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Lectures to Priests: The Apocalypse
GA 346

Dornach, 17 September 1924

Lecture XIII

I have already shown that the Apocalypse is built up on the number principle—one of the occult principles—from a certain view point. From my explanations about the fundamental rhythmic numbers in the universe and in man earlier today you may have seen how deeply numbers are grounded in the universe, to the extent that they can disclose rhythmical things.

The buildup in accordance with numbers is quite natural with occult revelations which are written in the way that the Apocalypse of John is. According to the modern principle of initiation the visions that the Apocalypticer speaks about arise if one has Imaginations before one and Inspiration speaks into them. Then one sees the Imaginations spread out before one in a pictorial way and Inspirations speak through them. However, when this occurs one has a number principle whereby the number 7 is always the most perfect one for all occultists. This is practically a tenet of occultism: 7 is the most perfect number. The number principle enables one to follow things up. You shouldn't think that this number 7 has much content or that its content is very important for one. But it is of very great importance when one is listening to Inspirations. If one lives in the number seven one can understand Inspirations in many different ways. I will give you an example. Let's suppose someone feels that there are important spiritual backgrounds behind his own age. Of course most people around the world feel the spiritual backgrounds in their own time; this is only natural from a human point of view, but it is rather arbitrary nevertheless. For if I am an observer in 1924, the observation year is 1924, whereas if someone else is an observer in the year 1905, that is the observation year, and so on. However, if I am the observer at any time and I know what I'm observing, and I'm able to go 7 impressions back from any given impression, then according to the laws of the spiritual world whatever makes the seventh impression explains the first one, and the fourteenth one explains both of these. So this is really a methodic principle to find one's way into what something can tell one. Just as one has to know the language which someone is speaking in order to understand him, so the main thing is to be able to live in this number seven.

This is the way one has to look at these things. For this revelation of the number seven is very complicated. All kinds of things in the universe are arranged in accordance with the number seven, and to a lesser extent according to twelve and other numbers. One can follow up the events which explain things from every point through multiples of 7.

We can do this precisely in connection with the fact that we indicate such an important point yesterday, which really seems to be extremely important in our age where Michael is regulating things in the world. We pointed out that John's significant vision of the woman clothed with the sun, the dragon under her feet, giving birth to a little boy will appear to men in a particular form in the near future. Therewith we have gained an extremely important point of departure; and from this point of view an apocalypse, every apocalypse and especially John's Apocalypse is the most impressive if one grasps what one is standing in in this way.

When I tried to interpret the Apocalypse in Nuremberg in 1908 it was an entirely different time in the entire Anthroposophical movement. The main thing then was to interpret Anthroposophy by means of the Apocalypse, as it were. One can interpret a great deal through the Apocalypse, and the events in the world which it was important to mention at that time could already be seen in the Apocalypse. However, as I already mentioned a number of times, you should identify yourselves with the Apocalypse and realize that the Apocalypse describes a large number of events which proceed in accordance with multiples of seven. Since I pointed to the events which are connected with the woman clothed with the sun and the dragon under her feet, you will be able to tell in which Apocalyptic point of time we're living from the point of view of the experiences of the consciousness soul.

My lectures in 1908 dealt more with the evolution of mankind in general, and with the evolution of the astral body, but with respect to the consciousness soul which doesn't run parallel with the other evolutionary processes, but pushes into them we're really living in the age of the trumpet sounds today.

We're standing at the beginning of the development of the consciousness soul, and we only hear the trumpet sounds if this consciousness soul elevates itself to the point where it can have supersensible visions, because people do not interpret what goes on down below in a supersensible way today. The significant thing today is that people accept things indifferently and that they do not interpret them in a supersensible way. In Anthroposophical lectures I have often referred to a particular point in the 19th century in this connection, namely to the beginning of the 1840s. I said that the beginning of the forties is a significant incision into the development of the civilized world, from a spiritual viewpoint. It is the culmination of materialism, as it were. Everything that is connected with materialism was already decided in 1843/44. What happened after this until now is basically only an after effect of this, and everything that happens in the future will also be an after effect. This point in time at the beginning of the forties is really extremely important for what has happened to the civilized population of Europe and its American appendage, for the breaking in of Ahrimanic powers into human affairs was a tremendously intensive one. You can say: yes, but there were even worse events after the years 1843/44. However, this only seems to be the case. You have to remember that Ahriman is smarter than human beings. Ahriman did his most important work in 1843/44, and he arranged things in the way that he does this in accordance with his intelligence. This is the low point in the materialistic path, or the summit, if you prefer. Then men continued to go about their business, and the things they did later on are sometimes seemingly nastier, but they are not as terrible for the totality of human evolution. If one looks at them from a spiritual viewpoint, they are the after effects of what was projected at the beginning of the forties. The sixth angel began to blow his trumpet at the beginning of the forties and he will continue to sound until the events of which I spoke yesterday will begin at the end of the 20th century, when the seventh trumpet will begin to sound.

We are definitely in the midst of the three woes. This is the second woe that civilized humanity is going through in the age of the consciousness soul, which was preceded by the fifth trumpet back to 150 years earlier. And if we follow the trumpets back with respect to the seven-foldness of the consciousness soul, we arrive at a somewhat earlier point in time. The consciousness age begins in 1413 down below here on earth; but things have shifted, and earlier times work into them. The trumpet sounds go back to about the age of the Crusades. In real occult centers one always looked upon this time of the Crusades up to our time as the age of the trumpet sounds, in a certain sense. You will be able to connect the stages which are described in the Apocalypse' with outer events. For instance, when Copernicanism takes hold and when materialism sets in one third of the human beings are killed, that is, they stop developing their full spirituality. And the plague of locusts which is described in the Apocalypse is really very shocking.

Here one comes to something which one doesn't like to talk about, although of course it belongs to the things that priests must deal with. This plague of locusts is with us in a very prominent way from a purely consciousness standpoint. Of course such things should not be discussed when we speak in a theoretical way or when we speak to humanity in general, where cures for sick conditions can always occur. But if it's a question of priestly activities, then of course one must know with whom one is dealing, just as one has to know this for normal humanity.

As a rule, the people who call themselves liberals or democrats are very glad if they can point to evidence that the number of people in a particular region on earth is increasing tremendously. An increase in the population is something which is very much desired, especially by politically minded democratic and liberal people, and also by people who think that they are free thinkers and intellectuals.

Now first of all this is not quite correct, because the statistics are based on errors; people usually look at one part of the earth and they don't realize that the other parts of the earth were more densely populated in previous times than they are today. It is not quite correct; however, on the whole it is correct in the sense that there is a kind of a surplus of human beings who are already appearing in our time who have no egos, who are not really human. This is a terrible truth. They walk around and are not incarnations of an ego; they enter into the physical line of heredity and receive an etheric body and an astral body. In a certain way they are equipped with an Ahrimanic consciousness, and they look human if one doesn't look too closely, but they are not human beings in the full sense of the word.

This is a terrible truth, which is present, it's a truth, and when the Apocalypticer speaks about the plague of locusts during the trumpets epoch he is referring directly to human beings. Here again one can see how good the Apocalypticer's vision is, for such men in their astral body look exactly the way the Apocalypticer describes them—like etheric locusts with human faces. One definitely has to think about such supersensible things in this way, and priests must know about such things. For a priest is a minister. Hence he must also be able to find words for everything that happens in such a soul. They're not always bad souls; they can just be souls who get to the soul stage but are lacking an ego.

One will certainly realize this when one runs into these human beings. A priest has to know this, for after all there is fellowship among men with regard to such matters. People with normal souls suffer through their association with such persons who really go through the world like human locusts. The question can and must arise: How should one behave towards such human beings? It is often very difficult to relate to such people because they feel things deeply, they can feel things very deeply, but one notices that there is no real individuality in them. However, one must of course take care to keep the fact that they have no individualities from them, otherwise insanity will necessarily result. But even though one has to conceal this from them, it's a question of arranging things for such souls—after all they are souls, even though they're not spirits—in such a way that these people can develop in the company of others, that they can make connections with others and go along with them, as it were. These human beings display the nature and essence of human beings fairly closely until their 20th year. The intellectual or mind soul only emerges around age 20, and this makes it possible for the ego to live out its life on earth.

Anyone who says that one shouldn't act in a sympathetic way to such ego-less, individuality-less people, since they won't incarnate again and because they have no individuality—is very much mistaken. He would also have to say that one shouldn't behave in a sympathetic way towards children. One must decide what is really inside such men in each individual case. Sometimes such men contain posthumous souls, that is, posthumous with respect to the actual or normal human souls that arose at a particular time in evolution and which incarnate repeatedly as men. These are souls which remained behind, or they are souls which returned belatedly from other planets, to which almost all human beings went during a certain age. Such souls may be present in such human bodies. Thus we must consciously educate such men like permanent children.

All of this is really secreted in the Apocalypse. And if one takes these ideas in the Apocalypse that are given as Imaginations, they sometimes cut into one's heart in a terrible way. It's really horrible the way he talks about all kinds of suffering that will befall mankind on earth with regard to our age; we can only say that a great deal of this is already here as far as the spiritual aspects go.

Then of course there are mildly grand ideas like the angels who come down with incense and a censer. There's a reference to the smoke of incense. Then our gaze immediately falls upon a great deal which happened at the time of the Crusades. The trumpets go back to the Crusades. What we see in the sphere of the consciousness soul enters the consciousness soul of humanity during the Crusades epoch.

Here one finds that consciousnesses of individual personalities arise during the time of the Crusades and what is connected with this, who really had tremendously strong impressions from their experiences of the spiritual world. Here we really meet what I would like to call geniuses of piety. It's very important for us to realize that we meet geniuses of, religiousness there.

If we go further back, we find that for the consciousness sphere the period between the Mystery of Golgotha and the time of the Crusades and everything that is connected with this is a smaller epoch that corresponds to the opening of the seven seals. One can only understand this completely if one realizes the following. Just think of how many personalities arise during the time of the Crusades who direct almost all of their religiousness into their depths, into their intensity of feeling, into an inner mystical experience. This begins at that time, whereas previously one looked up into the whole universe when one wanted to perceive the divine world; the previous state of affairs also existed in tone-setting places, although there was a continual battle with the stream that proceeded from Rome. They had an understanding for the God who lives, weaves and works in the sensory phenomena to which they looked up. However, at some point everything was more or less directed within. The great geniuses of mysticism appear. Previously one received divine revelations through the perception of the universe; afterwards we have a feeling of the, inner kindling of light which the human heart can feel, so that divine things can be illuminated from within men.

The stages which the Apocalypse describes are also present here. We have the first, quiet, victorious advance, where the spreading out of Christianity depends on the victorious spirit and word, where Christianity spreads out in the sub-depths of the social life at that time. Then we have a second epoch, where the spread of, Christianity takes away a lot of what one could call peace from the world. Christianity participates quite a bit in the wars which take place in a second epoch. Then we see an epoch where a gradual dying out of the inner impulse of Christianity occurs, where Christianity becomes the state religion, which of course is a dying of the real Christian impulse. Then we have the period which corresponds to the fourth seal, when Islam breaks in in the way I described. And so it goes; seal after seal is opened, and then what occurs under the influence of significant religious geniuses and under the influence of the Crusades is something that one can observe if one follows up what really happened more exactly. In this respect all the history books are really a falsification of history.

Up till the Crusades the spread of Christianity in a good sense through the repeated efforts of countless members of monastic orders and also in a more external and bad sense, occurred through the direct inspiration of the Palestinian stories. Of course, the gospels were only referred to by priests and not by laymen, but the things that happened were definitely influenced by what the priests learned from the gospels. The priests had the gospels and the cultic rites; the cult gradually became something that reflected the supersensible world in a sensory way. The priests looked upon the sacrifice in the mass as a direct portal to the supersensible world, and therefore they looked up to the starry heavens less and less for their divine, spiritual inspiration. All of the wonderful prophecies and wisdom which I mentioned this morning in connection with ancient astrology and astrosophy disappeared almost entirely by the time of the Crusades.

During the time of the Crusades we suddenly see people appearing who travelled from east to west. Some of them are coming back from the Crusades, and others who came a little later had taken a deep interest in the secrets of the Orient. A large number of writings were brought from the east that were later lost or destroyed. They were definitely brought, but not many of them survived because people didn't watch their literary possessions as vigilantly then as one does today. However, the cosmic Christianity which they contained was handed down by word of mouth from about the time of the Crusades. People began to develop a deep interest in this at the time of the Crusades.

A kind of 7th seal is opened here. And one could say that things have really changed with regard to people's respect for written things. For instance, it's still uncertain at the moment, but if this Italian professor really did find handwritten things by Livius, you can imagine what a storm the Italian state will kick up in order to acquire them. And yet you wouldn't have to go back too far to get to a time when the state would have been quite indifferent to whether or not this or that had been found. This is something which has only developed rather recently.

I once witnessed a find like this. When I was at the Goethe and Schiller archives we received a letter by Goethe which looked rather odd; it was dirty and terribly torn. To us this was a real crime; that was no way to treat Goethe's letters. We tried to find out what was behind this. And we discovered that the letter had once been in the possession of Kuno Fischer, and he had simply sent Goethe's original letters to the printers with his notes and comments in the margins, without bothering to copy them. It was a bit miraculous that this letter had survived, since one generally doesn't keep manuscripts.

Thus it's not too surprising that the Christianity that was still alive in the Orient, or the orientalism that helped to explain Christianity were spread by the Crusades. What we would call cabalistic truths spread and a few people who might have known much more than Jakob Boehme lived at a time when no one thought that this was strange, whereas during Jakob Boehme's time the fact that someone like him existed created a sensation.

It is the time of the Crusades, where we want to point to what was going on in men's consciousnesses, and not so much to the outer events that are described in history books,—it's the time when the seal age gave way to the trumpet age. People with a little depth to them have always had a feeling about the time of the Crusades which made them say: Ah yes, the trumpet sounds; if I look at the thing from supersensible viewpoints it's really terrible what is going on there with respect to human souls. However, men on earth don't hear the trumpets, even though they're there.

A great many people should be aware of this trumpet period, since we're living at the time of the 6th trumpet, and you know what the most important effects and characteristics of this trumpet are. We're told that a third part of the men are killed, as I mentioned. Of course this doesn't happen all at once. But this killing refers to the absence of an ego in those men who had already been prepared previously through their locust forms.

These are things which force priests to look more deeply into the structure of what actually occurs. After all, priests are supposed to be dealing with supersensible things. We are surrounded by supersensible things in all directions, and what one can observe in human beings through the fact that they have a physical body is only one segment of human life. As soon as we press into the supersensible world we see that people do things of which they are often not aware. It could be that it's in someone's karma to behave in a particular way towards another human being in this earth life; and one can sometimes not know what it does to the other person's life if he goes by him without paying any attention to him. Of course later on karma will exert much more force and the thing will be adjusted; but maybe it could have been adjusted in this lifetime already. Someone who should have had something to do with another human being in this life cannot be moved to do it and he passes him by. One doesn't necessarily have to notice this in outer life on the physical plane. No real objections to this can be made, since the person concerned has done all of his duties, from a conventional outer viewpoint, but perhaps he did something that can strike terribly deep wounds into something which is connected with world evolution. Then one cannot say that one is dealing with super-terrestrial things, but with supersensible things, for supersensible things are constantly happening on earth.

It will be necessary to understand the Apocalypse in a serious way, to the extent that the one whom I called the etheric Christ will make himself visible within humanity. Therefore, it was due to a very healthy feeling which came up out of your deepest sub-consciousness that you wanted to make the Apocalypse into the object of these studies. Perhaps you initially had a different idea about what I can give about the Apocalypse at this time, but that you wanted to hear something about the Apocalypse from me was definitely the voice of the times in your hearts. And one can say that the fact that the need arose in you to understand the Apocalypse shows that you have a certain relationship with John the Apocalypticer, since you priests belong together and have become united in such tendencies. Since this permeation with the spirit of the Apocalypse is very necessary for you, you will not find any contradiction in the fact that one can find various sevenfold epochs, that one can really begin them anywhere and that one then discovers how things proceed; but if one cannot look upon the number principle as the methodic thing one won't find any connections in world evolution at all. Therewith we have really touched upon the productive side of the Apocalypse for our time.

Now we usually find other events sprinkled into the Apocalypse at the places where one set of seven goes over into the next one. that we run into here is very much in need of an explanation. If one only reads the Apocalypse in an external way one might think that there are so and so many numbers of human beings who have the seal of God on their foreheads in a particular epoch, so that they are among the fortunate ones who are rescued, or saved, or, however one wants to put it, whereas the others cannot be saved. This, is something which can be depressing if one reads the Apocalypse in a thoughtful way.

However, one should realize that there is always a difference between racial development and individual development in ancient writings. One should realize that no one felt at all depressed in earlier times when one said that so and so many will be saved in a particular race, whereas the others will be destroyed. No one included himself among these because one thought in a realistic way. It's just like today, where everyone is anxious to have his life insured.

Here one calculates how long one will probably live. Insurance companies don't accept people who will probably die soon because if they insured a lot of people who will soon die, their cash boxes would soon be empty. They want to have people who live a long time and make a lot of payments. Hence one must calculate the insured's probable life expectancy on the basis of past experience through probability calculus, which is a very interesting method of calculation. I have never found that anyone felt that he had to die at the moment he was supposed to according to the no doubt correct methods of the insurance companies. There's no such thing. One doesn't feel obliged to die. And this is based on a reality. As soon as one gets into numbers one is not grasping the stage of spirituality at which a particular human individuality is.

When one says such things, one is touching upon a certain mystery and an occult secret. This is based on the fact that one thinks that if one has 1,2,3,4,5 individualities and one counts them and then uses the number—already in counting them—that this must also be of importance for the spiritual world. But it is not important in the same way. Numbers enter in at the moment when the spiritual world breaks through and becomes manifest. As for instance when it becomes manifest in the world year or in breathing, or wherever the spiritual world breaks through. So that if one ascends to a spiritual consciousness, one needs the number at the boundary or threshold into the spiritual world. One doesn't get further there if one doesn't have a number or something similar to a number. But once on has crossed the threshold and one wants to do something with numbers, nothing fits. Therefore, when an occult writer like the Apocalypticer speaks of racial development which takes place on earth, he can very well say that there are so and so many people in this category—and we will see next time what these numbers mean—but a single human individuality cannot feel that he is affected by this, because these numbers refer to the development of races and not to human individualities. We will go into how all of this is possible the next time.

Dreizehnter Vortrag

[ 1 ] Meine lieben Freunde! Von einem bestimmten Gesichtspunkt aus habe ich ja bereits gezeigt, wie die Apokalypse auf dem Prinzip der Zahl, einem der okkulten Prinzipien, aufgebaut ist. Nun haben Sie vielleicht gerade in der heutigen Auseinandersetzung über die fundamentalen rhythmischen Zahlen des Weltalls und des Menschen wiederum gesehen, wie tief begründet die Zahl, insofern sie Rhythmisches zur Offenbarung bringen kann, begründet ist im Weltall.

[ 2 ] Nun ist es mit den okkulten Offenbarungen, welche so gehalten sind wie die Apokalypse des Johannes, so, daß der Aufbau nach der Zahl eigentlich ganz selbstverständlich ist. Schen Sie, diese Schauung, von der der Apokalyptiker spricht, die ergibt sich nach dem modernen Initiationsprinzip dann, wenn in die Imaginationen, die man vor sich hat, hereinspricht die Inspiration. Man hat dann die Schauung so, daß sich ausbreitet die Bildhaftigkeit der Imagination, und daß durch die Imagination hindurch die Inspiration spricht. Dann aber, wenn das eintritt, geschieht es nach dem Prinzip der Zahl - wobei für alle Okkultisten immer die Sieben die vollkommenste Zahl ist; es ist geradezu ein Satz des Okkultismus; Sieben ist die vollkommenste Zahl -, und man hat die Möglichkeit, nach dem Prinzip der Zahl die Dinge zu verfolgen. Sie müssen sich dabei nicht vorstellen, daß diese Zahl Sieben von so großer Bedeutung ist für den Inhalt, den man empfängt. Sie ist aber von einer unermeßlich großen Bedeutung dafür, die Inspirationen zu hören. Wenn man selber in der Siebenzahl lebt, kann man in der verschiedensten Weise die Inspirationen verstehen. Ich will Ihnen ein Beispiel sagen. Nehmen wir an, jemand empfindet für seine eigene Zeit wichtige geistige Hintergründe. Das ist natürlich in bezug auf das ganze Weltbild mehr oder weniger willkürlich, wenn man gerade für seine eigene Zeit die geistigen Hintergründe empfindet; menschlich ist das ja natürlich, aber es ist doch mehr oder weniger willkürlich. Nehmen wir also an, ich bin der Beobachter im Jahre 1924, so ist das Beobachtungsjahr nur 1924; ein anderer ist der Beobachter im Jahre 1903, da ist das Beobachtungsjahr nur 1903.* Wenn ich aber als Beobachtender unabhängig davon bin, wann meine Beobachtung stattfindet und ich sehe richtig ein, was ich da in die Beobachtung nehme, und ich habe die Fähigkeit, um sieben Eindrücke zurückzugehen, ganz gleichgültig, von wo aus, so ist nach den Gesetzen der geistigen Welt immer das, was den siebten Eindruck macht, wieder aufklärend für den ersten, das vierzehnte wiederum aufklärend für die beiden. Es ist also mehr ein methodisches Prinzip, sich hineinzufinden in das, was einem etwas sagen kann. Nicht, wahr, so, wie man, wenn man eine Sprache versteht, den anderen Menschen verstehen kann, der in dieser Sprache redet, so ist es hier eigentlich die Hauptsache, daß man in der Siebenzahl leben kann. Und so muß man die Dinge auch auffassen. Denn dieses Offenbaren der Siebenzahl ist ja außerordentlich kompliziert. Es ist sozusagen alles mögliche im Weltenall nach der Siebenzahl geordnet, in geringerem Maße nach der Zwölfzahl und wiederum nach anderen Zahlen, und man kann von jedem Punkte aus im Vielfachen von Sieben die Ereignisse aufklärend verfolgen.

[ 3 ] Als ich im Jahr 1908 in Nürnberg versuchte, die Apokalypse des Johannes zu interpretieren, war das ja für die ganze anthroposophische Bewegung eine andere Zeit. Da kam es vor allen Dingen darauf an, gewissermaßen die Anthroposophie selber an der Hand der Apokalypse zu interpretieren. Man kann aus der Apokalypse heraus vieles interpretieren, weil auch die weltgeschichtlichen Ereignisse, die zu erwähnen zunächst damals wichtig war, an der Apokalypse schon abgeschaut werden können. Aber für Sie ist es, wie ich schon wiederholt angedeutet habe, heute notwendig, sich in Ihrem Ich mit der Apokalypse zu identifizieren und ganz konkret auf das Wirkliche zu schauen, daß die Apokalypse eine ganze Fülle, eine Vielfalt von in der Siebenzahl vorrükkenden Ereignissen zeigt. Indem ich vom Gesichtspunkte des Erlebens der Bewußtseinsseele hingedeutet habe auf jene Ereignisse, die da zusammenhängen mit dem «Weib, mit der Sonne bekleidet, ... den Drachen unter ihren Füßen» werden Sie selbst sehen, in welchem Zeitpunkt der apokalyptischen Rechnung wir jetzt leben. Wir leben jetzt in bezug auf die Bewußtseinsseele im Zeitalter der Posaunenklänge - nicht in bezug auf die Entwickelung des Astralleibes und nicht in bezug auf die Entwickelung der Menschheit im allgemeinen, das ist mehr in meinen Vorträgen von 1908 enthalten -, aber in bezug auf die eigentliche Entwickelung der Bewußtseinsseele, die nicht den anderen Entwickelungsprozessen parallel geht, sondern sich wie hineinschiebt in diese, leben wir jetzt im Zeitalter der Posaunenklänge.

[ 4 ] Nun ist es so, daß wir am Anfang der Entwickelung der Bewußtseinsseele - wir stehen ja erst am Anfang der Bewußtseinsseelenentwickelung —, daß wir zunächst nur dann, wenn die Bewußtseinsseele sich erhebt zu übersinnlichen Schauungen, die Posaunenklänge wahrnehmen, weil von den Menschen der Gegenwart eben das, was unten im Irdischen vorgeht, nicht in übersinnlichem Sinn gedeutet wird. Das ist ja das Bedeutsame, daß die Dinge nicht im übersinnlichen Sinn heute gedeutet werden, sondern eben durchaus in einem gleichgültigen Sinn hingenommen werden. Ich habe ja des öfteren bei anthroposophischen Betrachtungen auf einen gewissen Zeitpunkt im 19. Jahrhundert hingewiesen, auf den Anfang der vierziger Jahre. Ich sagte, dieser Anfang der vierziger Jahre stellt, geistig gesehen, einen wichtigen, einen bedeutungsvollen Einschnitt in der Entwickelung der zivilisierten Welt dar. Er ist sozusagen die Kulmination des Materialismus.

[ 5 ] Alles in bezug auf den Materialismus war eigentlich 1843/44 schon entschieden. Das weitere war im Grunde genommen Auswirkung und wird noch weiter Auswirkung sein. Aber für das, was über die zivilisierte Menschheit Europas und ihres amerikanischen Anhangs gekommen ist, ist schon der Zeitpunkt im Beginn der vierziger Jahre von einer unendlich großen Bedeutung, weil damals das Hereinbrechen der ahrimanischen Mächte in die Menschheitsangelegenheiten ein ungeheuer intensives war. Sie können sagen: Ja, nach den Jahren 1843/44 sind ja noch schlimmere Ereignisse gekommen. — Aber sehen Sie, das ist nur scheinbar. Sie müssen nur denken, daß Ahriman gescheiter ist als die Menschen. Im Jahre 1843-44 handelte im wesentlichen Ahriman. Der stellte die Dinge so, wie er es nach seiner Intelligenz macht. Das ist der Tiefpunkt oder meinetwillen der Kulminationspunkt des materialistischen Weges. Dann haben die Menschen weitergewirtschaftet, und das, was die Menschen weitergewirtschaftet haben, ist zwar äußerlich scheinbar manchmal viel häßlicher, aber für die Gesamtheit der menschlichen Evolution nimmt es sich nicht so gräßlich aus; und wenn man es vom Gesichtspunkt des Spirituellen betrachtet, ist es Auswirkung dessen, was projektiert war im Beginn der vierziger Jahre des 19. Jahrhunderts durch Ahriman.

[ 6 ] Mit diesem Beginn der vierziger Jahre beginnt der sechste Posaunen-Engel zu blasen, und er wird blasen, bis am Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts diejenigen Ereignisse eintreten, von denen ich gestern gesprochen habe, wo der siebente Posaunenengel zu blasen beginnt. Wir stehen also durchaus schon drinnen im Gebiet der Wehen. Es ist das zweite Wehe, das wir im Gebiet der Bewußtseinsseele als zivilisierte Menschheit haben und dem schon etwa anderthalb Jahrhunderte dasjenige voranging, was die fünfte Posaune war. Und wenn wir die Posaunen mit Bezug auf die Siebenzahl im Bewußtseinsseelenzeitalter zurückverfolgen, so kommen wir auf einen etwas früheren Zeitpunkt. Hier unten auf Erden beginnt das Bewußtseinsseelenzeitalter 1413. Aber die Dinge verschieben sich, frühere Zeiten wirken herein; wir kommen zurück mit den Posaunenklängen etwa bis in das Zeitalter der Kreuzzüge. Ja, an wirklichen okkulten Stätten hat man diese Zeit von dem Zeitalter der Kreuzzüge bis in unsere Zeit herein auch immer als das Zeitalter der Posaunenklänge aufgefaßt. Und Sie werden die Etappen desjenigen, was in der Apokalypse geschildert ist, auch darin finden können. Sie werden finden können, wie unter dem Hereinbrechen des Materialismus, sagen wir zum Beispiel, als der Kopernikanismus heranrückte, ein Drittel der Menschen eigentlich geistig getötet wurde, das heißt, aufhörte, volle Geistigkeit zu entwickeln. Und wirklich furchtbar erschütternd ist ja die in der Apokalypse geschilderte Heuschreckenplage.

[ 7 ] Da kommen wir aber auf eine Sache, die man, ich möchte sagen, nicht gern sagt, die aber natürlich zu den Dingen gehört, die gerade in das Priesterwirken hereinschlagen. Diese Heuschrekkenplage ist ja, vom reinen Bewußtseinsstandpunkt aus gesehen, im allereminentesten Sinne schon eingetreten, nicht wahr, wenn wir theoretisch sprechen. Wenn wir zu Menschen sprechen, wo ja immer Gesundungen eintreten können bei kranken Verhältnissen, dann dürfen solche Dinge nicht erörtert werden; aber wenn es sich um priesterliches Wirken handelt, dann muß man doch wissen, mit wem man es bei den Menschen in der Regel zu tun hat.

[ 8 ] Es ist ja so, daß in der Regel ungeheure Fröhlichkeit besteht bei denen, die sich heute liberale oder demokratische Menschen nennen, wenn sie wieder und wieder anführen können, daß sich die Menschheit in einem bestimmten Gebiet der Erde so ungeheuer vermehrt. Bevölkerungszunahme ist ja das, was so stark ersehnt wird besonders von demokratisch-liberalen Menschen, ich meine im politischen Sinn, auch von allen, wie sie meinen, geistig frei Denkenden.

[ 9 ] Nun, sehen Sie, erstens ist das nicht ganz richtig, weil die Statistiken auf Irrtümern beruhen; man nimmt bei den statistischen Vergleichsrechnungen nicht die ganze Erde, man nimmt immer nur ein Stück der Erde und denkt nicht daran, daß die anderen Teile der Erde zu anderen Zeiten eben dichter bevölkert waren als heute. Es ist also im einzelnen nicht immer ganz richtig, aber im ganzen ist es schon richtig, daß in unserer Zeit eine Art überzähliger Menschen erscheinen, die ichlos sind, die keine Menschen in Wirklichkeit sind. Das ist eine furchtbare Wahrheit. Sie gehen herum, sie sind keine Inkarnationen eines Ich, sie werden hereingestellt in die physische Vererbung, bekommen Ätherleib und Astralleib, sie werden in gewissem Sinne innerlich ausstaffiert mit einem ahrimanischen Bewußtsein; sie machen den Eindruck von Menschen, wenn man nicht genau hinsieht, aber sie sind nicht im vollen Sinne des Wortes Menschen.

[ 10 ] Das ist eine schreckliche Wahrheit, das ist vorhanden, das ist eine Wahrheit. Und direkt auf Menschen selber weist der Apokalyptiker hin, wenn er in der fünften Posaunenepoche von der Heuschreckenplage spricht. Und wiederum kann man den Apokalyptiker in seinem Schauen erkennen. Denn in ihrem astralischen Leib erscheinen solche Menschen durchaus so, wie sie der Apokalyptiker beschreibt: als ätherische Heuschrecken mit Menschengesichtern. Es ist durchaus so, daß man über solche übersinnlichen Dinge so zu denken hat, daß der Priester solche Dinge wissen muß. Denn er ist der Seelsorger. Er muß also auch die Worte finden können für alles das, was in einer solchen Seele vorgeht. Es brauchen durchaus nicht immer böse Seelen zu sein, es können eben Seelen sein, die bis zum Seelischen kommen, aber des Ichs entbehren. Man wird schon darauf kommen, wenn man auf diese Menschen stößt. Der Priester muß dies wissen, denn das beeinflußt ja die Gemeinschaft unter den Menschen. Und vor allen Dingen leiden diejenigen Menschen, die echt beseelt sind, von solchen Personen, die eigentlich als Menschen-Heuschrecken durch die Welt gehen. Und es kann und muß sogar die Frage entstehen: Wie hat man sich solchen Menschen gegenüber zu verhalten?

[ 11 ] Solchen Menschen gegenüber hat man oftmals eine recht schwierige Aufgabe, weil sie durchaus tief fühlend sind; sie können außerordentlich tief fühlend sein, man merkt aber, es steckt nicht eine eigentliche Individualität in ihnen. Nur hat man ihnen das natürlich sorgfältig zu verbergen, daß keine Individualität in ihnen steckt, denn sonst wäre ja die notwendige Folge der Wahnsinn. Aber trotzdem man ihnen das zu verbergen hat, handelt es sich darum, daß man für solche Seelen — Seelen sind es ja doch, wenn auch nicht Geister -, alles so einrichtet, daß diese Menschen den Anschluß finden an andere Menschen, in deren Gefolge sie sich entwickeln können, daß sie also gewissermaßen Mitgehende dieser anderen werden. Diese Menschen zeigen eigentlich ziemlich genau die Natur und Wesenheit des Menschen bis zum zwanzigsten Lebensjahr. Denn beim zwanzigsten Lebensjahr wird ja erst die Gemüts- oder Verstandesseele geboren und damit die Möglichkeit des irdischen Auslebens des Ich gegeben.

[ 12 ] Derjenige, der behaupten wollte, solchen ichlosen, individualitätslosen Menschen gegenüber solle man sich nicht teilnahmsvoll verhalten, da sie eine künftige Inkarnation nicht hätten, weil ja keine Individualität da sei, der irrt gar sehr. Er müßte dann auch behaupten, man solle sich den Kindern gegenüber nicht teilnahmsvoll verhalten. Es ist in jedem einzelnen Fall zu entscheiden, was eigentlich in einem solchen Menschen steckt. Manchmal stecken postume Seelen in solchen Menschen, postum gegenüber den Menschenseelen, die in einem bestimmten Zeitalter der Entwickelung entstanden sind und sich als Menschen immer wiederholt verkörperten. Aber es können auch zurückgebliebene Seelen sein, solche, die später von einem anderen Planeten wieder zurückgekommen sind, wohin in einem bestimmten Zeitalter fast die ganze Menschheit gegangen war. Auch solche Seelen können in solchen Menschenleibern stecken. Wir müssen also mit vollem Bewußtsein diese Menschen wie bleibende Kinder erziehen.

[ 13 ] Sehen Sie, das alles ist eigentlich schon in die Apokalypse hineingeheimnißt. Und wenn man so diese Vorstellungen nimmt, die ja als Imaginationen sich ergeben - in der Apokalypse sind sie ja manchmal furchtbar ins Herz schneidend; schrecklich, wenn da geredet wird von allem möglichen Leid, das über die Erdenmenschheit kommt —, da müssen wir sagen: In unserem Zeitalter ist viel von dem wirklich vorhanden, in geistigen Aspekten allerdings.

[ 14 ] Nun gibt es aber natürlich auch, ich möchte sagen mild-großartige Vorstellungen in der Apokalypse, wie zum Beispiel die Engel, die mit dem Räucherwerk herabkommen, mit dem Rauchfaß (Apk. 8, 3). Auf den Opferrauch wird hier hingewiesen. Und dort fällt dann unser Blick auf vieles, was zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge stattgefunden hat. Mit den ersten Posaunen werden wir zurückversetzt zu den Kreuzzügen; bis in die Kreuzzugsepoche hinein kommen wir ja, wenn wir die Bewußtseinsseelenentwickelung der Menschheit überblicken. Und da sehen wir, daß da einzelne Persönlichkeiten auftreten im Zeitalter der Kreuzzüge und der damit zusammenhängenden Zeit, die tatsächlich ungeheuer starke Impressionen hatten von ihrem Miterleben der geistigen Welt. Wir treffen da tatsächlich auf, ich möchte sagen, die Genies der Frömmigkeit. Das ist außerordentlich wichtig, daß wir uns darüber klar sind. Wir treffen da auf die Genies der Frömmigkeit.

[ 15 ] Kommen wir weiter zurück, so finden wir zurückschauend vor unserem Bewußtseinsfeld die Zeit von dem Mysterium von Golgatha bis zum Zeitalter der Kreuzzüge und alle dem, was damit zusammenhängt und können dieses Zeitalter als eine kleinere Epoche der Sieben-Siegel-Eröffnung ansehen. Man versteht das vollständig eben erst dann, wenn man sich über folgendes klar ist. Denken Sie nur, wieviele Persönlichkeiten gerade im Zeitalter der Kreuzzüge auftreten, die fast alle ihre Religiosität nach innen leiten in die Tiefe, in die Intensität des Gefühls, in das innere mystische Erleben. Das beginnt ja damals, während vorher im Grunde genommen noch hinaufgeschaut wurde in das ganze Weltall, wenn man die Welt des Göttlichen wahrnehmen wollte — jedenfalls von den maßgebenden Menschen, wenn auch unter dem fortwährenden Kampf mit der von Rom ausgehenden Strömung. Es war das Verständnis vorhanden für den Gott, der in der sinnlichen Erscheinung, zu der man aufblickte, lebt und webt und wirkt. Dann aber wird alles mehr oder weniger nach innen geleitet. Die großen Genies der Mystik erscheinen. Vorher haben wir ein Anschauen des Weltalls als einer Offenbarung des Göttlichen; nachher haben wir ein Erfühlen dessen, was das Menschenherz erfühlen kann als inneres Licht-Entzünden, so daß vom Inneren des Menschen aus das Göttliche beleuchtet werden kann.

[ 16 ] Und diese Etappen, die die Apokalypse beschreibt, sind ja durchaus auch in der Ausbreitung des Christentums vorhanden. Wir haben da das erste still-sieghafte Vordringen des Christentums, wobei die Ausbreitung des Christentums eigentlich in der Kraft des siegenden Geistes, des siegenden Wortes liegt. Es wird das Christentum ausgebreitet, ich möchte sagen, in den Untergründen des damaligen sozialen Lebens. Wir haben dann eine zweite Epoche, in welcher die Ausbreitung des Christentums viel von dem von der Erde wegnimmt, was man nennt: Friede. Es nimmt das Christentum an dem Streit in der zweiten Epoche ganz wesentlich teil. Wir sehen dann auch das Zeitalter, wo nach und nach ein Ersterben des inneren Impulses des Christentums eintritt, wo das Christentum zur Staatsreligion wird, was natürlich ein Ersterben des wirklichen ursprünglichen christlichen Impulses ist. Wir haben dann aber die Epoche, die man aufzufassen hat als diejenige des vierten Siegels, wo in der Weise, wie ich es geschildert habe, der Mohammedanismus hereinbricht. Und so wird weiter Siegel für Siegel eröffnet, und dasjenige, was dann unter dem Einfluß der Kreuzzüge geschieht, geschieht ja dennoch unter dem Einfluß bedeutender religiöser Genies, das kann man ja beobachten, wenn man genauer verfolgt, was eigentlich geschehen ist. In dieser Beziehung ist die ganze Geschichtsschreibung eigentlich durch und durch Geschichtsfälschung.

[ 17 ] Denn sehen Sie, vor den Kreuzzügen ist ja eigentlich alle Verbreitung des Christentums, ich möchte sagen, im Guten geschehen. Und das, was da durch zahllose Mitglieder des Mönchtums wieder und wieder geschehen ist, auch das im äußeren Sinne Schlimme, ist ja, als das Christentum sich verbreitet hat, bis zu den Kreuzzügen, in Europa im Grunde genommen mehr oder weniger in unmittelbarer Anlehnung an die palästinensischen Erzählungen geschehen. Die Evangelien waren allerdings nicht die Lektüre der Laien, sie waren Beschäftigung der Priester. Aber das, was dazumal geschah, stand durchaus unter dem Einfluß dessen, was die Priester ersehen konnten aus dem Evangelium. Die Priesterschaft hatte Evangelium und Kultus. Der Kultus war das, in dem sich die übersinnliche Welt auf sinnliche Weise spiegelte. Die Messe, das Meßopfer selber, war für die Priester dasjenige, in dem sie die unmittelbaren Tore zum Übersinnlichen sahen. Deshalb sahen sie allmählich immer mehr und mehr ab von einem Hinaufblicken zur Offenbarung des Göttlich-Geistigen durch den Sternenhimmel und alle die alten wunderbaren Weissagungen, die noch im Zusammenhang mit dem geblieben waren, was ich heute morgen — gegenüber der heutigen Astronomie und Astrologie — Astrosophie genannt habe, alle diese alten Weistümer wurden allmählich fast ganz verhüllt, bis zu dem Zeitalter der Kreuzzüge.

[ 18 ] Im Zeitalter der Kreuzzüge sehen wir plötzlich überall Menschen auftreten, die nun auch von Osten nach Westen wandern, entweder solche, die unmittelbar von den Kreuzzügen zurückkommen, oder solche, die etwas später kamen und bei denen deshalb Dinge Wurzel gefaßt hatten, die Geheimnisse des Orients waren. Da sind nach Europa eine Fülle von Schriften aus dem Osten gebracht worden, die später zugrunde gegangen sind; es ist das dem Umstand zuzuschreiben, daß man nicht mit solchen Argusaugen gewacht hat über all dasjenige, was man schriftlich hatte, wie man heute darüber wacht. Dadurch ist kaum viel geblieben von dem, was schriftlich da war. Viel mehr ist durch die Tradition des Mündlichen wieder verbreitet worden vom Sinne eines kosmischen Christentums, und das hat Wurzel gefaßt gerade zur Zeit der Kreuzzüge.

[ 19 ] Da wird eine Art siebentes Siegel eröffnet. Und man könnte sagen, was den Respekt vor dem Geschriebenen betrifft, soll man sich nur einmal vorstellen: Wenn das wahr ist, daß ein italienischer Professor die Livius-Handschriften entdeckt hat, was für ein Sturm da vom heutigen italienischen Staat gemacht wird trotzdem alles ungewiß ist —, um diese Livius-Handschriften in die Hand zu bekommen. Man braucht gar nicht weit in der Zeit zurückzugehen und dem Staat wäre es höchst gleichgültig gewesen, ob das oder jenes gefunden worden ist. Das Interesse, Geschriebenes aufzubewahren, ist etwas, was erst später aufgekommen ist.

[ 20 ] Ich selbst habe ein gelungenes Stückchen gesehen in dieser Beziehung, als ich im Goethe-Schiller-Archiv war. Da bekamen wir einen Brief Goethes, der sonderbar aussah: dreckig, furchtbar zerrissen. Zu der Zeit, als ich im Goethe-Schiller-Archiv war, war das schon eine Sünde. So behandelt man Goethes Briefe nicht. Wir forschten nach, was dahinter war. Siehe da, der Brief war einmal im Besitz von Kuno Fischer gewesen, und der hatte einfach Goethes Brief in die Druckerei gegeben, hat ihn aber nicht abgeschrieben, sondern den Originalbrief mit seinen Notizen und Randbemerkungen an den Drucker geschickt. Es ist nur ein Wunder gewesen, daß der Brief sich trotzdem erhalten hat, da man damals im allgemeinen Manuskripte nicht behielt.

[ 21 ] So braucht man sich nicht über die Tatsache zu wundern, daß in der Zeit, in der das Christentum sich durch die Kreuzzüge mit dem Orientalismus berührte, Wahrheiten sich verbreiteten im Christentum, die wir heute kabbalistische Wahrheiten nennen würden. Und mancher lebte in dieser Zeit, der vielleicht mehr wußte als Jakob Böhme, ohne daß das Aufsehen machte, während es in der Zeit Jakob Böhmes schon Aufsehen machte, daß so ein Mensch da war wie Jakob Böhme.

[ 22 ] Es ist die Zeit der Kreuzzüge — wobei wir nicht so sehr auf die äußeren Ereignisse, die in den Geschichtsbüchern beschrieben werden, hinweisen wollen, als auf das, was im Bewußtsein der Menschen vor sich geht -, es ist die Zeit der Kreuzzüge das Zeitalter, wo sich die Siegel-Zeit verwandelt in die Posaunen-Zeit. Tiefer fühlende Naturen haben die Zeit von den Kreuzzügen bis heute immer so gefühlt, daß sie sagten: Ach, es ist furchtbar, was da im Zeichen der Posaunenklänge - wenn ich es vom übersinnlichen Gesichtspunkte betrachte - in den Menschenseelen vor sich geht. Aber die Menschen auf Erden hören nicht auf die Posaunenklänge.

[ 23 ] Dieses Bewußtsein müßten eigentlich recht viele Menschen gerade von dieser Zeit haben, die wir eben jetzt als das Zeitalter der sechsten Posaune durchleben, von der Sie ja wissen, was ihre wesentlichsten Eigenschaften und was ihre wesentlichsten Auswirkungen sind. Ein Drittel der Menschen, so wird da angeführt (Apk. 9,15), wird getötet werden. Das geschieht natürlich erst im Lauf der Zeit. Mit «Töten» ist hier aber gemeint dieses Nichtvorhandensein des Ichs in denjenigen Menschen, die schon vorher vorbereitet waren durch die Heuschreckengestalt.

[ 24 ] Das sind die Dinge, die gerade den Priester zwingen, tiefer hineinzuschauen in das Gefüge desjenigen, was eigentlich geschieht. Der Priester soll es ja zu tun haben mit dem Übersinnlichen. Wir sind ja nach allen Richtungen hin vom Übersinnlichen umgeben. Dasjenige, was an den Menschen beobachtet werden kann, insoweit sie einen physischen Leib haben, ist ja nur ein Ausschnitt aus dem Menschenleben. Sobald wir beginnen, in das Übersinnliche einzudringen, dann sehen wir ja die wirklichen Taten der Menschen, und wir sehen, daß sie sich deren Folgen oft gar nicht bewußt sind. Man kann manchmal gar nicht wissen, was ein Mensch im Leben eines anderen anrichtet, wenn er an ihm vorbeigeht, ohne sich um ihn zu kümmern, obwohl es eigentlich in seinem Karma gelegen hat, sich ihm gegenüber in diesem Erdenleben in einer bestimmten Weise zu verhalten. Später einmal wird dieses Karma allerdings einen größeren Zwang ausüben, es wird schon ausgeglichen werden, aber eigentlich hätte es in diesem Leben ausgeglichen werden müssen. Das braucht man im äußeren physischen Leben nicht zu bemerken. Es ist eigentlich nichts gegen den betreffenden Menschen einzuwenden, er hat vom äußeren, bürgerlichen Gesichtspunkt aus alle seine Pflichten getan, aber er hat vielleicht im Sinne des Zusammenhanges mit der Weltevolution etwas getan, was furchtbar tiefe Wunden geschlagen hat. Man kann nicht sagen, daß es sich dabei um überirdische Dinge handelt, sondern es handelt sich um übersinnliche Dinge, denn innerhalb des Irdischen geht das Übersinnliche fortwährend vor sich.

[ 25 ] Sehen Sie, die Apokalypse in diesem Ernst zu verstehen, das wird ja eine Notwendigkeit sein in dem Maße, wie das, was ich den ätherischen Christus genannt habe, innerhalb der Menschheit sichtbar werden wird. Daher entspricht es schon einer ganz gesunden Empfindung, die aus dem tiefsten Unterbewußtsein heraufkam, daß Sie, meine lieben Freunde, gerade die Apokalypse zum Gegenstand dieser Betrachtungen machen wollten. Vielleicht hatten Sie sich das etwas anders vorgestellt, was ich gerade in der jetzigen Zeit über die Apokalypse geben kann, aber daß Sie von mir Betrachtungen über die Apokalypse hören wollten, das war durchaus die Stimmung der Zeit in Ihren Herzen. Und man könnte schon sagen: Daß in Ihnen das Bedürfnis entstand, die Apokalypse zu verstehen, daß Ihr auch als Priesterschaft, die zusammengehört, Euch vereinigt in solchen Tendenzen, das zeigt, daß Ihr schon in gewissem Sinn Verwandtschaft habt mit dem Apokalyptiker, mit Johannes. Und so wird das, was vor allen Dingen für Euch notwendig ist, dieses Sichdurchdringen mit dem Geiste der Apokalypse, keinen Widerspruch darin finden, daß man bestimmte Epochen nach dem Prinzip der Siebenzahl unterscheiden kann, daß man damit im Grunde genommen überall anfangen kann und daß sich dann findet, wie die Dinge gehen. Man wird überhaupt nicht die Zusammenhänge in der Weltenevolution finden, wenn man nicht das Prinzip der Zahl als Methode der Betrachtung anwendet. Sehen Sie, damit haben wir die Seite der Apokalypse berührt, die gerade für unsere Zeit wesentlich und fruchtbar ist.

[ 26 ] Nun finden wir ja eingestreut in die Apokalypse, gewöhnlich an den Stellen, wo die Siebenzahl in andere übergeht, auch andere Ereignisse. Da tritt uns wiederum etwas entgegen, was ja sehr einer Aufklärung bedarf. Denken Sie nur, daß einem da in Zahlen entgegentritt: In einem bestimmten Zeitraum sind soundsoviele Menschen da, die das Siegel Gottes an ihrer Stirne tragen, die also zu den Glücklichen gehören, die gewissermaßen gerettet oder erlöst werden oder wie man es nennen will (Apk. 7, 4-8); die anderen aber können gar nicht zu einer Erlösung kommen. Wenn man so äußerlich die Apokalypse liest, ist es etwas, was beim Lesen zunächst etwas Bedrückendes haben kann.

[ 27 ] Nun muß man aber sich klar darüber sein, daß überall in alten Schriften ein Unterschied gemacht wird zwischen Rassenentwikkelung und individueller Entwickelung der Menschen. Man muß sich durchaus darüber klar sein, daß kein einzelnes Individuum sich irgendwie bedrückt fühlte in früheren Zeiten, wenn man davon sprach, von einer Rasse würden einmal soundsoviele gerettet, die anderen würden untergegangen sein. Denn keiner rechnete sich dazu, weil man real dachte, ganz genau in derselben Weise, wie heute, wenn ein Mensch sich dazu drängt, daß ihm sein Leben versichert wird. Dabei wird ja ausgerechnet, wie lange man wahrscheinlicherweise noch leben wird. Die Versicherungsanstalten, nicht wahr, nehmen Leute nicht an, die wahrscheinlich bald sterben; denn würden sie lauter Leute assekurieren, die bald sterben, so würden sie bald ihre Kassen leer haben. Sie wollen Leute haben, die lange leben und lange einzahlen; daher müssen sie mit einer Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung, die ja eine ganz interessante Rechnungsmethode ist, bei dem, der zu versichern ist, aus den verschiedensten Antezedenzien heraus seine wahrscheinliche Lebensdauer berechnen. Ich habe noch nie gefunden, daß jemand sich deshalb verpflichtet fühlte, in dem Moment zu sterben, den die Assekuranzgesellschaft als seinen wahrscheinlichen Tod nach ihrer gewiß richtigen Methode berechnet hat. Das gibt es nicht; man fühlt sich nicht verpflichtet, gerade dann zu sterben. Und da liegt auch eine Realität zugrunde. Sobald man in die Zahl hineinkommt, erfaßt man nicht diejenige Stufe der Geistigkeit, auf der die menschliche Individualität steht.

[ 28 ] Sehen Sie, wenn man solche Dinge sagt, berührt man eben ein gewisses Mysterium, ein okkultes Geheimnis. Es beruht darauf, daß man glaubt, wenn man eins, zwei, drei, vier, fünf Individualitäten abzählt und dann diese Zahl anwendet auf Geistiges, dieses Zählen müsse auch für die geistige Welt eine Bedeutung haben. Das hat es aber nicht in derselben Weise. Das Prinzip der Zahl tritt in dem Moment auf, wo die geistige Welt durchbricht und sich offenbart, sich offenbart meinetwillen im platonischen Weltenjahr oder in der Zahl der Atemzüge und so weiter, überhaupt da, wo die geistige Welt durchbricht. So daß man, wenn man zum Geistbewußtsein aufsteigt, an der Grenze, an der Schwelle in die geistige Welt hinein die Zahl braucht. Da kommt man nicht weiter, wenn man die Zahl oder etwas der Zahl Ähnliches nicht hat. Aber wenn man drüben im Geistigen ist und will mit den Zahlen etwas anfangen, dann paßt alles nicht. Daher kann sehr wohl ein solcher okkult Schreibender wie der Apokalyptiker, wenn er von der auf der Erde sich abspielenden Rassenentwickelung spricht, sagen: Soundsoviele sind da, die werden errettet und soundsoviele werden untergehen — wir werden das nächste Mal sehen, was diese Zahlen bedeuten -, aber es kann dadurch sich nicht die einzelne Menschenindividualität betroffen fühlen, denn diese Zahlen sind wohl auf die Entwickelung der Rassen, nicht aber auf die Individualität des Menschen zu beziehen.

[ 29 ] Wie das dann im Genaueren möglich ist zu verstehen, das werde ich dann noch das nächste Mal auseinandersetzen.

Thirteenth Lecture

[ 1 ] My dear friends! From a certain point of view, I have already shown how the Apocalypse is based on the principle of numbers, one of the occult principles. Now, in today's discussion of the fundamental rhythmic numbers of the universe and of human beings, you may have seen once again how deeply rooted the number is in the universe, insofar as it can reveal rhythmic patterns.

[ 2 ] Now, with occult revelations such as the Apocalypse of John, the structure based on numbers is actually quite natural. This vision, of which the apocalyptic writer speaks, arises according to the modern principle of initiation when inspiration speaks into the imaginations that one has before one. One then has the vision in such a way that the imagery of the imagination spreads out and inspiration speaks through the imagination. But when this happens, it occurs according to the principle of numbers — whereby for all occultists, seven is always the most perfect number; it is virtually a tenet of occultism that seven is the most perfect number — and one has the opportunity to pursue things according to the principle of number. You must not imagine that this number seven is of such great importance for the content one receives. But it is of immeasurable importance for hearing the inspirations. If one lives in the number seven oneself, one can understand the inspirations in many different ways. Let me give you an example. Let us assume that someone senses spiritual backgrounds that are important for their own time. Of course, in relation to the whole world view, it is more or less arbitrary to sense spiritual backgrounds specifically for one's own time; this is natural from a human point of view, but it is still more or less arbitrary. So let us assume that I am the observer in 1924, then the year of observation is only 1924; another is the observer in 1903, then the year of observation is only 1903. But if, as an observer, I am independent of when my observation takes place and I correctly understand what I am observing, and I have the ability to go back seven impressions, no matter where I start from, then according to the laws of the spiritual world, what makes the seventh impression always clarifies the first, and the fourteenth clarifies both. So it is more of a methodological principle to find one's way into what can tell one something. Just as when one understands a language, one can understand other people who speak that language, so here the main thing is actually to be able to live in the number seven. And that is how one must understand things. For this revelation of the number seven is extremely complicated. Everything in the universe is ordered according to the number seven, to a lesser extent according to the number twelve, and again according to other numbers, and from every point one can follow events in multiples of seven in an enlightening way.

[ 3 ] When I attempted to interpret the Apocalypse of John in Nuremberg in 1908, it was a different time for the entire anthroposophical movement. At that time, it was primarily a matter of interpreting anthroposophy itself on the basis of the Apocalypse. Much can be interpreted from the Apocalypse, because the events in world history that were important to mention at that time can already be gleaned from the Apocalypse. But for you, as I have repeatedly indicated, it is necessary today to identify with the Apocalypse in your ego and to look very concretely at the reality that the Apocalypse shows a whole wealth, a variety of events advancing in the number seven. By pointing out, from the perspective of the experience of the consciousness soul, those events that are connected with the “woman clothed with the sun ... and the dragon under her feet,” you will see for yourselves at what point in the apocalyptic reckoning we are now living. In relation to the consciousness soul, we are now living in the age of the trumpet sounds — not in relation to the development of the astral body and not in relation to the development of humanity in general, which is more covered in my lectures from 1908 — but in relation to the actual development of the consciousness soul, which does not run parallel to the other developmental processes, but rather pushes its way into them, we are now living in the age of the trumpet blasts.

[ 4 ] Now, at the beginning of the development of the consciousness soul — we are only at the beginning of the development of the consciousness soul — that we initially only perceive the sounds of trumpets when the consciousness soul rises to supersensible visions, because people today do not interpret what is happening below in the earthly realm in a supersensible sense. This is indeed significant, that things are not interpreted in a supersensible sense today, but are accepted in a completely indifferent sense. I have often referred in anthroposophical considerations to a certain point in time in the 19th century, to the beginning of the 1840s. I have said that, spiritually speaking, the beginning of the 1840s represents an important, significant turning point in the development of the civilized world. It is, so to speak, the culmination of materialism.

[ 5 ] Everything relating to materialism was actually already decided in 1843/44. What followed was basically an effect and will continue to be an effect. But for what has come upon civilized humanity in Europe and its American appendage, the beginning of the 1840s is of infinitely great significance, because at that time the intrusion of the Ahrimanic forces into human affairs was tremendously intense. You may say: Yes, even worse events came after 1843/44. — But you see, that is only apparent. You only have to think that Ahriman is more intelligent than human beings. In 1843-44, it was essentially Ahriman who was at work. He arranged things as he does according to his intelligence. That is the low point, or for my part, the culmination of the materialistic path. Then people continued to act, and what people continued to do is sometimes much uglier on the outside, but for the whole of human evolution it does not look so terrible; and when viewed from a spiritual point of view, it is the effect of what was projected at the beginning of the 1840s by Ahriman.

[ 6 ] With this beginning of the 1840s, the sixth trumpet angel begins to blow, and he will blow until the end of the 20th century, when the events I spoke of yesterday occur, and the seventh trumpet angel begins to blow. So we are already well into the realm of the birth pangs. It is the second birth pang that we have in the realm of the consciousness soul as civilized humanity, and it was preceded about a century and a half ago by what was the fifth trumpet. And if we trace the trumpets back in relation to the number seven in the age of the consciousness soul, we arrive at a somewhat earlier point in time. Here on earth, the age of the consciousness soul begins in 1413. But things shift, earlier times have an effect; we go back with the sounds of the trumpets to about the age of the Crusades. Yes, in truly occult places, this period from the age of the Crusades to our own time has always been understood as the age of the trumpet sounds. And you will also be able to find the stages of what is described in the Apocalypse in it. You will find how, under the onslaught of materialism, for example when Copernicanism approached, a third of humanity was actually spiritually killed, that is, ceased to develop full spirituality. And the plague of locusts described in the Apocalypse is truly terribly shocking.

[ 7 ] But this brings us to something that, I would say, people do not like to talk about, but which is, of course, one of the things that particularly affects the work of priests. From a purely conscious point of view, this plague of locusts has already occurred in the most eminent sense, has it not, if we speak theoretically? When we speak to people, where recovery is always possible in unhealthy circumstances, such things should not be discussed; but when it comes to priestly work, one must know what kind of people one is generally dealing with.

[ 8 ] It is true that, as a rule, there is tremendous joy among those who today call themselves liberal or democratic people when they can repeatedly point out that humanity is multiplying so enormously in a certain area of the earth. Population growth is what is so strongly desired, especially by democratic-liberal people, I mean in the political sense, and also by all those who consider themselves to be free thinkers.

[ 9 ] Well, you see, first of all, that is not entirely correct, because the statistics are based on errors; statistical comparisons do not take the whole earth into account, but only a part of it, and do not consider that other parts of the earth were more densely populated at other times than they are today. So in detail it is not always entirely correct, but on the whole it is true that in our time there appears to be a kind of surplus population of people who are egoless, who are not really human beings. This is a terrible truth. They walk around, they are not incarnations of an ego, they are placed into physical heredity, they receive an etheric body and an astral body, they are in a certain sense inwardly endowed with an Ahrimanic consciousness; they give the impression of being human beings if one does not look closely, but they are not human beings in the full sense of the word.

[ 10 ] That is a terrible truth, it is real, it is a truth. And the apocalyptic writer refers directly to human beings themselves when he speaks of the plague of locusts in the fifth trumpet epoch. And again, one can recognize the apocalyptic writer in his vision. For in their astral body, such people appear exactly as the apocalyptic writer describes them: as ethereal locusts with human faces. It is certainly true that one must think about such supersensible things, that the priest must know such things. For he is the pastor. He must therefore also be able to find the words for everything that goes on in such a soul. These do not always have to be evil souls; they can simply be souls that have reached the spiritual level but lack an ego. One will realize this when one encounters such people. The priest must know this, for it influences the community among people. And above all, those people who are truly inspired suffer from such individuals, who actually go through the world like human locusts. And the question can and must arise: How should one behave towards such people?

[ 11 ] One often has a rather difficult task with such people, because they are quite deeply sensitive; they can be extraordinarily deeply sensitive, but one notices that there is no real individuality in them. Of course, one must carefully hide from them that there is no individuality in them, because otherwise the inevitable consequence would be madness. But even though this must be concealed from them, it is important to arrange everything for such souls — for they are souls, even if they are not spirits — in such a way that these people can connect with other people in whose company they can develop, so that they become, as it were, companions of these others. These people actually reveal quite accurately the nature and essence of human beings up to the age of twenty. For it is only at the age of twenty that the soul of the mind or intellect is born, and with it the possibility of living out the ego on earth.

[ 12 ] Anyone who would claim that one should not be compassionate toward such egoless, individuality-less people because they have no future incarnation, since they have no individuality, is very much mistaken. They would then also have to claim that one should not be compassionate toward children. It must be decided in each individual case what actually lies within such a person. Sometimes posthumous souls reside in such people, posthumous in relation to the human souls that arose in a certain age of development and repeatedly incarnated as human beings. But they can also be retarded souls, those who later returned from another planet, where almost all of humanity had gone in a certain age. Such souls can also reside in such human bodies. We must therefore consciously educate these people as if they were eternal children.

[ 13 ] You see, all of this is actually already hinted at in the Apocalypse. And if we take these ideas, which are, of course, imaginings – in the Apocalypse they are sometimes terribly heart-rending; it is awful when it speaks of all kinds of suffering that will come upon humanity on earth – then we must say: in our age, much of this is really present, albeit in spiritual aspects.

[ 14 ] But of course there are also, I would say, mildly magnificent ideas in the Apocalypse, such as the angels coming down with incense, with the censer (Rev. 8:3). Reference is made here to sacrificial smoke. And there our gaze falls on much that took place at the time of the Crusades. With the first trumpets we are transported back to the Crusades; we come right up to the Crusades era when we survey the development of the consciousness soul of humanity. And there we see that there were individuals in the age of the Crusades and the associated period who were actually deeply impressed by their experiences of the spiritual world. We actually encounter, I would say, the geniuses of piety. It is extremely important that we are clear about this. We encounter the geniuses of piety.

[ 15 ] If we go further back, we find before our consciousness the period from the Mystery of Golgotha to the age of the Crusades and everything connected with it, and we can regard this age as a smaller epoch of the opening of the Seven Seals. One can only fully understand this when one is clear about the following. Just think how many personalities appear in the age of the Crusades who direct their religiosity inward, into the depths, into the intensity of feeling, into the inner mystical experience. This began at that time, whereas before, people basically still looked up into the whole universe when they wanted to perceive the world of the divine — at least the influential people did, even if they were in constant struggle with the current emanating from Rome. There was an understanding of the God who lives and weaves and works in the sensory appearance that people looked up to. But then everything is more or less directed inward. The great geniuses of mysticism appear. Before, we have a view of the universe as a revelation of the divine; afterwards, we have a feeling of what the human heart can feel as an inner ignition of light, so that the divine can be illuminated from within the human being.

[ 16 ] And these stages, which the Apocalypse describes, are also present in the spread of Christianity. We have the first quiet and victorious advance of Christianity, whereby the spread of Christianity actually lies in the power of the victorious spirit, the victorious word. Christianity is spread, I would say, in the underground of social life at that time. We then have a second epoch in which the spread of Christianity takes away much of what is called peace from the earth. Christianity plays a very significant part in the strife of the second epoch. We then see the age in which the inner impulse of Christianity gradually dies out, in which Christianity becomes the state religion, which of course is a dying out of the real original Christian impulse. But then we have the epoch that must be understood as that of the fourth seal, where, in the manner I have described, Mohammedanism breaks in. And so, seal after seal is opened, and what then happens under the influence of the Crusades nevertheless happens under the influence of significant religious geniuses, which can be observed if one follows more closely what actually happened. In this respect, the entire historiography is actually a complete falsification of history.

[ 17 ] For you see, before the Crusades, all the spread of Christianity, I would say, happened for the good. And what happened again and again through countless members of the monastic order, even the things that were bad in the external sense, happened, as Christianity spread, up to the Crusades, in Europe, basically more or less in direct reference to the Palestinian narratives. The Gospels were not, however, read by the laity; they were the concern of the priests. But what happened at that time was entirely influenced by what the priests could see in the Gospel. The priesthood had the Gospel and the cult. The cult was that in which the supersensible world was reflected in a sensual way. The Mass, the sacrifice of the Mass itself, was for the priests the means by which they saw the direct gates to the supersensible. Therefore, they gradually turned away more and more from looking up to the revelation of the divine-spiritual through the starry sky and all the ancient wonderful prophecies that had remained in connection with what I called this morning — in contrast to today's astronomy and astrology — astrosophy, all these ancient mysteries were gradually almost completely veiled until the age of the Crusades.

[ 18 ] In the age of the Crusades, we suddenly see people appearing everywhere who are now also migrating from East to West, either those who are returning directly from the Crusades, or those who came a little later and in whom things had therefore taken root that were the secrets of the Orient. A wealth of writings from the East were brought to Europe, which later perished; this can be attributed to the fact that people did not watch over everything they had in writing with such eagle eyes as they do today. As a result, little remains of what was written. Much more has been spread through oral tradition in the spirit of a cosmic Christianity, and this took root precisely at the time of the Crusades.

[ 19 ] A kind of seventh seal is opened here. And one could say, as far as respect for the written word is concerned, just imagine: If it is true that an Italian professor has discovered the Livy manuscripts, what a storm is being made by the Italian state today, even though everything is still uncertain, in order to get hold of these Livy manuscripts. One does not need to go back very far in time to see that the state would have been completely indifferent as to whether this or that had been found. The interest in preserving written material is something that only arose later.

[ 20 ] I myself saw a successful example of this when I was at the Goethe-Schiller Archive. There we were given a letter from Goethe that looked strange: dirty, terribly torn. At the time I was in the Goethe-Schiller Archive, that was already a sin. You don't treat Goethe's letters like that. We investigated what was behind it. Lo and behold, the letter had once been in the possession of Kuno Fischer, who had simply given Goethe's letter to the printer, but had not copied it, instead sending the original letter with his notes and marginal comments to the printer. It is a miracle that the letter has survived at all, since manuscripts were not generally kept at that time.

[ 21 ] So it is not surprising that at the time when Christianity came into contact with Orientalism through the Crusades, truths spread in Christianity that we would today call Kabbalistic truths. And there were some who lived at that time who perhaps knew more than Jakob Böhme, without causing a stir, whereas in Jakob Böhme's time it caused a stir that there was someone like Jakob Böhme.

[ 22 ] It is the time of the Crusades — whereby we do not want to refer so much to the external events described in the history books as to what is going on in people's consciousness — it is the time of the Crusades, the age when the Seal Time is transformed into the Trumpet Time. Deeply sensitive natures have always felt this way about the period from the Crusades to the present day, saying: Oh, it is terrible what is going on in human souls under the sign of the trumpet sounds — when I look at it from a supersensible point of view. But people on earth do not listen to the trumpet sounds.

[ 23 ] Quite a lot of people should actually be aware of this, especially at this time, which we are now living through as the age of the sixth trumpet, whose essential characteristics and effects you are familiar with. One third of humanity, it is said (Rev. 9:15), will be killed. Of course, this will only happen over time. But “killing” here means the absence of the ego in those people who were already prepared beforehand by the locust figure.

[ 24 ] These are the things that compel the priest to look more deeply into the structure of what is actually happening. The priest is supposed to deal with the supersensible. We are surrounded by the supersensible in all directions. What can be observed in human beings, insofar as they have a physical body, is only a fragment of human life. As soon as we begin to penetrate the supersensible, we see the real deeds of human beings, and we see that they are often completely unaware of their consequences. Sometimes it is impossible to know what damage a person causes in the life of another when they pass them by without caring about them, even though it was actually their karma to behave in a certain way towards them in this earthly life. Later on, this karma will exert a greater compulsion, it will be balanced out, but actually it should have been balanced out in this life. One does not need to notice this in outer physical life. There is actually nothing wrong with the person concerned; from an outer, civilized point of view, they have done all their duties, but they may have done something in the context of world evolution that has caused terribly deep wounds. One cannot say that these are supernatural things, but rather supersensible things, for within the earthly realm the supersensible is constantly at work.

[ 25 ] You see, understanding the Apocalypse in this serious way will become a necessity to the extent that what I have called the etheric Christ becomes visible within humanity. Therefore, it is a very healthy feeling that has risen from the deepest subconscious, that you, my dear friends, wanted to make the Apocalypse the subject of these reflections. Perhaps you had imagined something different from what I can offer about the Apocalypse at this particular time, but your desire to hear my reflections on the Apocalypse was entirely in keeping with the mood of the times in your hearts. And one could already say: The fact that you felt the need to understand the Apocalypse, that you, as a priesthood that belongs together, are united in such tendencies, shows that you already have a certain kinship with the apocalyptic writer, with John. And so what is necessary for you above all else, this permeation with the spirit of the Apocalypse, will find no contradiction in the fact that certain epochs can be distinguished according to the principle of the number seven, that one can basically start anywhere with this and then find out how things go. One will not find the connections in world evolution at all if one does not apply the principle of number as a method of observation. You see, with this we have touched on the side of the Apocalypse that is particularly essential and fruitful for our time.

[ 26 ] Now we find other events scattered throughout the Apocalypse, usually in places where the number seven merges into others. Here we encounter something that requires a great deal of clarification. Just think about what we encounter in numbers: in a certain period of time, there are so many people who bear the seal of God on their foreheads, who thus belong to the fortunate ones who are, so to speak, saved or redeemed, or whatever you want to call it (Rev. 7:4-8); but the others cannot be redeemed at all. When one reads the Apocalypse in this way, it is something that can initially be somewhat depressing.

[ 27 ] However, it must be clearly understood that throughout ancient writings a distinction is made between the development of races and the individual development of human beings. It must be clearly understood that no individual in earlier times felt oppressed in any way when it was said that so many of one race would be saved and the others would perish. For no one counted themselves among them, because they thought realistically, in exactly the same way as today, when a person urges that their life be insured. In doing so, they calculate how long a person is likely to live. Insurance companies do not accept people who are likely to die soon, because if they insured only people who were going to die soon, their coffers would soon be empty. They want people who live long and pay in for a long time; Therefore, they have to use probability theory, which is a very interesting method of calculation, to calculate the probable life expectancy of the person to be insured from a wide variety of antecedents. I have never found that anyone felt obliged to die at the moment that the insurance company calculated as their probable death according to their certainly correct method. That doesn't happen; people don't feel obliged to die at that precise moment. And there is a reality underlying this. As soon as you get into the numbers, you lose sight of the level of spirituality at which human individuality stands.

[ 28 ] You see, when you say such things, you touch on a certain mystery, an occult secret. It is based on the belief that if you count one, two, three, four, five individualities and then apply this number to the spiritual, this counting must also have a meaning for the spiritual world. But it does not have the same meaning. The principle of number arises at the moment when the spiritual world breaks through and reveals itself, reveals itself for my sake in the Platonic world year or in the number of breaths and so on, wherever the spiritual world breaks through. So that when one ascends to spiritual consciousness, one needs numbers at the border, at the threshold into the spiritual world. You cannot proceed if you do not have the number or something similar to the number. But if you are over in the spiritual realm and want to do something with numbers, then nothing fits. Therefore, an occult writer such as the apocalypticist, when speaking of the racial development taking place on earth, may well say: So many are there, so many will be saved, and so many will perish — we will see next time what these numbers mean — but individual human individuality cannot feel affected by this, for these numbers refer to the development of the races, not to the individuality of human beings.

[ 29 ] I will discuss next time how this can be understood in more detail.