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Faculty Meetings with Rudolf Steiner
GA 300b

21 June 1922, Stuttgart

Thirty-Fourth Meeting

Dr. Steiner: The first thing we need to consider for the present eleventh grade is literary history. I want to begin by discussing the continuation of what we taught in the tenth grade. What was done there? The Song of the Niebelungs, Gudrun, meter and poetics. I want to include the treatment of meter and poetics for this class in what I yesterday called aesthetics in art instruction. The first thing is to place what is literary in literature in the foreground. That is, you should try to create a bridge from The Song of the Niebelungs and Gudrun to the major works of the middle ages, Parzival, Armer Heinrich, and such things. Primarily, you should try to elicit in the children a complete imaginative picture through a survey of such things, so that the children learn about Parzival and they feel the part they read in the original reflects the whole story.

A Religion teacher: I have already done that.

Dr. Steiner: That does not matter. When you consider the basic principles in connection with the children in the eleventh grade, it would be good to do the Armer Heinrich again. The Parzival tale is the most important, though.

At the same time, you should cover the history of that period, something that, for children of this age, will certainly have an effect upon their view of the present. You should connect it with the present and show the children which historical figures of the past are similar to those of the present. In particular, show them which ones we would expect to be similar and which ones different. In this way, you can bring a certain capacity for judging into the whole thing. That is what you must take into consideration, so that the children can see the nineteenth century as growing out of previous centuries.

You also need to work with this class in aesthetics and art, in meter and poetics, to observe the various styles. You do not need to remain simply with literary style, you can move on further into the styles of other arts, into musical and sculptural styles. I would certainly use the style definitions given by Gottfried Semper for the latter, although they are very abstract, and go on to show the children about other characteristics of style.

You will need to treat trigonometry and analytical geometry as broadly as possible. In descriptive geometry, the children should understand and be able to draw the intersection of a cone and a cylinder.

In physics—this is something I was able to thoroughly try out in my teaching—it is very good for children at this age when you present them with the newest discoveries in physics, for instance, wireless telegraphy and x-rays, including such things as alpha, beta, and gamma rays. These are things you can use to awaken further interest in the children.

There is a question about atomism.

Dr. Steiner: A number of friends have conveyed that feeling to me. You certainly cannot deny that what you yourself are working upon will color your teaching. I believe that you will find the proper nuances if you present this material somewhat historically. I also believe that it would be good to begin the story where all the polemics about structural formulas, both pro and con, begin. Atomism was something different prior to Van’t Hoff ’s chemical symbols. I believe that you need to work through all Kolbe’s polemic against symbolic chemistry, since this polemicizing has, in a sense, placed the entire problem on developments in chemistry. You can show this precisely. You have all said a great deal against atomism, but you have not been able to say as much against it as Kolbe. You can put all this into perspective only when you include the most modern aspects. You need to include the phenomenalism introduced in the work of Pelikan and Kolisko. You would make no impression if you simply mentioned Kolbe’s name. Kolbe said that in order to continue in chemistry, Van’t Hoff mounted the Pegasus he apparently borrowed from the veterinary institute in Berlin. You need to include that.

When you discuss what I just mentioned above, you do not even need to speak about atomism. It is particularly unnecessary when discussing this subject. On the other hand, you could also speak a great deal about alchemy. There you have the opportunity to present far-reaching observations that you may not, however, clothe in vague mysticism. With Marconi’s telegraphy, you can address the connection of the brain with the cosmos through a simple, but exact and broad, presentation of the coherer and then describe the brain as a kind of coherer in connection with the cosmos. In this case, you can illustrate something that occurs materially and then go on to point out that the processes within the brain are only initiated by the physical human being. Here, you have a possibility of awakening a broader perspective.

In chemistry, it is necessary to develop basic chemical concepts such as acid, salt, and base as completely as possible, so that the students then know what an alcohol or an aldehyde is. The more traditional topics, such as separating organic and inorganic chemistry require less attention. I believe that is what we should include in a survey of the material. I do not believe it is correct to develop chemistry on the basis of material. It is better to develop the process and then bring in matter and metals so that during the instruction a feeling arises that matter is simply a static process. The children should have a picture of matter as simply a static process. If you have a piece of sulfur in front of you, what you really have is a static process. If I am standing here, and it is raining hard, then I have a process in which I am included. However, if I look at the cloud from a distance, it appears as an object to me. When I look at certain processes it is as though I were standing in the rain, when I look at sulfur, it is as though I were observing the cloud from a distance. Matter is simply processes that appear petrified.

It is important at this period of life to teach about cells in natural history. That need not be done in such great detail, but you could take characteristic plants from the lowest up to the monocots. Begin at the lowest and go upward. You should also mention the dicots and draw parallels between flowers and mushrooms. Be sure to take into account the mycelium and the formation of spores. When you discuss the formation of stems, you should take the mycelium into account, also. Bring teleology, that is, the relationships of the various parts of a organism, into a reasonable relationship. Be sure to discuss interactive relationships, not just the purely causal. Treat the theory of cells in a cosmological manner.

A teacher asks about zoology.

Dr. Steiner: Zoology? Certainly not in this year. I do not believe it would be good to do too much mineralogy. That is something we can do next year.

Today, the same thing happened. It was quite natural to work toward the human being. I know of no question in natural history that you cannot use as a basis for moving toward the human being.

A teacher: We have done several practical exercises in surveying.

Dr. Steiner: Altitude and distance. I would also like you to create a connection between surveying and geography, so that the children have an exact idea of what a Mercator map is. You should also discuss how the meter was determined in Paris.

In regard to technology, cover waterwheels, turbines, and production of paper. I have to admit I cannot believe you could not get all the boys to participate. You cannot allow opposition to arise.

A teacher: Should we teach spinning and weaving in the technology class?

Dr. Steiner: In principle, the children can already do that. It would be a good idea to introduce them to water turbines and the production of paper. We can return to weaving later. I once mentioned that this is something they need to learn slowly. The children will have a great deal if we can explain to them about the production of paper and how waterwheels and turbines work. They will gain a broader view. They can learn something about geography and the importance of rivers. You could even move into an elementary discussion of economics.

A teacher: In mechanical drawing, I was supposed to take children through screws.

Dr. Steiner: We can leave that for now and come back to it later. In the tenth grade, you should do things as I said.

We also, of course, need to be careful to include a formation of taste in eurythmy and music classes, particularly at this age. This can be done by interweaving things with a judgment of taste. You do not need to begin much new in the way of content, but go on to taste considerations.

We want to have Graf Bothmer for gymnastics. He will certainly do well here. The entire faculty needs to work together in this area. In other things, a sense of taste needs to be brought in.

It would be good if there were a certain amount of harmony in eurythmy. You need to take style into consideration in particular works. If they are studied at the same time in eurythmy, it would be helpful to connect the eurythmy exercises with the style of the poems. You will find that one or another poem is particularly appropriate, and then you will find that there are nuances of style in them. The art teachers can use a poem to illustrate a sonnet. You will find that I took the sonnets from Shakespeare and Hebbel into account in the eurythmy forms. The form is often quite different because it directly relates to the style. The teacher of aesthetics also needs to take that into account.

Marie Steiner: I would recommend Dr. Steiner’s Twelve Moods.

Dr. Steiner: The Twelve Moods were once tested in connection with astrology. They are cosmically connected. That is something you can use both in the teaching of style and in eurythmy. Nearly every syllable is stylized in the tone. You can find an inner stylizing everywhere. These are objective style formations. You can also compose them. The children could learn a great deal if you read them quite objectively. They could be made into a festival for older children.

We now need to turn to the needs of the various classes and teachers.

It is important that you carry on a kind of dialogue when teaching foreign languages. On numerous occasions, Dr. X. told the little children in first grade that he did not understand any German. You could make a connection with that and weave your readings into it. Don’t simply talk to the children, but allow them to speak as much as possible. It was apparent this morning that the children cannot yet do that; you need to be sure to allow the children to speak. They need to have an opportunity to tell about what they have read. This is particularly true in the upper grades where the foreign languages are still behind. The lower classes are much better in languages and it is easier there. The problems in language lie in the upper grades.

Origines de la France Contemporaine is a good book.

A teacher: Could I perhaps do Expansion of England following Shakespeare?

Dr. Steiner: It is important that you bring the children along. The first-grade class enjoyed it a lot.

We have developed the most important principles into a connected whole. Those things that occur in a haphazard fashion are simply due to sloppiness. Sloppiness has entered our work in that we have moved in the direction of doing things more easily. It is important that we take into account that when the children speak in chorus, although it goes well, that is no proof that they can do it individually, since the group spirit also participates. We need to work both ways. Always keep connected to the material so that your words are directly connected with the subject. When we spoke, I noticed that it is good to connect the learning of poems with certain figures of speech in order to make them conventions. If you have done three or four such poems, then you can return to improve the accent. We have already discussed all of these things. The way you are teaching poems now has led to a kind of sloppiness. That is partially because the foreign languages are taking a back seat. They are in a secondary position and the teachers are tired. The other problem is that many seek to avoid proper preparation. You prepare for other things. That is fine if all you want is something mechanical.

I certainly have reason to complain about things. It is not possible for you to prepare in the way you should. We first need to develop what can be fruitful in our methodology, otherwise we would slowly come to teach language such that what we fail to achieve by a better method is much worse than what we could partially achieve by a lesser method. We could easily slip into the calamity that because we do what is better poorly, we cannot keep up with what other schools achieve. In spite of that, I want to be perfectly clear that it is possible within the normal school day to achieve the ideal through rational work so that the children are spared tiring homework. Unfortunately, that is not of interest everywhere. In practice, certain things are still missing, and for that reason, I believe we must initiate a kind of modified homework. We do not want the children doing pages of arithmetic at home. However, we can give them literature and art history problems to solve at home. We should also encourage those who are more industrious and want to do something at home, but we should be clear that we do not want to overburden them. They should not feel they are groaning under the weight of their homework. They need to do it happily, in which case assigning them a task has a genuinely good influence. For instance, you could have them create an equation in the form of a short story, “A lady is asked.…”

There is another thing I find lacking in the teaching, but certainly belongs there, and that is humor. I have taken particular note that humor is missing in the classroom. I do not mean making jokes, but genuine humor. Just as human beings must physically breath, you cannot expect the children to always be taking things in. They must also be able to breathe them out. If you always teach for the whole period in the same tone, it is as though you were to allow the children only to inhale, never to exhale. You must have humor. Humor is the soul’s exhaling. You must bring humor into your teaching. That is something you can find in the most various places. Humor comes from liveliness. You need to bring some liveliness into the class, the children need that in every grade. A little humor! If we only had one period a day, that would be different, but you must bring humor into the classroom.

You misunderstood me in connection with handwork. I had thought you would work things out between yourselves. The women would then have twenty-six hours. Tomorrow, please give me the number of hours per week that each of you can take on. Twenty-six is, of course, too much. We need to see how we can get some more help. Please give me a list of the total number of hours. You can put the tenth- and eleventh-grade classes together.

We must have the remedial class, and you are responsible for teaching it. The tall fellow needs to go into the first grade. That is something we cannot do, of course, but to be consequential, we would have to send one from the eleventh grade back to the first grade.

Concerning religion class in the eleventh grade, continue with the material so that you strengthen the capacity to judge. Become involved in discussions. Until now, you have given a pictorial presentation, but now we need to work toward comprehension of the concepts. You should treat the question of destiny in a religious form. Also the question of sins, and then the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. You can begin with pictures and then move into concepts, so that it is a kind of causal perspective.

What did we decide about religion in the eighth and ninth grades?

A teacher: We began with a treatment of the Laocoöns.

Dr. Steiner: It is not necessary to go through everything. I assume you have gone through parts of the St. John gospel. If you do not spend considerable time with it, it is terribly difficult to go through the story of creation, but it is not necessary to do other parts of the Old Testament. I think it would be good if the children knew the New Testament, particularly the stories of the apostles. In particular, the St. Luke gospel.

Concerning Greek and Latin in the eleventh grade: In discussing the readings with the children, we must see to it that they gain an understanding of the mixture of style and grammar, in particular, a comparison of the Greek and Latin sentence structure. You should do that before presenting literary history. You should also develop an entomological understanding of words. You need to emphasize entomology much more in the ancient languages. You should emphasize entomology much more. The first book of Livius is enough. In Greek, you can do readings of your choice.

They discuss the report on O.R. and in particular that he needs to learn something from life.

Dr. Steiner: He is just like his father, but not at all so thoughtless. I have the feeling with Mr. S. that he is really lazy. I would like to have a characterization of his work. I have not seen his drawings. You need to give a concrete picture. The obvious result of Dr. N.’s report would be to gain a “Doctor Life” for the school. Then people could say they should call up “Doctor Life” in order to get to the heart of the matter. I think we should keep him here another year and see what he learns.

There were some errors made in the preparation of the students reports.

Dr. Steiner: That is a deficiency in the seriousness with which the reports were treated. That is terribly sloppy, and something that you must treat seriously. The tendency to make excuses for it only makes things worse. This is really terrible. When such things occur, we are not really working in the Waldorf School. We have no right to speak about reports when we present ourselves to the world in such a sloppy manner. This is really unbelievable. We are slowly creating a situation that no one can take seriously. A report, that is a document! When you make such mistakes in writing, well, I would like to know which company would employ us then. Such things must be based upon a strict and rather mechanical process so that errors are not possible. It should be like clockwork. Such errors should not occur.

I want to end this discussion now. I think it is unbelievable when such documents are created with such an attitude, we cannot discuss that.

Vierunddreissigste Konferenz

RUDOLF STEINER; Nicht wahr, für die jetzige 11. Klasse kommt zunächst in Betracht ein literarisch-geschichtlicher Unterricht. Nun wollen wir so aufbauen, dass wir in der Besprechung dasjenige, was neu auftreten soll, anschließen an das, was in der 10. Klasse bewältigt worden ist. Was haben wir bewältigt? - Nibelungenlied, Gudrun, Metrik, Poetik. - Nun ist dasjenige, was über Metrik und Poetik abgehandelt werden soll für diese Klasse, das, was ich gestern als das Ästhetische beim Kunstunterricht genannt habe, zu erweisen. Zuerst ist jetzt für die Literatur das Literarische in den Vordergrund zu stellen, und zwar so, dass Sie versuchen, vom Nibelungenlied und Gudrun den Übergang zu schaffen zu den großen Dichtungen des Mittelalters, «Parzival», «Armer Heinrich», und zu diesen Dingen. Vor allem versuchen Sie, über diese Dinge bei den Kindern [durch] kursorische Behandlung zunächst eine geschlossene Vorstellungswelt hervorzurufen, sodass die Kinder die Parzival-Sage kennenlernen, [und] dasjenige, was sie im Original pflegen, als Probe aus der Gesamtheit empfinden.

HERBERT HANN: Ich habe das behandelt.

RUDOLF STEINER: Das macht nichts. - Wenn Sie die Grundsätze gerade jetzt bei den Kindern der 11. Klasse in Erwägung ziehen, dann wird es ganz gut sein, wenn Sie den «Armen Heinrich» noch einmal behandeln. Das Wesentliche ist die Parzival-Sage.

Dann ist es gut, wenn man gleichzeitig das Geschichtliche derselben Zeit behandelt, aber für dieses Lebensalter durchaus Folgerungen zieht für die Gegenwart; an die Gegenwart anknüpft, und den Kindern beibringt, welche Gestalten der jetzigen Geschichte ähnlich sind [älteren Gestalten] und namentlich, welche unähnlich sind und ähnlich sein sollten. In dieser Weise eine Art Urteilsfällung hineinbringen in die ganze Sache. Das muss berücksichtigt werden, dass das ganze 19. Jahrhundert für die Kinder im Aufbau aus früheren Jahrhunderten erwächst.

Dann wird für diese Klasse im ästhetischen und Kunstunterricht Poetik, Metrik, Betrachtung des Stiles zu pflegen sein, wobei man nicht bloß stehen zu bleiben braucht beim schriftstellerischen Stile, sondern auch weiter ausgreifen kann auf den Stil in anderen Künsten, im Musikalischen und Plastischen. Ich würde durchaus für das letzte Drittel [von der Stil]definition von Gottfried Semper ausgehen, [die sehr abstrakt ist], und würde [an ihr] zeigen, wie man andere Stilcharakteristiken heranbringen kann an die Kinder.

In der Mathematik würde es sich handeln um eine möglichst weitgehende Behandlung der Trigonometrie und analytischen Geometrie. In der Deskriptive soll man so weit arbeiten, dass die Kinder verstehen und zeichnen können den Schnitt eines Kegels mit einem Zylinder.

In der Physik — das ist etwas, was ich sehr gründlich ausprobiert habe bei dem Unterricht, den ich selbst geben musste -, in der Physik ist [es] für dieses Lebensalter außerordentlich gut, wenn man [ihnen] mit den neueren Errungenschaften der Physik kommt, mit drahtloser Telegrafie, mit den Röntgentatsachen, und durchaus schon mit so etwas wie \(\alpha\)-, \(\beta\)-, \(\gamma\)-Strahlen. Das ist etwas, was tatsächlich so benützt werden kann, dass es weites Interesse bei den Kindern erweckt.

HERMANN VON BARAVALLE fragt wegen des Atomismus.

RUDOLF STEINER: Ich habe das Gefühl bekommen von unseren Freunden, dass die ganze Geschichte vom Atomismus - Sie können nicht leugnen, dass tatsächlich, was Sie selbst arbeiten, auf den Unterricht abfärben muss. Ich glaube, dass Sie die richtige Tonnuance finden werden, wenn Sie doch noch die Sache etwas historisch durcharbeiten. Und da glaube ich, dass Sie gut tun würden, wenn Sie einfach die Geschichte da anfassen würden, wo die Polemik pro und kontra der Strukturformeln beginnt. Vorher ist der Atomismus etwas anderes als später, wo der chemische Symbolismus von van 't Hoff beginnt. Da würde ich glauben, dass die ganze Polemik, die Kolbe geführt hat gegen die symbolistische Chemie, dass [einmal] die ganze Polemik aufgearbeitet werden [sollte], weil diese Polemik sozusagen das ganze Problem auf die eigene Grundlage der chemischen Wissenschaftsentwicklung stellt. Man kann es exakt [?] zeigen. Sie haben alle viel vorgebracht gegen den Atomismus, aber so viel wie der Kolbe geschimpft hat, haben Sie noch nicht aufbringen können. Da würde doch erst das Rechte hineinkommen, wenn man das neueste historische Element hineinbringt. Das müsste hineingefügt werden zum Phänomenalismus, der am Beginn ist in den Pelikan’schen, Kolisko’schen Betrachtungen. Er wird so lange keinen Eindruck machen, und das wäre wichtig, dass man den Namen Kolbe erwähnt. Der Kolbe hat gesagt: Der van ’t Hoff hat, um Chemie zu treiben, den Pegasus bestiegen, den er wohl offenbar sich ausgeborgt hat aus dem Tierarzenei-Institut in Berlin. - Das müsste doch noch hinzukommen.

Es ist [gar] nicht nötig, wenn man die [oben angegebenen] Kapitel behandelt, vom Atomismus zu reden; gerade bei diesem Kapitel ist es nicht nötig. Dagegen kann man von der Alchemie viel reden, und da haben Sie Gelegenheit, weit ausgreifende Betrachtungen zu liefern, die Sie nicht mystisch vernebeln dürfen. Da haben Sie Gelegenheit, bei der Marconi-Telegrafie die Einschaltung des Gehirns in den Weltzusammenhang zu behandeln, indem Sie einfach von einer ganz exakten, aber etwas weitherzigen Auffassung des Kohärers ausgehen und das Gehirn im Weltzusammenhang als eine Art Kohärer schildern. Da haben Sie die Möglichkeit, das zu zeigen, was materiell auftritt, was eigentlich in der Lokalität ausgelöst wird, sodass Sie hinweisen können, wie die Gehirnvorgänge nur durch die Lokalität des physischen [Menschen] ausgelöst sind. Sie haben die Möglichkeit, die weiteste Perspektive zu erwecken.

In der Chemie würde es notwendig sein, die chemischen Leitbegriffe [Säure, Salz, Base] möglichst vollständig zu entwickeln, sodass man weiß, was ist Alkohol, was ist ein Aldehyd. Die traditionellen Sachen, [die Trennung zwischen organischer und anorganischer Chemie], wollen wir weniger berücksichtigen. Das scheint mir dasjenige zu sein, wo hineingeflochten werden kann die Übersicht [über] die Stoffe. Ich würde es nicht für richtig finden, wonach zuerst eine Art Chemie entwickelt wird an Stoffen. Es ist besser, so den Prozess zu entwickeln, und da müsste man die Stoffe und die Metalle hineinkriegen, [so]dass im Unterricht das Gefühl hervorgerufen wird, das: es bei den Stoffen nur zu tun hat mit festgehaltenen Prozessen; dass die Vorstellung hervorgerufen wird, wie die Stoffe stehen gebliebene Prozesse sind. Wenn man ein Stück Schwefel vor sich hat, hat man den stehen gebliebenen Prozess vor sich. Wenn ich hier stehe und es regnet furchtbar, so habe ich einen Vorgang, in den ich eingespannt bin. Wenn ich aber die Wolke [von Weitem] anschaue, kommt [sie] mir wie ein Gegenstand vor. Wenn ich gewisse Vorgänge betrachte, ist es, wie wenn ich im Regen stehe. Wenn ich den Schwefel betrachte, ist es so, wie wenn ich die Wolke [von Weitem] betrachte. [Stoffe sind] erstarrt ausschauende Prozesse.

In der Naturgeschichte, da würde es darauf ankommen, in diesem Lebensalter die Zellenlehre zu behandeln. Und dann, nicht wahr, nicht gerade so ausführlich, aber indem man [charakteristische] Pflanzen [nimmt] von den niedersten bis zu den Monokotyledonen, von unten auf. Aber doch immerhin schon auf die Dikotyledonen [verweisen], dass man Parallelen zieht zwischen Blüten und Pilzen. Immer das Mycel berücksichtigen, [die Sporenbildung]. Wenn man Stockbildungen schildert, muss man auch das Mycel berücksichtigen. Mycel; Teleologie, den Zusammenhang der einzelnen Glieder der Organisation auf ein vernünftiges Verhältnis [bringen]; [Wechselursachen-Verhältnis, nicht rein kausale Verhältnisse]. Zellenlehre so behandeln, dass man sie kosmologisch behandelt.

EUGEN KOLISKO fragt wegen Zoologie.

RUDOLF STEINER: Zoologie? Die kommt nicht in diesem Jahr.

Ich glaube nicht, dass es gut wäre, zu viel Mineralografisches nachzuholen. Das wollen wir im nächsten Jahre machen. - Heute hat sich das gleich gezeigt. Es war ganz naturgemäß, immer auf den Menschen zu kommen. Ich kenne keine naturgeschichtliche Frage, von der aus man nicht auf den Menschen kommen kann.

KARL. STOCKMEYER: Wir haben [im Feldmessen] verschiedene praktische Aufgaben durchgeführt.

RUDOLF STEINER: [Nivellierung und Vermessung.] Nun möchte ich, dass Sie die Verbindung herstellen zwischen Messkunde und Geografie, damit die Kinder eine genaue Vorstellung bekommen davon, was die Mercator-Weltkarte ist. Dazu brauchen Sie auseinanderzusetzen, wie durch eine besondere Kunst der Pariser Meterstab zustande gekommen ist.

Technologie: Wasserräder, Turbinen und Papierfabrikation. Ich muss sagen, ich kann mir nicht denken, dass man da nicht auch die Jungen herankriegt, alles mitzumachen. Es darf nicht ausarten, dass Opposition eintritt.

ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH: Soll man [in der Technologie das Spinnen und] das Weben machen?

RUDOLF STEINER: Den Prinzipien nach können es die Kinder doch. Es ist doch gut, wenn wir Wasserturbinen, Papierfabrikation einführen. Auf das Weben kann man später zurückkommen. Ich sagte dazumal, das muss man nach und nach kennenlernen. Die Kinder werden viel davon haben, wenn wir ihnen die Papierfabrikation beibringen, und die Wasserräder und Turbinen, wobei man Ausblicke machen und [manches] gewinnen kann. Man kann geografische Ausblicke gewinnen, [Bedeutung der Flussläufe]. Man kann bis zu einer elementaren Nationalökonomie hinüberkommen.

KARL STOCKMEYER: Ich hatte die Aufgabe, [in der technischen Mechanik] die Schrauben[lehre] durchzunehmen.

RUDOLF STEINER: Das werden wir uns ersparen. Wir werden später darauf zurückkommen. Für die 10. Klasse bleibt es so, wie wir es festgelegt haben.

Jetzt wäre natürlich dann zu berücksichtigen, dass man in der Eurythmie, im musikalischen Unterricht gerade für dieses Lebensalter zu einer gewissen Geschmacksbildung hinüberkommt; dazu, dass die Dinge hineinverwoben werden ins Geschmacksurteil. Man braucht nicht viel Neues aufzunehmen an Inhalten, aber die Dinge zum Geschmacksurteil zu bringen.

Zum Turnen wollen wir den Grafen Bothmer haben. Der wird sich schon hineinfinden, sodass mit ihm zusammengearbeitet werden muss. Auf diesem Gebiet muss mit der gesamten Lehrerschaft gearbeitet werden. Da müssen in die anderen Dinge die Geschmacksurteile hineinkommen. Und dann haben wir —

[Auf eine Zwischenfrage Edith Röhrles:] [In der Eurythmie], da wäre es gut, wenn ein gewisser Einklang wäre, In der Ästhetik wird man den Stil zu betrachten haben an bestimmten Dichtungen. Wenn die zugleich in der Eurythmie durchgenommen würden, das würde viel helfen, [wenn man in der Eurythmie anknüpfen würde an den Stil von Gedichten]. Sie können finden, dass das eine oder andere Gedicht sich besonders geeignet gemacht hat, und da wird man finden, dass da Stilfinessen darin sind. Doktor Schwebsch wird das Gedicht verwenden wollen, um ein Sonett zu zeigen. Sonette von Shakespeare und von Hebbel werden Sie bei den von mir berücksichtigten [Eurythmie]formen finden. Sie werden die Form ganz verschieden finden, weil das unmittelbar an den Stil angepasst ist. [Das wäre auch vom Ästhetiklehrer zu berücksichtigen.]

MARIE STEINER: Ich würde empfehlen, die «Zwölf Stimmungen» von Dr. Steiner zu berücksichtigen.

RUDOLF STEINER: Es ist einmal gemacht worden, dass diese «Zwölf Stimmungen» auf die Astrologie geprüft worden sind. Es ist direkt kosmisch. Das ist etwas, was sowohl in der Stillehre behandelt werden kann wie auch in der Eurythmie. Es ist fast jede Silbe selbst in ihren Tönen daraufhin stilisiert. Sie können das innere Stilisieren dabei überall finden. Objektive Stilbildungen. Das könnte auch einmal komponiert werden. [Streng objektiv zu lesen], da würde manches herauskommen. Es könnte von erwachsenen Kindern zu einem Fest gemacht werden.

Nun wird es sich darum handeln, dass wir eingehen auf die verschiedenen Bedürfnisse der einzelnen Klassen und Lehrer. Da sind die Dinge so, dass [Sie] gefragt haben:

Es [kommt] darauf an, dass Sie den dialogischen Unterricht in den Sprachen durchführen. Dr. Schwebsch hat [den Kleinen in der 1. Klasse] wiederholt versichert, dass er kein Wort Deutsch versteht. Anknüpfen können Sie, aber die Lektüre hineinverweben. Nicht bloß vorreden, sondern die Kinder möglichst viel reden lassen. Das ist etwas, was sich heute Morgen herausgestellt hat, was die Kinder noch nicht imstande sind. Das muss berücksichtigt werden, dass die Kinder zum Reden kommen. Die Kinder müssen über das Gelesene selbst Gelegenheit haben, sich auszusprechen. [Das gilt vor allem für die höheren Klassen, wo der Sprachunterricht noch zurücksteht.] Die unteren Klassen sind viel besser in den Sprachen. In den unteren Klassen ist es leichter. Das, wo die Sprachen versagen, das sind die höchsten Klassen.

Das ist eine gute Lektüre: «Origines de la France contemporaine».

ERICH SCHWEBSCH: Könnte ich nach Shakespeare «Expansion of England» durchnehmen?

RUDOLF STEINER: Es kommt darauf an, dass Sie die Kinder vorwärtsbringen. - Die 1. Klasse war riesig vergnügt.

Die hauptsächlichen Prinzipien haben sich zum Zusammenhang entwickelt. Das, was etwas als Uneinheitliches aufgetreten ist, das ist doch die Schlamperei. Es ist eine Schlamperei eingerissen, indem man sich von selbst hinentwickelt hat zu einer Art, wie es leichter zu machen ist. Das, worauf es ankommt, ist, dass man berücksichtigt, wenn die Kinder im Chor sprechen, so ist es sehr gut, aber es ist noch kein Beweis, dass die Kinder es [einzeln] beherrschen, weil da ein Gruppengeist auftritt. Nach beiden Seiten muss gewirkt werden. Immer an die Sache anknüpfen, sodass direkt das Wort an die Sache anknüpft. Als wir gesprochen haben, hatte ich bemerkt, dass, um stereotyp zu machen gewisse Aussprachewendungen, es gut ist, an das Lernen von Gedichten anzuknüpfen. Zu diesem Zweck haben [wir das], um an ein solches Gedicht anzuknüpfen. Wenn man zwei, drei, vier solche Gedichte hat, kann man wiederum, um manches an der Aussprache zu pflegen, darauf zurückkommen. Die Dinge sind alle einmal besprochen worden. [Das Gedichte-Lernen] hat zu einer Art von Schlamperei geführt. Das liegt daran, dass auf der einen Seite der Sprachunterricht wirklich bei uns an zweiter Stelle steht, weil er nebenher gepflegt werden muss. Da sind die Lehrer schon ermüdet. Und das andere ist, dass halt doch, gerade mit Rücksicht darauf, mancher der Vorbereitung zu entkommen versucht. Man bereitet sich vor für das andere. Da ist es ganz gut, wenn man an etwas Stereotypes sich anranken kann.

Es ist schon so, dass ich die Dinge tadeln kann. Es kann die Vorbereitung nicht so sein, wie sie sein sollte. Wir müssen das Fruchtbringende unserer Methodik erst herausarbeiten. Sonst kommen wir allmählich tatsächlich [in der] Ausarbeitung des Sprachlichen [dahin], dass das nicht gelungene Bessere viel schlechter ist als das halbwegs gelungene bloß Gute. Wir könnten sehr leicht in die Kalamität hineinkommen, dass wir deshalb, weil wir das Bessere schlecht machen, nicht die Konkurrenz mit den anderen Schulen aushalten könnten. Ich möchte trotzdem - ich bin mir vollständig klar darüber, dass man innerhalb der reinen Unterrichtsstunden bei rationellem Betrieb zu dem Ideal kommen kann, das die Kinder ermüdende Hausarbeiten zu ersparen. Aber es wird halt noch nicht überall so interessant. In gewissen Dingen ist die Praxis noch nicht da. Deshalb glaube ich doch, dass man zu einer Art modifizierter Hausarbeiten kommen muss. Wir werden die Kinder im Rechnen nicht heftelange Hausarbeiten machen lassen, aber wir werden den Kindern zu Hause, wobei wir etwas individualisieren, auch auf dem Gebiete der Literaturgeschichte und Kunstgeschichte, Probleme zu lösen geben; [diejenigen, die fleißig sind, anregen, dass sie gerne zu Hause etwas üben], wobei wir uns überzeugen, dass wir [sie] nicht überlasten. Sie dürfen nicht das Gefühl kriegen, dass sie an den Aufgaben ächzen. Sie müssen es gern machen, und da ist es wirklich von großem [Einfluss], wie man die Aufgabe gibt. Da kommen solche Dinge in Betracht, dass eine Gleichung so aufgegeben wird: «Eine Dame wird gefragt ...», die Gleichungsaufgabe in Novellenform hineinbringen.

Es ist etwas, was mir doch manchmal abgegangen ist, was noch in unseren Unterricht hineingehört, das ist der Humor. Ich habe sehr darauf Rücksicht genommen; in den Klassen habe ich ihn vermisst. Ich meine nicht eine Spaßigkeit, sondern den wirklichen Humor. So wie der Mensch physisch atmen muss, so können Sie nicht von den Kindern verlangen, dass sie ständig bloß einatmen. Sie müssen auch ausatmen [können]. Und wenn Sie die ganze Stunde in einem solchen Ton und im selben Ton [alles] beibringen, so ist es so, als wenn Sie einen Menschen nur einatmen lassen, und nie ausatmen lassen. [Dazu ist Humor nötig. Humor ist das Ausatmen der Seele.] Sie müssen Humor in den Unterricht hineinbringen; das kann aus den verschiedensten Ecken gesucht werden. Der Humor kommt aus dem, was ich den Schwung genannt habe. Der Schwung muss hinein, das braucht die Jugend aller Klassen. Etwas Humor! Wenn man jeden Tag nur eine Stunde zu geben brauchte, könnte man es anders machen. Es muss Humor hinein!

Bezüglich des Handarbeitsunterrichts hatten Sie mich missverstanden. Ich dachte, dass Sie untereinander es ausarbeiten. Die Da men hätten sechsundzwanzig Stunden. Es muss die Klasse noch geteilt sein. Geben Sie mir morgen einmal die Zahl an, wie viel jede der Damen an Stunden in der Woche übernehmen kann. Sechsundzwanzig Stunden ist natürlich zu viel. Wir müssen doch sehen, auf welche Weise wir Verstärkung kriegen. Geben Sie mir ein [Verzeichnis über die] Maximalstundenzahl. 10. und 11. Klasse kann man zusammenspannen.

Die Hilfsklasse muss da sein. Der Unterricht hängt an Ihnen. Den langen Kerl müsste man in die 1. Klasse schicken. Das kann man nicht machen, aber man müsste in der letzten Konsequenz einen von der 11. Klasse in die 1. Klasse schicken.

Zum Religionsunterricht 11. Klasse.

Übergehen zu einer solchen Auffassung der Sache, die auf die Urteilskraft geht. Dass man da zur Besprechung kommt. Vorher kommt es an auf eine bildhafte Darstellung, jetzt müsste es schon darauf ankommen, im Religionsunterricht hinaufzuarbeiten [zu den] Begriffen. Man behandelt die Schicksalsfrage in religiöser Form, Schuldfrage, Sühnefrage; Vater, Sohn und Geist. Man arbeitet von Bildern zu Begriffen vorwärts. Das wird eine Art Kausalbetrachtung.

Jemand bemerkt: Obwohl wir drei Gruppen haben, genügt es nicht. Bei der Handlung für die großen Kinder sind so viele da, dass es einigen schlecht wird. Wir haben drei Handlungen.

RUDOLF STEINER: Was wünschen Sie in Bezug darauf?

HERBERT HANN: Das Hohepriesterliche Gebet ist damals [für die Jugendfeier] übersetzt worden. Pastor Ruhtenberg kann nicht übereinstimmen.

RUDOLF STEINER: 8., 9. Klasse Religion, was haben wir bestimmt gehabt?

HERBERT HANN: Wir gingen aus von der Behandlung der Laokoongruppe.

RUUDOLF STEINER:Es ist nicht nötig, dass wir das Ganze durchnehmen. So würde ich meinen, Sie haben durchgenommen Teile des Johannes-Evangeliums. Es ist furchtbar schwer mit den Kindern, wenn man sich nicht viel damit beschäftigt, die Schöpfungsgeschichte durchzunehmen. Ein anderes Kapitel aus dem Alten Testament braucht man nicht. Ich würde meinen, dass es gut wäre, wenn mit den Kindern, die das Neue Testament kennen, einmal die Apostelgeschichte genommen würde. Dabei kann man auf das Lukas-Evangelium zurückgreifen.

Lateinisch und Griechisch [in der 11. Klasse]. Wir müssen die Kinder dazu bringen, dass sie jetzt in der Besprechung der Lektüre wirklich eine Art von durcheinandergemischter Stillehre und Grammatik bekommen. Und dann namentlich den griechischen Satzbau und lateinischen Satzbau vergleichen. Das müsste man der literaturgeschichtlichen Darstellung vorangehen lassen. [Etymologisches] Verständnis des Wortes muss herausgearbeitet werden. Bei den alten Sprachen müssten Sie mehr darauf ausgehen, dass sie das Etymologische haben.

[Livius], das 1. Buch genügt. [Im Griechischen beliebige Lektüre.]

Die zwei Mädchen müssen mitgeschleppt werden.

Es wird über die Schüler der Hilfsklasse, dann über das Zeugnis des O. W. gesprochen, in dem stand, er müsse vom Leben etwas lernen [siehe 33. Konferenz, 20. Juni 1922].

RUUDOLF STEINER: Schicksalsschläge, vielleicht auch anderes. Sie können doch für sich selbst zensieren. Skeptizismus ist schlimm. Er ist der ganze Vater und noch nicht einmal so gedankenlos. Bei Herrn Stockmeyers [Worten] bekomme ich die Vorstellung, dass er ein Faulpelz ist. Ich möchte seine Arbeit charakterisiert haben. Ich erfahre nicht, wie die Zeichnungen waren. Man muss Bilder geben von dem, was [konkret] vorliegt. Die notwendige Konsequenz von Walter Johannes Steins Zeugnis wäre, den «Dr. Leben» für die Schule zu gewinnen. Dann könnten die Leute sagen, sie nehmen noch den «Dr. Leben» auf, um sachlich geschlagen zu werden. - Ich meine, man muss ihn ein Jahr dabehalten und sehen, dass er etwas lernt. [...] [Das Folgende ist lückenhaft überliefert.]

Es waren beim Ausschreiben der Zeugnisse Irrtümer unterlaufen.

RUUDOLF STEINER: Das ist ein Mangel an Ernst in der Behandlung der Zeugnisangelegenheit. Das ist eine unerhörte Schlamperei, die mit Ernst behandelt werden muss. Die Sucht, die Sachen zu entschuldigen, macht es noch schlimmer. Es ist etwas Unerhörtes, und die Fetzen [Lücke in der Mitschrift?] zusammenstellt, und die Kinder hinweist, welche Schlamperei in der ganzen Auffassung der Dinge liegt. Wenn solche Dinge vorkommen können, da sind wir wirklich nicht im Betrieb der Waldorfschule darin. Wir haben kein Recht, von Zeugnissen zu reden, wenn wir mit einer solchen schlampigen Weise vor die Welt hintreten. Das ist wirklich unglaublich. Wir kommen allmählich hinein in einen Betrieb, der überhaupt nicht ernst zu nehmen ist. Die Zeugnise sind überall mit Nummern [Lücke?] mit einer Mappe darin. [Ein Zeugnis], das ist ein Dokument! Wenn man sich [so] verschreibt und ein anderes nehmen kann - ich möchte wissen, in welchen Betrieb wir hineinkommen. Solche Dinge müssen beruhen auf einem strikten, mechanischen Gang, sodass ein Fehler unmöglich ist. Es ist ein Uhrwerk, weiter nichts. Es können doch Fehler gar nicht vorkommen.

Ich möchte lieber die Diskussion darüber abbrechen. Es scheint mir unglaublich. Wenn man Dokumente ausstellt in einer solchen Auffassung, kann man nicht diskutieren. Jedenfalls steht: «Für die Leitung der Freien Waldorfschule: Stockmeyer».

Thirty-fourth Conference

RUDOLF STEINER; Isn't it true that for the current 11th grade, literary and historical lessons are the first thing to consider? Now let's structure things so that in our discussion, we connect what is new with what was covered in 10th grade. What have we covered? - The Nibelungenlied, Gudrun, metrics, poetics. - Now, what needs to be covered in terms of metrics and poetics for this class is what I referred to yesterday as aesthetics in art lessons. First, the literary aspect must be brought to the fore in literature, in such a way that you try to make the transition from the Nibelungenlied and Gudrun to the great poems of the Middle Ages, “Parzival,” “Poor Henry,” and so on. Above all, try to use these things to evoke a coherent world of ideas in the children [through] cursory treatment, so that the children become familiar with the Parzival saga [and] experience what they cultivate in the original as a sample of the whole.

HERBERT HANN: I have dealt with that.

RUDOLF STEINER: That doesn't matter. If you are considering the principles with the children in the 11th grade right now, then it would be quite good if you covered “Poor Henry” again. The essential thing is the Parzival saga.

Then it is good to deal with the history of the same period at the same time, but for this age group, draw conclusions for the present; tie in with the present and teach the children which figures in current history are similar [to older figures] and, in particular, which are dissimilar and should be similar. In this way, a kind of judgment is brought into the whole matter. It must be taken into account that the entire 19th century arises for children in development from earlier centuries.

Then, for this class, poetry, metrics, and consideration of style will have to be cultivated in aesthetic and art lessons, whereby one need not merely remain with literary style, but can also extend to style in other arts, in music and the plastic arts. I would definitely start with the last third [of the definition of style] by Gottfried Semper, [which is very abstract], and would use [it] to show how other stylistic characteristics can be brought to the children.

In mathematics, this would involve covering trigonometry and analytical geometry as extensively as possible. In descriptive geometry, one should work to the point where children can understand and draw the intersection of a cone with a cylinder.

In physics—something I have tried out very thoroughly in the lessons I had to teach myself—in physics, it is extremely good for this age group to introduce them to the latest achievements in physics, such as wireless telegraphy, X-ray facts, and even things like \(\alpha\) , \(\beta\), and \(\gamma\) rays. This is something that can actually be used in such a way that it arouses widespread interest among children.

HERMANN VON BARAVALLE asks about atomism.

RUDOLF STEINER: I have gotten the feeling from our friends that the whole story of atomism—you cannot deny that what you yourself are working on must rub off on your teaching. I believe that you will find the right tone if you work through the matter a little more historically. And I believe that you would do well to simply tackle the history where the polemic for and against structural formulas begins. Before that, atomism is something different than later, when van 't Hoff's chemical symbolism begins. I would believe that the entire polemic that Kolbe waged against symbolic chemistry [should] be reexamined, because this polemic, so to speak, places the entire problem on the very foundation of the development of chemical science. One can show this precisely [?]. You have all argued a lot against atomism, but you have not yet been able to muster as much as Kolbe railed against it. Only when the latest historical element is brought in would the truth come to light. This would have to be added to the phenomenalism that is at the beginning of Pelikan's and Kolisko's considerations. It will not make an impression for a long time, and it would be important to mention Kolbe's name. Kolbe said: In order to pursue chemistry, van 't Hoff mounted Pegasus, which he apparently borrowed from the Veterinary Institute in Berlin. - That would have to be added.

It is not necessary to talk about atomism when dealing with the chapters [mentioned above]; it is particularly unnecessary in this chapter. On the other hand, you can talk a lot about alchemy, and there you have the opportunity to offer far-reaching observations, which you must not obscure with mysticism. Here you have the opportunity to discuss the involvement of the brain in the world context in Marconi telegraphy by simply starting from a very precise but somewhat broad conception of the coherer and describing the brain in the world context as a kind of coherer. There you have the opportunity to show what occurs materially, what is actually triggered in the locality, so that you can point out how brain processes are triggered solely by the locality of the physical [human being]. You have the opportunity to awaken the broadest perspective.

In chemistry, it would be necessary to develop the chemical concepts [acid, salt, base] as completely as possible, so that one knows what alcohol is, what an aldehyde is. We want to pay less attention to the traditional things [the separation between organic and inorganic chemistry]. That seems to me to be where the overview [of] the substances can be woven in. I would not consider it appropriate to first develop a kind of chemistry based on substances. It is better to develop the process in this way, and then you would have to incorporate the substances and metals, so that the feeling is created in the classroom that substances only have to do with fixed processes; that the idea is created that substances are processes that have come to a standstill. When you have a piece of sulfur in front of you, you have the process that has come to a standstill in front of you. When I stand here and it is raining terribly, I have a process in which I am caught up. But when I look at the cloud [from a distance], it appears to me as an object. When I observe certain processes, it is as if I were standing in the rain. When I observe the sulfur, it is as if I were observing the cloud [from a distance]. [Substances are] processes that appear to be frozen.

In natural history, it would be important to cover cell theory at this age. And then, not in such detail, but by taking [characteristic] plants from the lowest to the monocotyledons, from the bottom up. But at least [refer] to the dicotyledons, drawing parallels between flowers and fungi. Always take the mycelium into account, [spore formation]. When describing stick formations, one must also take the mycelium into account. Mycelium; teleology, bringing the individual links of the organization into a reasonable relationship; [reciprocal causality, not purely causal relationships]. Treat cell theory in such a way that it is treated cosmologically.

EUGEN KOLISKO asks about zoology.

RUDOLF STEINER: Zoology? That won't be covered this year.

I don't think it would be good to catch up on too much mineralography. We'll do that next year. - Today it became clear. It was only natural to always come back to humans. I don't know of any question in natural history that doesn't lead back to humans.

KARL. STOCKMEYER: We have carried out various practical tasks [in field measurement].

RUDOLF STEINER: [Leveling and surveying.] Now I would like you to make the connection between measurement science and geography so that the children get a clear idea of what the Mercator world map is. To do this, you need to explain how the Paris meter stick came about through a special art.

Technology: water wheels, turbines, and paper manufacturing. I must say, I can't imagine that the boys won't be able to get involved in everything. It must not degenerate into opposition.

ALEXANDER STRAKOSCH: Should we do [spinning and] weaving [in technology]?

RUDOLF STEINER: According to the principles, the children can do it. It is good to introduce water turbines and paper manufacturing. We can come back to weaving later. I said at the time that you have to learn it gradually. The children will benefit greatly if we teach them paper manufacturing, water wheels, and turbines, which will give them new perspectives and [many] advantages. They can gain geographical perspectives [the significance of river courses]. They can even learn the basics of economics.

KARL STOCKMEYER: I had the task of going through the screw gauge [in technical mechanics].

RUDOLF STEINER: We will spare ourselves that. We will come back to it later. For the 10th grade, it will remain as we have decided.

Now, of course, we would have to take into account that in eurythmy and music lessons, especially for this age group, a certain taste is developed; that things are woven into the judgment of taste. It is not necessary to take in a lot of new content, but to bring things to the judgment of taste.

We want Count Bothmer for gymnastics. He will find his way into it, so we will have to work with him. In this area, we will have to work with the entire teaching staff. Judgments of taste must be incorporated into the other subjects. And then we have —

[In response to an interjection from Edith Röhrle:] [In eurythmy], it would be good if there were a certain harmony. In aesthetics, we will have to consider the style of certain poems. If these were also covered in eurythmy, it would be very helpful [if eurythmy were to tie in with the style of poems]. You may find that one or the other poem is particularly suitable, and you will find that there are stylistic refinements in it. Dr. Schwebsch will want to use the poem to show a sonnet. You will find sonnets by Shakespeare and Hebbel in the [eurythmy] forms I have considered. You will find the form quite different, because it is directly adapted to the style. [This should also be taken into account by the aesthetics teacher.]

MARIE STEINER: I would recommend taking Dr. Steiner's “Twelve Moods” into account.

RUDOLF STEINER: These “Twelve Moods” have once been examined in relation to astrology. They are directly cosmic. This is something that can be dealt with both in the teaching of silence and in eurythmy. Almost every syllable is stylized in its tones. You can find the inner stylization everywhere. Objective stylizations. That could also be composed at some point. [To be read strictly objectively], as some things would come out. It could be turned into a celebration by grown-up children.

Now it will be a matter of responding to the different needs of the individual classes and teachers. The situation is such that [you] have asked:

It is important that you conduct dialogical teaching in the languages. Dr. Schwebsch has repeatedly assured [the little ones in the 1st grade] that he does not understand a word of German. You can follow up, but weave the reading into it. Don't just talk, but let the children talk as much as possible. This is something that became apparent this morning, something that the children are not yet capable of. It must be taken into account that the children need to talk. The children must have the opportunity to express themselves about what they have read. [This is especially true for the higher grades, where language teaching is still lagging behind.] The lower grades are much better at languages. It is easier in the lower grades. It is in the highest grades that languages fail.

This is a good read: “Origines de la France contemporaine.”

ERICH SCHWEBSCH: Could I go through “Expansion of England” after Shakespeare?

RUDOLF STEINER: It is important that you help the children progress. - The first grade was extremely happy.

The main principles have developed into a coherent whole. What appeared to be inconsistent is actually sloppiness. Sloppiness has crept in as a result of developing a way of doing things that is easier. What is important is to take into account that when the children speak in unison, it is very good, but it is not yet proof that the children have mastered it [individually], because a group spirit comes into play. Efforts must be made on both sides. Always tie it to the subject matter so that the word is directly related to the subject matter. When we spoke, I noticed that in order to make certain pronunciations stereotypical, it is good to tie it to learning poems. For this purpose, [we have] to tie it to such a poem. If you have two, three, or four such poems, you can come back to them in order to practice certain aspects of pronunciation. Everything has been discussed once. [Learning poems] has led to a kind of sloppiness. This is because, on the one hand, language teaching really takes second place for us, because it has to be done on the side. The teachers are already tired. And the other thing is that, precisely because of this, some people try to avoid the preparation. They prepare for the other thing. So it's quite good if you can cling to something stereotypical.

It's true that I can criticize things. The preparation can't be what it should be. We first have to work out the fruitful aspects of our methodology. Otherwise, we will gradually come to the point where the unsuccessful better is much worse than the reasonably successful merely good. We could very easily fall into the calamity of not being able to compete with other schools because we make the better bad. Nevertheless, I would like to say that I am fully aware that, within the framework of pure teaching hours and with rational operation, it is possible to achieve the ideal of sparing children tedious homework. But it is not yet so interesting everywhere. In certain areas, the practice is not yet there. That is why I believe that we must arrive at a kind of modified homework. We will not make the children do pages and pages of homework in arithmetic, but we will give them problems to solve at home, which we will individualize somewhat, also in the areas of literary history and art history; [encourage those who are diligent to enjoy practicing at home], while making sure that we do not overload them. They must not feel that they are groaning under the tasks. They must enjoy doing it, and how you set the task really has a big [influence] on this. Things like setting an equation in the form of a novella come into consideration: “A lady is asked ...”.

There is something that I sometimes missed, something that still belongs in our lessons, and that is humor. I paid a lot of attention to this; I missed it in the classes. I don't mean fun, but real humor. Just as people need to breathe physically, you cannot expect children to constantly inhale. They must also be able to exhale. And if you teach the whole lesson in the same tone and in the same tone, it is as if you were letting a person only inhale and never exhale. [This requires humor. Humor is the exhalation of the soul.] You must bring humor into the classroom; it can be found in many different places. Humor comes from what I have called momentum. Momentum must be brought in; that is what young people of all classes need. A little humor! If you only had to teach one hour a day, you could do it differently. Humor must be brought in!

You misunderstood me regarding the handicraft lessons. I thought you would work it out among yourselves. The ladies would have twenty-six hours. The class still has to be divided. Tomorrow, give me the number of hours each of the ladies can take on per week. Twenty-six hours is too much, of course. We have to see how we can get reinforcement. Give me a [list of the] maximum number of hours. The 10th and 11th grades can be combined.

The auxiliary class must be there. The lessons depend on you. The tall guy should be sent to the 1st grade. That can't be done, but as a last resort, one of the 11th graders would have to be sent to the 1st grade.

Regarding religious education in the 11th grade.

Moving on to such a view of the matter, which depends on the power of judgment. That one comes to a discussion there. Before that, it depends on a pictorial representation; now it should be a matter of working up to the concepts in religious education. One deals with the question of fate in a religious form, the question of guilt, the question of atonement; Father, Son, and Spirit. One works forward from images to concepts. This becomes a kind of causal observation.

Someone remarks: Although we have three groups, it is not enough. There are so many children in the play for the older children that some of them feel sick. We have three plays.

RUDOLF STEINER: What would you like to see in this regard?

HERBERT HANN: The High Priestly Prayer was translated at that time [for the youth celebration]. Pastor Ruhtenberg cannot agree.

RUDOLF STEINER: 8th and 9th grade religion, what did we decide?

HERBERT HANN: We started with the Laocoön group.

RUUDOLF STEINER: It is not necessary for us to go through the whole thing. I would say that you have gone through parts of the Gospel of John. It is terribly difficult with children if you don't spend a lot of time on the story of creation. You don't need another chapter from the Old Testament. I would think it would be good to take the Acts of the Apostles with children who are familiar with the New Testament. You can refer back to the Gospel of Luke.

Latin and Greek [in 11th grade]. We have to get the children to really learn a kind of mixed-up syntax and grammar when discussing the reading. And then compare Greek and Latin sentence structure in particular. This should precede the presentation of literary history. An etymological understanding of the word must be developed. With ancient languages, you should focus more on the etymological aspect.

[Livy], the first book is sufficient. [Any reading in Greek.]

The two girls must be brought along.

There is talk about the students in the remedial class, then about O. W.'s report card, which said that he needed to learn something about life [see 33rd Conference, June 20, 1922].

RUUDOLF STEINER: Strokes of fate, perhaps other things too. You can censor for yourselves. Skepticism is bad. He is the whole father and not even so thoughtless. From Mr. Stockmeyer's [words] I get the impression that he is a lazybones. I would like to have his work characterized. I don't know what the drawings were like. You have to give pictures of what is [concretely] available. The necessary consequence of Walter Johannes Stein's report card would be to win over “Dr. Life” for the school. Then people could say they are still taking “Dr. Life” in order to be objectively beaten. - I think you have to keep him for a year and see that he learns something. [...] [The following is incomplete.]

Errors were made when writing the report cards.

RUUDOLF STEINER: This is a lack of seriousness in dealing with the report card issue. This is outrageous sloppiness that must be dealt with seriously. The urge to excuse things makes it even worse. It is something unheard of, and the scraps [gap in the transcript?] are pieced together, and the children are shown what sloppiness lies in the whole conception of things. If such things can happen, then we are really not operating as a Waldorf school. We have no right to talk about report cards when we present ourselves to the world in such a sloppy manner. It's really unbelievable. We are gradually getting into a business that cannot be taken seriously at all. The report cards are everywhere with numbers [gap?] with a folder in them. [A report card] is a document! If you make a mistake [like this] and can take another one – I would like to know what kind of operation we are getting into. Such things must be based on a strict, mechanical process so that mistakes are impossible. It's a clockwork mechanism, nothing more. Mistakes cannot happen.

I'd rather stop discussing this. It seems unbelievable to me. If you issue documents with such an attitude, there's no room for discussion. In any case, it says: “For the management of the Free Waldorf School: Stockmeyer.”