensible world.
Once again, we are faced with the fact, the significant fact, that it is precisely the newer spiritual science that so truly fulfills what a man like John of the Cross demanded for his time in his own way. Only the stream of development continues to flow, and today the fulfillment appears different than it did then. Something else has been added. Anyone who looks at human development today with an honest sense of truth will say to themselves: because we have entered the age of natural science, the sense for supersensible knowledge must be kept alive in human beings. Demands such as those made by John of the Cross are simply fulfilled when people today embark on the path that is outlined, for example, in How to Know Higher Worlds. But if they embark on this path today, what is revealed to them is not what was revealed at the time when St. John of the Cross wrote, but what lies ahead in the course of human development today. And then one can no longer speak in the same way as St. John of the Cross spoke, merely in the spirit of positivist Christianity. For there is the serious fact, which we pointed out yesterday and have often pointed out before, that today human beings, either unconsciously or consciously, pass in a certain relationship by the guardian of the threshold. There they learn to recognize that they must speak not only of a single God, but of the divine hierarchies. There he learns to recognize how he must contrast the Ahrimanic and Luciferic with the divine hierarchies. But just as the Catholic Church wanted to prevent people from believing in Copernicanism until 1822, so today it wants to prevent people from entering into the supersensible knowledge that is truly necessary for the times. Why? Because it does not want people to become attentive to what is flowing from spiritual heights into human evolution.
Certainly, there may be some, and there are some, who in a certain sense honestly say the following: Man today is really not prepared to encounter directly with his soul what comes in from the spiritual world; it would only be to his detriment. When he stands before the guardian of the threshold, he cannot distinguish deception from reality. So we make it as frightening as possible for them to set out on the path of the spiritual, so that they will not be endangered. There may be such people; they do not reckon with the necessities of the time, they reckon with a limited, narrow-minded conception, but they may perhaps be honest. But the majority of those who say things like, “One must not embark on the path of supersensible knowledge today,” do not mean it. From various sides, a certain fear of the truth is holding back the flood of this truth. This fear is widespread among the official representatives of the churches, but it is also found in certain Masonic and similar societies. I have already pointed this out from another point of view. There are also some people within these societies who are honest from their point of view, but the force with which they hold back the progress of humanity is terribly strong. The following is the case: there are people, especially in the high orders, who say: Man is not generally mature enough to be shown the spiritual world directly, therefore he should be prevented from entering the spiritual world directly, he should not be allowed to enter, he should only be allowed to approach the practice of the ceremonies prescribed in certain ancient rituals. They should be referred to all kinds of symbols that do not introduce them directly to the spiritual world, but only symbolically demonstrate the matter, and even then, if possible, to symbols that are quite old. I have already told you that in this respect certain Masonic orders, let us say, take the opposite view to the favorite impulse of most ladies. Most ladies like to be young, while most Masonic societies like to be as old as possible! They point as much as possible to ancient rituals or ancient traditions. This is not always, although very often, meant dishonestly; but it is sometimes meant honestly when people say: The rituals that are ancient can no longer endanger people when they are performed today, because they have been worn out, they have become rigid, they are only shadows of what they once were. And besides, people's souls have lived with these rituals, or rather with the symbols and what they represent, for so long that they have become accustomed to them: they are no longer shocked by the impression of a truth experienced directly. If you introduce people to something truly ancient, which exists only as a shadow of its former self, they will be less endangered.
All these things may well be advocated, but they must give way to the necessity that is coming today through the turning point in time. The disaster that would come if man were to push back the incoming spiritual tidal wave would be greater than all other disasters. The real duty towards all spirits of the world who are connected with the development of humanity is to make people aware of what is today taking place in the subconscious, simply through the laws of the world, in the soul of every human being. In the age of the consciousness soul, it is necessary to bring this into consciousness. And also with regard to what today appears so powerfully as social demands, it is necessary that we learn today what actually exists in human souls. For outwardly, existence is becoming increasingly masked, increasingly merely phenomenal. It is entirely possible that today, in one's soul, one experiences passing by the guardian of the threshold, but that the materialism of the times represses one's awareness of this. But what one represses, what does not become conscious, is not therefore not there; it is still there. Some human being passes through the guardian of the threshold—but through the formation of time he represses this. What then presents itself can be something completely different. It can be the deeds of Lenin, it can be the deeds of some Spartacus figure. We must be aware of this in the present, that we have arrived at an age in which, through the deceptive impulses of materialism, certain spiritual impulses can outwardly mask themselves in a way that endangers humanity in the worst possible way.
The times are serious. But all seriousness is truly taken into account if one has the honest will to approach with common sense the interpretation of what can be brought out of the spiritual world through a genuine spiritual science. We will continue this discussion tomorrow.