Lectures to Priests: The Apocalypse
GA 346
Dornach, 18 September 1924
Lecture XIV
I will try to answer your prepared questions during the course of this lecture. Except that I would like to answer some of them in a special session with the arch-rulers even if they were asked by others. This could be done in the next few days, and the answers could then be passed on.
I would especially like to draw your attention to a seal in the Apocalypse which is an Imagination of the Apocalypticer and which has often been depicted by artists in connection with the Apocalypse. One cannot always say that these pictorial renderings of what is in the Apocalypse are very felicitous. However, one can hardly fail to recognize the individual parts of the seal that is involved here and which will be realized in our time, as we saw yesterday, for they come to meet one in the Apocalypse in a quite characteristic way. However, in order to understand this seal, we will have to discuss something which goes parallel with it, which is very important for our time, and has already been touched upon in an Anthroposophical connection and which we find illuminated in a particular way at this point in the Apocalyptic discussion.
If one looks at the development of man and notices how he becomes a being who is split into three parts, as his consciousness makes the transition from the physical, sensory world to a perception of the spiritual world, as I described in my book How Does One Attain Knowledge of the Higher Worlds?,—if one looks at this one will say to oneself, a triad and a monad are united in men through the integration of these into the form of a physical being. This union is really quite obvious. One can see it if one studies the opinion about the division of the human being that is expressed in Anthroposophy.
Let's look at man and his spirit, soul and body. The way this division is related to the others that are given in Anthroposophy should be clear without further ado. Now, thoughts live in the spirit which man has today. These thoughts are like I the ones which I refer to in my Philosophy of Spiritual Activity, for instance, where one has pure thoughts that are freely created in man's consciousness, and not the kind that are permeated by sense perceptions. Here, thoughts are almost completely illusory from a qualitative viewpoint; they are a full reality to such a small extent that we don't have quite enough inner force because we don't have a mirror image, and so we can't quite, compare them with mirror images, and yet in a certain sense we can. The image that appears in a mirror doesn't unfold any forces along the directions of its lines, it is completely passive. Human thoughts have some force when they are developed, so that we can catch this force and we can permeate it with will—as I said yesterday in the esoteric class. But the ordinary thoughts that man has during his lifetime are really like mirror images in comparison with the universe's existence and its full content. So that although we hear spirit in our human being, it's a mirror image of the spirit.
What we bear within us there comes from a world which I called spiritland in my Theosophy. So when we think on earth we're really bringing the ingredients of the spiritland down to the earth as an illusory reflection. When we think we carry what Theosophy calls devachan down into the earth sphere, even though this is only a faint reflection of it. We bear these contents in us on earth; we bear a faint reflection of heavenly splendors in us.
If we pass on to the soul element we mainly find feeling there. It exists as feeling during the waking state, and as pictorial dreams while we're asleep. The only difference between dreams and feelings is that one is the content of the soul during the waking state and the other is its content during sleep. What we experience in our feelings as men on earth between birth and death comes from another world that I described from a certain viewpoint in my Theosophy. It comes from the soul world which we experience in its real form after death. Our feeling life is not a mirror image of this real form but an image of it which is maintained in our soul by creative elemental powers. We only dream of this soul world in our feelings and there is no reality in our image of it.
What constitutes men's bodies on earth today does not develop any consciousness of archetypes, but it contains the strongest realities of existence. We are real in our body, but we are only active in the physical, terrestrial world in it. Thus the three members of man's being belong to different worlds.
You must develop a correct view about these things, since you want to work upon the being of man, and therefore you must have something in your feelings that points to what exists in man's being. Quite good philosophers have failed to understand my division of man's being altogether. They have expressed one misunderstanding after another about it, which shows how difficult it is even for good thinkers of the present time to really get into Anthroposophy.
One philosopher spoke about this division of man as if it were an arbitrary one that had been made with the intellect and which amounted to a formal schematism. Of course one can also divide a table into legs, top, etc., even though the whole thing is made of wood. One could also divide it from left to right, but the division of the human being has nothing to do with such an arbitrary classification. One could put it like this: if one has real hydrogen and real oxygen and one combines them one gets water. They are realities and not just artificial schemata. Likewise, man's members are not separated in an arbitrary way; they are integrated into the reality of human nature, so that one can say that the spirit comes from spirit land, the soul from the soul world and the physical body from the physical world. These members of the human being come from three different worlds and they are integrated in man. And when man leaves the physical world with his consciousness, his inner elements split up, and the one becomes three. However, what happens in individual men in this way takes place in the whole of humanity throughout its various racial and national evolutions, although not everyone has to participate in it. One can say that the evolving humanity which is present in the sub-consciousness of every single human being and which doesn't become noticeable to ordinary consciousness, goes through stages of development that are similar to the ones individual men go through.
Something like a splitting into three and a crossing of the threshold by mankind is taking place in our time. In our consciousness age individual men have to acquire something which constitutes a going past' the Guardian of the Threshold, if they want to do it. However, mankind is going past the Guardian of the Threshold in our time, although, individual men are unaware of this. The whole of humanity is crossing the threshold. Whereas the physical body still gave something to men on earth up to the end of the 18th century because of the elemental beings which are living in it, men must now get their virtues and everything productive that they will find inwardly from the spiritual world; this is mankind as a whole, not individual human beings. So that a crossing of the threshold is occurring in the evolution of mankind as a whole, which appears to the Apocalypticer before he has his vision of the sun-illuminated woman with the dragon under her feet, because it actually precedes it in time. Here the Apocalypticer has another vision that clearly reflects what he wants to say: The time is coming when the whole of humanity, or at least its civilized parts will have to cross the threshold. And a triad appears which is the cosmic Imagination of what mankind is going through. There will be ever more men who will have the feeling: My thoughts want to run away from me, and my feet are being pulled down by the earth's gravity; this is in addition to other feelings that men can develop when these things become more pathological. Many people today have the strong feeling that their thoughts are running away from them and that their feet are being pulled down to the earth too much. Except that our present-day civilization talks people out of something like this, just as children are talked out of visions they have which are nevertheless based on a real foundation.
However, what lives strongly in our time appears before the clairvoyant eye of the Apocalypticer as a figure that forms out of the clouds, has a face like a sun, goes over into a rainbow, and has fiery feet, of which one is planted on the ocean and the other on the earth. One could say that this is really the most significant vision that the present-day human soul should look at. For the thoughts that belong to spirit land are in the face which is born out of the clouds above. The rainbow is the feeling world in man's soul which belongs to the soul world. What is contained in the bodies of men who belong to the physical world is in the fiery feet that get their strength from the power of the earth Which is covered by the ocean.
One could say that this points to a real cultural secret of the present, which is that there are three kinds of men, and not that each man is split into three parts. One can see this very clearly today. We have cloud men who can only think, whereas the two other parts—rainbow and fiery feet—remain stunted. We have rainbow men where the main development is in the feelings. They can only grasp Anthroposophy with their feelings and not with their minds. However, this type is also present in the outside world and not just in the Anthroposophical Society. They can only grasp the world with their feelings. These people's feelings are well developed but their thinking and will are stunted. Then there are people today who act as if they only had a hypertrophically developed will; their thinking and feeling are stunted; they charge like bulls and act in accordance with direct, outer impulses,—they're the fiery footed men.
The vision of John the Apocalypticer depicts these three kinds of men which we meet in life. We should become aware of this secret of our present-day civilization so that we can look at human beings in the right way. One can also discover them if one looks at larger world events.
Just look at what is, happening in Russia. We have the influence of the cloud man, of the man who mainly thinks, in whom feeling and will are neglected. They would like to surrender their will to a social mechanism, and their feelings are used by Ahrimanic powers because they don't have any control over them. They are thinkers, but since man on earth is organized in an Ahrimanic and Luciferic way, their thinking is like - - I will use an analogy that will seem like a perfectly natural one to anyone who knows spiritual science; it will only scare such people away who haven't worked their way into this kind of thing yet. If one takes the thoughts of Lenin and the others and one looks at these thoughts, that is, if one tries to imagine what the combined thoughts of Lenin, Trotsky, Lunacharski, etc., looks like, if one imagines what is growling and raging in the heads of leading Russians today, one gets what one calls a system of forces in physics. If one was a gigantic elemental spirit one could form clouds and arouse thunder and lightning up in the sky over a large territory with these forces. But they don't belong on earth. This image might surprise you, but anyone who can look into the occult depths of existence must say that the same forces that weave and live in the heads of leading Russians are also in the lightning that is formed in the clouds over our heads and that they flash the lightning down to the earth and roll the thunders. This is where these forces belong. Their action in leading Bolsheviks is out of place.
So you see that the Apocalypticer clearly foresaw many things that are present in our time. And he knew that such an epochal period of time can be indicated with a number. I myself have indicated the approximate number of years which the development of the consciousness soul, intellectual or mind soul, etc., covers. I said that such a period lasts one twelfth of 25.920 years.
Now the place in the Apocalypse to which I'm referring gave me quite a bit of trouble for a while. For the Apocalypticer supposedly prophesies about things that will take one thousand two hundred and threescore days. They used to speak of days when they meant years. Anyway, the Apocalypticer mentions the number 1260. It took a lot of intensive research to discover that the 1260 days is really a printing error, as it were, in the Apocalypse that was handed down. It should say 2160 days. Then it agrees with what one can see today. It's quite possible that an un-clarity arose in some school where the things were handed down, because many numbers look like their mirror images to seers. However, this is something that is not too important when one feels one's way into the Apocalypse.
Now the people who stand within their race in such a way that they're really cloud men are confronted by others who are rainbow men. Their thinking is relatively inactive, they mainly like to use traditional thoughts and they are rather timid about approaching the spiritual world with their thoughts. One meets a large number of such rainbow men in central European regions.
Thinking and feeling get increasingly stunted the further we go west, where we find a pathological development of fiery footed men. One finds large numbers of such fiery footed human beings in the western part of Europe and presumably in America. So that we can divide the earth along these lines: In the east there are many cloud men, in the center many rainbow men, and in the west many fiery footed men.
If we take racial developments into account, one could say that something like a picture of the figure which we encounter here in the Apocalypticer is spread out over the earth, if one looks at it, spiritually from outside. One can't do this in a balloon or airplane, but if one would raise oneself up spiritually into the heights from a point in Westphalen and would look down at the earth, Asia would have a kind of a cloud form face with solar shapes, and one would see rainbow colors spread out over Europe, and further over would be the fiery feet, with one planted on the Andes in South America and the other in the Pacific Ocean. And then one has the earth underneath this image.
This is one of the most incisive prophecies that the Apocalypticer has for our time. This is something that is very important for priestly activities, for the great riddle of our time that developed with Napoleon consists of this. This striving of men into races and nations that has come to expression so incomprehensibly throúgh Wilsonianism today really only arose in a distinct way under the influence of Napoleonism, of the first Napoleon. The way that men are striving towards races and nations and the way that they basically want to bury all cosmopolitanism today is really quite terrible. But the reason for this is that this passage through the threshold, place is occurring.
Just as a human being splits up in the spiritual world when he develops further, so men on earth split up into regions that individual human beings remain unaware of, namely, into cloud men, rainbow men and fiery footed men. This splitting of men into three parts—which I described for individuals in How Does One Attain Knowledge of the Higher Worlds?, has occurred for humanity on earth; it's here. The powerful sign which the Apocalypticer sketches is there in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. People cannot find the harmony between the three parts at first, and so they look for things in the split rather than in the union; which sometimes leads to rather strange results.
For instance, through this whole external way of thinking that takes hold of people, one can see that people don't find their way together with inner understanding, that is, they often unite for superficial reasons. For instance, we can see that the Czechs whose land is between the Krusnehory and Fichtel mountains, the Bohemian Forest and down to the Morave River and over to Bratislava (formerly Pressburg), and up to the Ceskyles and Sumava Mountains as the southern boundary,—that these Czechs are cloud people in the most eminent sense of the word, who have only developed their thinking. They were welded together with the Slovaks in a way that shows a lack of inner understanding, for the Slovaks are definitely a rainbow people who are not the thinking type at all. On the other hand, we see that another quite external relationship which had been formed shortly before is dissolved. All of these human, earthly activities are not very sensible, because they want to exclude the spirit.
We see that the whole of Slovakia was recently separated from Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, which is the territory which I just indicated. We see that all of this Slovakia was previously united with Magyar country and with real Magyars. You must distinguish the real Magyars from the immigrated ones, and you can do this just by looking at their names. A real Magyar has a name one can't even pronounce in the west, especially if he's an older type. But he's called Hirschfeld, if he's one of those agitative and screaming Magyars of today. One has to go back to the genuine Magyars who are all fiery-footed men, and they were briefly welded together with the rainbow Slovaks. The non-spirit in the world today throws the dice in such a way that the Slovaks are first thrown together with the Magyars and then with the Czechs.
That is the way the dice are being thrown in general today. This comes to expression in deeper symptoms, such as the fact that a really significant person like Masaryk who is standing at the helm in the Czechoslovakian Republic, is a Slovak, and not a Czech. Anyone who knows Masaryk knows that he is a rainbow man who can't think at all. If you read his books you will see that our age is speaking in them. He is a rainbow man, a real Slovak.
One has to be able to look at contemporary human beings in accordance with these categories in order to see the kind of crap game that is being played, although of course this is based on world karma. Here we must look at the age—which is really ours—which can say of itself that it is entering ever more into men's consciousness and into the consciousness soul. People previously saw the starry script written outside; they saw the contents of old traditions and old wisdom written outside. There is a kind of a memory of this man who is split into three in ancient books. Everything which the wise men proclaimed about the world in the mystery centers in Macedonia, Greece, Ephesus, Samothrace, Delphi and in other places in Asia Minor and elsewhere is the book which is preserved from ancient times, which is in the hand of the angel whose face is fashioned out of clouds, his chest out of a rainbow, and his feet out of fire, and he stands firmly in America with the rest of his body spread out over Europe and Asia. However, as consciousness men we can only keep this active and alive for ourselves if we have to look within ourselves for the source which enables us to learn how to see spiritual things. We must devour the book, which could previously only be brought from outside, and bring it into ourselves. This book which contains the world's secrets is sweet in the mouths of some people at first. People like to come to things which can give them spiritual views; so that they taste like honey to them. But as soon as one has to fulfill the exacting conditions in life which are connected with a spiritual comprehension of the world then what the Apocalypticer says is sweet as honey becomes a stomach ache, especially to the people who have become so materialistic today. These people find that the digestion of the spiritual nourishment that is so necessary for them is painful.
If we look at this, we have to admit that all of this dice throwing and confusion indicates that a force which can measure everything in a new way must come from the spiritual power that can be seen in threefold man. A reed, or really a measuring rod, is sent down from heaven, with which everything is to be measured in a new way. Just look at our time. Doesn't everything have to be measured anew? Shouldn't we add something like a cloud shape to that abstract Asian shape that we find on our maps, rainbow colors to Europe and fiery feet to the Americas? Don't we have to measure everything anew from the viewpoint of the spiritual life? After all, we're right m the midst of what the Apocalypse is showing us here.
If we grasp what we must stand in in a fully conscious way, we will get away from the layman's attitude that is often present in the depths of our sub-consciousness today and we will acquire a non-rationalistic grasp of the tasks of our time through what is to be a new priesthood. This is something that should be said in connection with this particular chapter of the Apocalypse. The things agree in every detail. Vie will have more to say about racial and individual evolution tomorrow.
Vierzehnter Vortrag
Die folgenden Fragen wurden Rudolf Steiner am 18. September 1924 vor dem Vortrag in schriftlicher Form übergeben.
In Handschrift von Johannes Werner Klein:
Der Quell mancher Schwierigkeiten, die im Kreise sich gelegentlich bemerkbar machen, ist unsere Unklarheit über die spirituellen Aufgaben und Hintergründe der sieben Ämter, damit zusammenhängend über die irdische Führung unserer Bewegung.
Als Sonderfragen über den Fortgang der gesamten Arbeit beschäftigen uns jetzt besonders:
1.ob wir gut daran tun, weiterhin den Schwerpunkt auf das extensive Element zu legen, oder ob es im Interesse der besseren Vorbereitung auf die zukünftigen Aufgaben richtig ist, dem Bedürfnis nach intensiver Vertiefung unserer eigenen Persönlichkeiten in erster Linie eine Zeitlang zu folgen. - Diese Frage wird uns nahe gelegt durch den Abbau der physischen und seelischen Kräfte mancher im Kreise seit Herbst 1922, der uns zu Sorgen Anlaß gibt;
2. welche Wege wir einzuschlagen haben zur Begründung geistiger Kolonien in anderen Ländern;
3.wie wir in den Gemeinden die Mitgliedschaft und im Zusammenhang damit die Austeilung der Kommunion handhaben müssen. Bis jetzt haben die meisten in diesem Punkte sehr freie Formen gehandhabt. An der allsonntäglich stattfindenden Gemeindekommunion haben in manchen Städten alle Anwesenden teilnehmen können.
Wir haben uns in den Zusammenkünften der letzten Wochen viel beschäftigt mit den karmischen Bedingungen, die den einzelnen in den Kreis führten, um uns gegenseitig in unserer karmischen Differenziertheit und den Kreis als ganzen in seinem Aufgabenumfang zu erkennen. Durch die Offenbarungen Ihrer Vorträge stehen wir erneut vor der Frage der Wesenheit und karmischen Gliederung unseres Kreises.
Im Zusammenhang damit steht vor uns die Frage nach dem Karma der bisherigen christlichen Kirchen und des Hereinspielens dieses Karmas durch einzelne Persönlichkeiten in unseren Kreis.
Im apokalyptischen Teil des Evangeliums (Markus 13,20) steht der Satz: Unis so der Herr diese Tage nicht verkürzt hätte, würde kein Mensch selig; aber um der Auserwählten willen, die er auserwählet hat, hat er diese Tage (der Wehen) verkürzt.» — Wie ist dieser Satz zu verstehen im Hinblick auf die kommenden Zeitereignisse, etwa des Krieges aller gegen alle? Dies sind die Fragen, die den ganzen Kreis bewegen. Wir bitten aber wegen einiger auf diese Fragen bezüglicher Dinge, sowie wegen der Städtefragen und weniger, ganz kurzer Anliegen um die Möglichkeit, als Kreis der sieben Oberlenker und Lenker vor Sie einmal hintreten zu dürfen.
I. A. Joh. Werner Klein
In Handschrift von Friedrich Doldinger:
1. In der Katholischen Kirche werden bei der Weihe des Kirchenraums vom Bischof die Buchstaben in die Asche auf den Boden gezeichnet. Ist ein entsprechendes Ritual zur Weihe einer Kirche bei uns nötig? Von wem (Lenker?) würde es vollzogen werden müssen? (praktisch für Eröffnung eines nur Weihezwecken dienenden eigenen Raumes in Freiburg i. Br. zu Michaeli).
2. Verwendung von Kerzen zu Casualien. Kann der brennende siebenarmige Leuchter außerhalb der Menschenweihehandlung überhaupt verwender werden, etwa wenn z. B. nahe beim Altar eine Taufe o. a. stattfindet?
Beim ersten Dornacher Kurs, wo das Brevier gegeben wurde, waren viele, die dann nicht Priester wurden. Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß wohl hauptsächlich durch diese Persönlichkeiten, aber auch durch zunächst unklare Auffassungen in unserem Kreise, das Brevier an Menschen kam, die nie daran denken, Priester zu werden, zum Teil uns sogar praktische Schwierigkeiten bereiten in der Arbeit. Einige dieser Persönlichkeiten, die das Brevier als «liebevolles Geschenk» erhalten hatten und nicht wußten, daß es Meditationen für Priester sind, haben es nach Bekanntgabe des Sachverhaltes sogleich abgegeben. Der Priesterkreis möchte nun an alle, welche das Brevier besitzen, ohne die Angelobung geleistet zu haben, herantreten mit der Bitte um Aushändigung. Es herrschen aber im Kreise zum Teil noch Unklarheiten darüber, ob das bei allen unrechtmäßigen Besitzern, z. B. den Ehefrauen, möglich ist. - Beinahe alle von uns glauben sich aber darüber klar zu sein, daß nur durch eine radikale ausnahmslose Aufrollung des unrechtmäßigen Brevierbesitzes die notwendige Sauberkeit in dieser Sache erreicht werden kann, da ja das Brevier klar und deutlich nur für solche gegeben war, die sich unmittelbar zu priesterlichem Wirken vorbereiten.
Die Tatsache der unsachlichen Verbreitung des Breviers beunruhigt viele von uns. Vor allem ist - im Zusimmenliang der Handhabung der Klassensprüche — die Frage entstanden, ob nicht das Brevier durch die Art der Verbreitung unwirksam geworden sei oder ob durch eine nunmehr erfolgende Einziehung der wünschenswerte Zustand noch hergestellt werden kann.
[ 1 ] Meine lieben Freunde! Die an mich gestellten Fragen werde ich auch neben dem anderen zu beantworten suchen. Nur sind einzelne Fragen darunter, die ich, auch wenn sie von anderen gestellt worden sind, im engsten Kreise der Oberlenker beantworten möchte. Das kann in den nächsten Tagen noch geschehen, und diese Antworten können weitergegeben werden.
[ 2 ] Vor allem möchte ich Sie heute hinweisen auf ein Bild der Apokalypse, das eine Imagination des Apokalyptikers darstellt, wie sie vielfach in jene Bilddarstellungen übergegangen sind, welche im Anschluß an die Apokalypse entstanden sind. Man kann nicht immer sagen, daß diese Bilddarstellungen, die im Anschluß an die Apokalypse entstanden sind, so glücklich seien, aber bei diesem Bild, um das es sich hier handelt - und das hereinfällt nach den gestrigen Auseinandersetzungen gerade in unsere Zeit in seiner Realisation -, konnte man kaum die einzelnen Teile verkennen, weil sie einem ja durchaus charakteristisch in der Apokalypse entgegentreten. Aber um dieses Bild zu erfassen, ist es notwendig, daß wir eine gewisse parallele Sache gerade hier besprechen, die für unsere Zeit wichtig ist und die in anthroposophischen Zusammenhängen auch schon berührt worden ist, die aber hier an dieser Stelle unserer Besprechung der Apokalypse eine besondere Beleuchtung finden kann.
[ 3 ] Wenn wir die Entwickelung des Menschen ins Auge fassen und dabei darauf achten, wie der Mensch beim Übergang seines Bewußtseins aus der physisch-sinnlichen Welt in das Anschauen der geistigen Welt eigentlich zunächst ein dreigespaltenes Wesen wird - in der Art, wie ich es in den Kapiteln über den Hüter der Schwelle in meinem Buche «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?» geschildert habe -, wird man sich sagen: Im Menschenwesen ist in der Form des physischen Wesens gerade eine Dreiheit und eine Einheit zusammengefaßt, und diese Zusammenfassung ist im Grunde genommen eine ganz deutliche. Es wird das deutlich, wenn man die Darstellung verfolgt, die bei der Gliederung des Menschen innerhalb der Anthroposophie ausgesprochen wird. Nehmen wir da den Menschen nach Geist, Seele, Leib. Wie sich diese Gliederung verhält zur anderen, die gegeben wird in der Anthroposophie, das wird ja ohne weiteres klar sein.
[ 4 ] Nun, im Geiste, wie ihn der Mensch heute hat, leben ja die Gedanken, die Gedanken, wie ich sie darstelle etwa in meiner «Philosophie der Freiheit», wo sie eben nicht mit Sinnesanschauungen durchtränkt sind, sondern frei geschaffene, reine Gedanken im menschlichen Bewußtsein sind. Da sind die Gedanken ihrer Qualität nach zunächst nur ein Schein, sie sind so wenig eine volle Realität, daß sie nicht eine innere Kraft haben. Weil wir das Spiegelbild nicht haben, können wir sie, nicht ganz, aber in einem gewissen Sinne doch, mit Spiegelbildern vergleichen. Das Bild, das im Spiegel erscheint, hat in der Richtung seiner Linien nicht Kraftentfaltung, es ist ganz passiv. Die menschlichen Gedanken haben in ihrer Entfaltung Kraft, so daß wir diese Kraft, so wie ich es gestern in der esoterischen Stunde gesagt habe, auch auffangen und willensdurchtränkt machen können. Aber zum Weltall in seinem vollinhaltlichen Sein verhalten sich diese Gedanken, die der Mensch im Leben hat, eigentlich wie Spiegelbilder, so daß wir schon im Menschenwesen zwar den Geist tragen, aber den Geist im Spiegelbild.
[ 5 ] Nun, meine lieben Freunde, das, was wir da in uns tragen, das stammt aus der Welt, die ich in meiner «Theosophie» beschrieben habe als Geisterland, und wir bringen eigentlich, indem wir auf Erden denken, die Ingredienzien des Geisterlandes im Schein, im Abglanz herunter auf die Erde. Wir tragen das, was die Theosophie das Devachan nennt, in das Erdgebiet herunter, indem wir denken, wenn das auch ein schwacher Abglanz ist. Wir tragen diese Inhalte auf Erden in uns, in schwachem Abglanze den Schein des Himmels.
[ 6 ] Gehen wir über zum Seelischen, so lebt hier vorzugsweise das Gefühl. Als Gefühl lebt es im Wachzustande, in der Bildhaftigkeit der Träume lebt es im Schlafzustande. Träume und Gefühle unterscheiden sich nur dadurch, daß die Gefühle Seeleninhalt des Wachzustandes, die Träume Seeleninhalt des Schlafzustandes sind. Das, was wir als Erdenmenschen zwischen Geburt und Tod erleben in unseren Gefühlen, das stammt wiederum aus einer anderen Welt — die ich in meiner «Theosophie» beschrieben habe -, aus der Seelenwelt, die wir nach dem Tode in ihrer wirklichen Gestalt durchleben. Und zu dieser wirklichen Gestalt der Seelenwelt, die dann vor uns tritt - ich habe das geschildert nach einem gewissen Punkte hin in der «Theosophie» -, verhält sich unsere Gefühlswelt - die von uns nur geträumt wird, denn wir träumen nur diese Seelenwelt in unseren Gefühlen - eben nicht wie ein Spiegelbild, aber wie ein von den schöpferischen Elementarmächten in der Seele gehaltenes Bild. Die Wirklichkeit ist da noch nicht drinnen.
[ 7 ] Was unser Leib entwickelt, so wie wir nun als Erdenmenschen sind, ist kein Urbilderbewußtsein, aber er trägt die stärksten Realitäten des Seins in sich. In unserem Leib sind wir wirklich tätig, aber nur in der physischen Erdenwelt. So gehören die drei Glieder unserer menschlichen Wesenheit verschiedenen Welten an. Und Sie, meine lieben Freunde, indem Sie ja doch wirken wollen auf das Wesen des Menschen, werden daher in Ihrem Gefühl haben müssen eine Hindeutung auf das, was im Wesen des Menschen liegt. Sie müssen über diese Dinge eine richtige Anschauung entwickeln.
[ 8 ] Mir sind Mißverständnisse über Mißverständnisse gerade in bezug auf diese Gliederung von ganz guten Philosophen entgegengebracht worden, Mißverständnisse über Mißverständnisse, die zeigen, wie schwierig es selbst ganz gut denken könnenden Menschen der Gegenwart ist, in die Anthroposophie richtig einzudringen. So faßte ein Philosoph in einer Besprechung die Gliederung des Menschen so auf, als ob sie eine beliebige Einteilung wäre, die mit dem Verstande gemacht sei und die einen bloßen Formalismus bedeuten würde. Natürlich, man kann auch einen Tisch einteilen in Platte, Füße und so weiter, aber der ganze Tisch ist aus Holz, oder man könnte ihn auch von links nach rechts einteilen. Aber mit einer solchen willkürlichen Einteilung hat man es bei der Gliederung des Menschen nicht zu tun, sondern, sagen wir es so: Man hat Wasserstoff in der Wirklichkeit und Sauerstoff in der Wirklichkeit, zusammen geben sie Wasser; sie sind Realitäten, nicht nur künstliche Schemata. So sind auch die Glieder der menschlichen Wesenheit nicht willkürlich gegliedert, sondern sie sind so in der Realität der Menschennatur aufgegangen, daß man sagen kann: Der Geist stammt aus dem Geisterland, die Seele aus der Seelenwelt, der physische Leib aus der physischen Welt; diese Glieder des Menschen kommen aus drei verschiedenen Welten her und sind im Menschen miteinander verbunden. Und indem der Mensch mit dem Bewußtsein aus der physischen Welt herausgeht, spaltet sich sein Inneres, er wird drei aus eins.
[ 9 ] Dasjenige, was so mit dem einzelnen Menschen vorgeht, ohne daß der einzelne Mensch als Individuum daran Anteil nehmen müßte, geht auch mit der ganzen Menschheit vor sich durch ihre verschiedenen Rassen- und Volksentwickelungen. Wir können sagen: Die sich entwickelnde Menschheit, die lebt ja in dem Unterbewußtsein jedes einzelnen Menschen, aber das steigt eben nicht in das gewöhnliche Bewußtsein herauf, und sie macht ähnliche Etappen ihrer Entwickelung durch wie der einzelne Mensch. Und eben jetzt in unserem Zeitalter wird im Entwickelungsgang der Menschheit so etwas durchgemacht wie der Übergang über die Schwelle und die Spaltung in drei. Dasjenige, was für den einzelnen Menschen das Vorbeigehen an dem Hüter der Schwelle ist, das muß der Mensch im Bewußtseinsseelenzeitalter sich aneignen, wenn er es haben will. Die Menschheit aber geht, für den einzelnen unbewußt für unser Zeitalter, an dem Hüter der Schwelle vorbei. Die ganze Menschheit macht das durch, was der Übergang über die Schwelle ist. Während die physische Leiblichkeit bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts herauf noch immer durch die ihr innewohnenden elementarischen Wesen dem Menschen etwas gegeben hat auf Erden, muß der Mensch in der Zukunft alles das, was er produktiv innerlich finden wird, auch seine Tugenden, aus der geistigen Welt herausholen, nicht als einzelner Mensch, sondern als Menschheit. So daß ein Schwellendurchgang vorliegt in der Entwickelung der ganzen Menschheit, der, weil er auch der Zeit nach davor liegt, dem Apokalyptiker erscheint, bevor ihm die Vision sich vor Augen stellt von dem sonnenbekleideten Weibe, das den Drachen unter ihren Füßen hat. Da hat er die andere Vision, jene Vision, welche deutlich wiedergibt, daß der Apokalyptiker sagen will: Die Zeit kommt, wo die ganze Menschheit in ihrem zivilisierten Teile über die Schwelle zu treten hat, wo eine Dreiheit erscheint als die kosmische Imagination desjenigen, was die Menschheit durchmacht. Immer mehr Menschen wird es geben, die neben dem Gefühl, das der Mensch entwickeln kann, wenn das Gesunde an das Pathologische angrenzt, die andere Empfindung haben werden: Meine Gedanken wollen mir davonlaufen, meine Füße werden durch die Erdenschwere nach unten gezogen. — Es gibt in der Gegenwart viele Menschen, die eigentlich dieses Gefühl sehr stark haben, ihre Gedanken fliegen ihnen davon, ihre Füße werden von der Erde übermäßig angezogen. Nur wird so etwas durch unsere heutige Zivilisation dem Menschen ebenso ausgeredet, wie es den Kindern ausgeredet wird, wenn sie irgendwelche Visionen haben, die auf realer Grundlage beruhen.
[ 10 ] Dasjenige aber, was in unserer Zeit stark lebt, erscheint vor dem hellseherischen Auge des Apokalyptikers als jene Figur, die sich aus Wolken herausbildet, sonnenähnliches Gesicht hat, in einen Regenbogen übergeht, und feurige Füße hat, von denen der eine auf dem Meer, der andere auf der Erde steht (Apk. 10, 1 u. 2). Man möchte sagen, das ist in der Tat die bedeutsamste Erscheinung, die sich die gegenwärtige Menschenseele vor Augen stellen soll. Denn in dem, was oben wolkengeborenes Antlitz ist, liegen die Gedanken, die dem Geisterlande angehören; in dem, was Regenbogen ist, liegt die Gefühlswelt der Menschenseele, die der Seelenwelt angehört; in den feurigen Füßen, die aus der Kraft der meerüberdeckten Erde heraus ihre Kraft erhielten, liegt das, was im Leibe des Menschen enthalten ist, der mit der physischen Welt zusammengehört.
[ 11 ] Wir werden da, ich möchte sagen, auf das eigentliche Kulturgeheimnis der Gegenwart hingewiesen, das sich ja zunächst so äußert, daß die Menschen nicht gleich dreigespalten erscheinen, sondern so erscheinen - was ja in unserer jetzigen Zeit nun mit Händen zu greifen ist —, daß wir Wolkenmenschen haben, die nur denken können, während verkümmert sind die beiden anderen Teile: Regenbogen und Feuerfüße, daß wir Regenbogenmenschen haben, bei denen vorzugsweise das Gefühl ausgebildet ist, die auch zum Beispiel die Anthroposophie nur mit dem Gefühl erfassen können, nicht mit dem Verstande. Aber sie sind nicht nur in der anthroposophischen Gesellschaft, sondern auch draußen in der Welt vorhanden. Diese Menschen können die Welt nur mit dem Gefühl erfassen; bei ihnen ist verkümmert Denken und Wille, aber das Gefühl ist besonders ausgebildet. Dann gibt es heute Menschen, die eigentlich so handeln, wie wenn sie bloß den Willen hypertrophiert ausgebildet hätten. Verkümmert ist ihr Denken und Gefühl: Stiermäßig handelnde Menschen, nur den unmittelbar äußeren Impulsen hingegeben - die feuerfüßigen Menschen.
[ 12 ] Und die Vision Johannes des Apokalyptikers stellt schon auch diese drei Arten von Menschen dar, die wir antreffen im Leben. Wir müssen uns mit diesem Geheimnis gerade der heutigen Zivilisationsepoche schon bekanntmachen, damit wir in der richtigen Art die Menschen betrachten. Dies kommt ja übrigens auch heraus, wenn man die großen Weltereignisse anschaut.
[ 13 ] Sehen Sie einmal hin auf alles dasjenige, was jetzt in Rußland geschieht. Wir haben den Einfluß der Wolkenmenschen, der vorzugsweise denkenden Menschen, bei denen Gefühl und Wille verkümmert sind. Den Willen möchten sie übergeben dem sozialen Mechanismus, das Fühlen wird von ahrimanischen Mächten in Anspruch genommen, weil die Menschen es nicht selber in der Hand haben. Denker sind sie, aber weil der Erdenmensch durchaus ahrimanisch und luziferisch gestaltet ist, ist ihr Denken so, daß man sagen kann - ich werde ein Bild gebrauchen, das jedem als ein durchaus selbstverständliches Bild erscheint, der Geisteswissenschaft kennt; abschrecken wird es nur den, der sich erst hineinleben muß in solche Sachen -: Wenn man die Gedanken von Lenin und den anderen nimmt und betrachtet diese Gedanken als ein Bild, wie sieht dasjenige aus, was ein Zusammenfluß der Gedanken Lenins, Trotzkis, Lunatscharskis und so weiter ist? Stellt man sich eine Welt aus diesen Gedanken vor, so bekommt man dasjenige, was man in der Physik ein Kraftsystem, ein System von Kräften nennt. Ja, meine lieben Freunde, mit diesen Kräften könnte man, wenn man ein Elementarriesengeist wäre, über eine weite Gegend hinaus Wolken formen, Donner und Blitze erregen, wenn man die Kräfte eben in Wolkenregionen betrachtet. Aber sie gehören nicht auf die Erde. Es ist ein Bild, das Sie vielleicht überraschen wird, aber derjenige, der in die okkulten Hintergründe des Daseins hineinsieht, muß das sagen. In den Köpfen der führenden Russen weben und leben dieselben Kräfte, die im Blitz sind, die in den Wolken geformt werden über unseren Köpfen und die zur Erde die Blitze niederstrahlen, die Donner rollen. Dahinein gehören diese Kräfte, sie wirken deplaziert in den führenden Menschen des Bolschewismus.
[ 14 ] Sehen Sie, da haben Sie dasjenige, was in bezug auf vieles, was in unserer Zeit da ist, dem Apokalyptiker vorausschauend ganz klar ist. Und er wußte, solch ein epochaler Abschnitt, der umfaßt ja immer eine Zeit, die man auch schon nach der Zahl angeben kann. Ich habe ja selbst, meine lieben Freunde, eine bestimmte Anzahl von Jahren approximativ angegeben für denjenigen Zeitraum, der etwa so etwas umfaßt wie die Bewußtseinsseelenentwickelung, die Gemüts- oder Verstandesseelenentwickelung. Ich habe es angegeben als den zwölften Teil von 25 920 Jahren, die entsprechen einem solchen Abschnitt.
[ 15 ] Nun, es war wirklich für mich lange Zeit eine außerordentlich beschwerliche Crux, gerade an der Stelle mit der Apokalypse zurechtzukommen, von der ich jetzt spreche. Denn da wird von dem Apokalyptiker angegeben, daß er weissagt: 1260 Tage. In Tagen spricht man oft, wenn eigentlich Jahre gemeint sind. Aber wie kommen wir da beim Apokalyptiker auf die Zahl 1260? Es bedurfte schon eingehender Forschung, um dahinter zu kommen, daß diese 1260 Tage (Apk. 11, 3 und 12, 6) - verzeihen Sie den trivialen Ausdruck - ein wirklicher Druckfehler in den Überlieferungen der Apokalypse sind. An der Stelle soll es heißen «2160 Tage», dann stimmt es mit dem, was man auch heute sehen kann. Es ist sehr leicht möglich, daß irgend einmal in einer Schule, wo die Überlieferung besorgt worden ist, gerade weil man sehr viele Zahlen beim Schauen in Spiegelbildern sieht, eine Undeutlichkeit entstanden ist. Das ist aber erwas, was beim tieferen Hineinleben in die Apokalypse weniger in Betracht kommt,
[ 16 ] Diejenigen Menschen nun, die so innerhalb der Rasse dastehen, daß sie eigentlich Wolkenmenschen sind, denen stehen wiederum die anderen gegenüber, die Regenbogenmenschen sind. Bei ihnen ist das Denken verkümmert, sie leben mit traditionellen Gedanken am liebsten, sie haben eine gewisse Scheu, mit den Gedanken an die geistige Welt heranzugehen. Zahlreiche Menschen gerade in mitteleuropäischen Gegenden treten uns als solche Regenbogenmenschen entgegen.
[ 17 ] Je weiter wir nach Westen gehen, desto mehr verkümmert ist eigentlich Denken und Fühlen und wir kommen zu krankhaften Ausbildungen der feuerfüßigen Menschen. Solche feuerfüßige Menschen sind gerade in den westlichen Gegenden Europas und vermutlich in Amerika zahlreich zu finden, so daß wir nach dieser Richtung auch die Erde gliedern können: Im Osten gibt es viele Wolkenmenschen, in der Mitte viele Regenbogenmenschen, im Westen viele feuerfüßige Menschen. Und man könnte sagen: Ausgebreitet ist über die Erde, wenn man sie geistig von außen ansieht, etwas wie ein Bild gerade der Gestalt, die uns hier beim Apokalyptiker entgegentritt, wenn wir die Rassenentwickelung in Betracht ziehen. Würden wir uns etwa von der Erde erheben geistig, man kann das nicht im Luftballon oder im Luftschiff machen -, würde man sich geistig erheben vielleicht von einem Punkte aus, der in Westfalen liegt, in die Höhe hinauf und würde zurückschauen auf die Erde, so würde Asien eine Art wolkenähnliches, Sonnenformen annehmendes Gesicht haben; über Europa würde man Regenbogenfarben ausgebreitet sehen, und weiter hinüber nach Westen Feuerfüße, von denen der eine im Stillen Ozean steht, der andere auf den südamerikanischen Anden. Und man würde die Erde selber unter diesem Bild bekommen.
[ 18 ] Sehen Sie, meine lieben Freunde, diese für unsere Zeit tief einschneidendsten Weissagungen des Apokalyptikers sind etwas, was für das Priesterwirken außerordentlich wichtig ist, denn darin besteht ja gerade dieses große Rätsel unserer Zeit, das sich herausgebildet hat seit Napoleon. Unter dem Einfluß des Napoleonismus, des ersten Napoleon, entstand ja erst eigentlich mit voller Deutlichkeit dieses Streben der Menschen in die Rasse, in die Nation hinein, das heute in einer so unverständigen Weise durch den Wilsonianismus zum Ausdruck gekommen ist. Das ist ja etwas ganz Furchtbares, wie heute die Menschen hineinstreben in Rassen und Völker und wie sie allen Kosmopolitismus im Grunde begraben wollen. Das kommt aber daher, daß dieser Durchgang durch den Schwellenort eben vorliegt. Und wie sich der Mensch bei seiner Entwickelung in die geistige Welt spaltet, so spalten sich in Regionen, die dem einzelnen Menschenindividuum unbewußt bleiben, die Erdenmenschen nach Wolkenmenschen, Regenbogenmenschen, feuerfüßigen Menschen. Diese Dreispaltung des Menschen, wie ich sie beschrieben habe für den einzelnen Menschen in «Wie erlangt man Erkenntnisse der höheren Welten?», sie ist nun für die Erdenmenschheit eingetreten, sie ist jetzt da. Das gewaltige Bild, das der Apokalyptiker zeichnet, ist da in Asien, in Europa, in Amerika. Und die Menschen können zunächst nicht den Zusammenklang der drei Teile finden; statt den Zusammenklang in der Vereinigung zu suchen, suchen sie die Zersplitterung, und im einzelnen tritt das ganz merkwürdig auf.
[ 19 ] Man kann in diesem ganz äußerlichen Denken, das die Menschen ergreift, zum Beispiel sehen, wie sich die Menschen nicht zusammenfinden in innerem Verstehen, sondern oftmals sich zusammenschließen nach Äußerlichkeiten. Wir können zum Beispiel sehen, wie zwischen Böhmerwald und Fichtelgebirge, von den Erzbergen im Politz-Adersbacher Sandsteingebirge herunter bis zur March, bis zum ehemaligen Preßburg - Pozsony hieß es in Ungarn, ich weiß nicht, wie es heute heißt -—, wenn wir die Mannhartsberge als Südgrenze nehmen, daß sich da in den Tschechen ein im eminentesten Sinne wolkenmenschliches Volk findet, das nur das Denken ausgebildet hat, und daß dieses nicht mit innerem Verständnis zusammengekommen, sondern zusammengeschweißt worden ist mit den ganz anders gearteten Slowaken, bei denen das Denken gar nicht vorhanden ist, sondern die Regenbogenmenschen im ausgesprochenen Sinne des Wortes sind. Wir sehen auf der anderen Seite, wie ganz äußerlich wiederum ein anderes Verhältnis, das kurz vorher gebildet worden ist, aufgelöst wird. In alldem waltet kein Geist mehr, sondern Erdenmenschentätigkeit, die den Geist ausschließen will. Wir sehen die ganze Slowakei kurz vorher losgelöst von Böhmen, Mähren, Schlesien, das das Gebiet ist, das ich vorher angegeben habe. Wir sehen diese ganze Slowakei früher vereinigt mit dem magyarischen Lande und mit den echten Magyaren. Sie müssen nur unterscheiden die echten Magyaren von den eingewanderten Magyaren, die man schon an den Namen erkennt. Der echte Magyar heißt so, daß man es im Westen gar nicht aussprechen kann, besonders wenn er noch älter ist; er heißt aber Hirschfeld, wenn er einer der besonders schreienden und agitatorischen Magyaren der Gegenwart ist.
[ 20 ] Man muß schon auf die echten Magyaren zurückgehen. Bei diesen hat man es zu tun mit ausgesprochen feuerfüßigen Menschen, die kurze Zeit zusammengeschweißt waren mit den Regenbogenmenschen der Slowakei. So wird gewürfelt von dem heutigen Welt-Ungeist, daß die Slowaken früher mit den Magyaren, jetzt mit den Tschechen zusammengeworfen werden. So wird überhaupt heute gewürfelt. Das drückt sich auch in den tiefergehenden Symptomen aus, darin zum Beispiel, daß ein wirklich bedeutender Mensch wie Masaryk, der an der Spitze der Tschechoslowakischen Republik steht, eigentlich Slowake ist, nicht Tscheche. Aber wer Masaryk kennt, weiß, daß er eben ein Regenbogenmensch ist, der gar nicht denken kann. Man lese seine Bücher und man wird sehen: In seinen Büchern denkt die Zeit. Er ist ein Regenbogenmensch, ein echter Slowake. Man muß nach diesen Kategorien die Menschen der Gegenwart schon anschauen können, um zu sehen, welches Zufallswürfelspiel eigentlich getrieben wird, das natürlich im Weltenkarma schon begründet ist. Da müssen wir blicken auf jenes Zeitalter das das unsrige eigentlich ist —, das von sich sagen kann, daß es immer mehr in das Bewußtsein der Menschen, in die Bewußtseinsseele hineingeht. Vorher sahen die Menschen draußen die Sternenschrift geschrieben, sie sahen alles draußen geschrieben, was Inhalt ist von alter Tradition, von alter Weisheit. Was in alten Büchern steht, trägt dieser dreigespaltene Mensch wie Erinnerung an sich. Sieht man hin nach gewissen Stätten, so sieht man diese Gestalt, die ausgebreitet ist über Asien, Europa, Amerika. Was in den an Mysterien reichen Stätten Mazedoniens, Griechenlands, Kleinasiens, alles was in Ephesus, Samothrake, Delphi und an anderen Orten verkündet worden ist über die Welt, das ist das Buch, das erhalten ist aus den alten Zeiten; es ist in der Hand jenes Engels, der aus Wolken sein Antlitz, aus Regenbogen seine Brust, aus Feuer seine Füße bildet und mächtig dasteht. Aber all das ist für den Bewußtseinsmenschen heute so, daß wir das nur so rege und belebend erhalten können, wenn wir aus unserem Innern heraus den Quell suchen, wodurch wir das geistige Schauen lernen. Wir müssen das Buch, das vorher von außen geholt werden konnte, «verschlingen», in uns hineinbringen. Zunächst ist dieses Buch, das die Weltgeheimnisse enthält, für manche erst süß im Munde. Es kommen die Leute zu dem, was geistige Anschauung geben will, schon mit einer großen Vorliebe, es schmeckt ihnen wie Honig. Wenn aber die eigentlichen tiefen Lebenserfordernisse kommen, die zusammenhängen mit einer geistigen Erfassung der Welt, dann wird, gerade wenn es an den heutigen materialistisch gewordenen Menschen herantritt, das, was süß wie Honig ist nach den Worten des Apokalyptikers, zu einem Grimmen im Bauche, das schmerzhaft ist, wenn verdaut werden soll, was als geistige Nahrung den Menschen so notwendig ist.
[ 21 ] Wenn wir auf all das hinschauen, dann müssen wir schon zugestehen: Bei diesem Würfeln, bei diesem Durcheinanderwerfen, da wird es notwendig, daß gerade aus derjenigen Geistgewalt, die uns den dreigliedrigen Menschen zeigt, jene Kraft kommt, die alles neu ausmessen kann. Ein Rohr wird gegeben vom Himmel herunter, eigentlich eine Meßlatte, mit der alles neu gemessen werden soll (Apk. 11, Iff.). Nun sehen Sie auf unsere Zeit hin, meine lieben Freunde. Muß nicht neu gemessen werden? Müssen wir nicht auf jenes abstrakte Gebilde der Länderkarte hinzuzeichnen so etwas wie Asien als Wolkengestalt, Europa als regenbogenfarbig koloriert, Amerika als feuerfüßig? Müssen wir nicht alles neu abmessen vom Gesichtspunkte des Geisteslebens aus? Stehen wir nicht mitten darin in der Ausführung desjenigen, was die Apokalypse uns darbietet?
[ 22 ] Fassen wir dieses, worin man drinnenstehen muß, mit vollem Bewußtsein auf, und wir kommen aus dem Laientum, das heute so viel im tiefsten Unterbewußtsein tun muß, heraus zu dem keineswegs rationalistischen Erfassen der Zeitaufgaben durch das, was neues Priestertum sein soll. Sehen Sie, das ist dasjenige, was gerade in Anlehnung an die jetzt vorliegenden Kapitel der Apokalypse gesagt sein soll. Die Dinge stimmen bis ins einzelne hinein. Wir werden das, was wir über Rassen- und individuelle Entwickelung zu sagen haben, dann gut sagen können, wenn wir morgen auf diese Dinge noch eingehen.
Fourteenth Lecture
The following questions were submitted to Rudolf Steiner in writing on September 18, 1924, prior to the lecture.
In the handwriting of Johannes Werner Klein:
The source of many difficulties that occasionally arise in the circle is our lack of clarity about the spiritual tasks and background of the seven offices and, related to this, about the earthly leadership of our movement.
As special questions concerning the progress of the entire work, we are now particularly concerned with the following:
1. Whether we are right to continue to place the emphasis on the extensive element, or whether it is in the interest of better preparation for future tasks to give priority for a time to the need for intensive deepening of our own personalities. This question is prompted by the decline in the physical and mental strength of some in the circle since the fall of 1922, which is a cause for concern.
2. What paths we should take to establish spiritual colonies in other countries.
3. How we should handle membership in the communities and, in connection with this, the distribution of communion. Until now, most have handled this point in very free forms. In some cities, all those present have been able to participate in the community communion that takes place every Sunday.
In the meetings of the last few weeks, we have dealt extensively with the karmic conditions that led the individual into the circle, in order to recognize each other in our karmic differentiation and the circle as a whole in its scope of tasks. Through the revelations of your lectures, we are once again faced with the question of the essence and karmic structure of our circle.
In connection with this, we are faced with the question of the karma of the Christian churches to date and the influence of this karma through individual personalities in our circle.
In the apocalyptic part of the Gospel (Mark 13:20) there is the sentence: “And unless the Lord had shortened those days, no flesh would be saved; but for the sake of the elect, whom he chose, he has shortened those days (of travail).” — How is this sentence to be understood in view of the coming events, such as the war of all against all? These are the questions that concern the whole circle. However, because of some matters relating to these questions, as well as questions about cities and a few other brief concerns, we ask for the opportunity to appear before you as a circle of seven senior leaders and leaders.
I. A. Joh. Werner Klein
In the handwriting of Friedrich Doldinger:
1. In the Catholic Church, during the consecration of the church interior, the bishop draws letters in the ashes on the floor. Is a corresponding ritual necessary for the consecration of a church in our community? Who (a leader?) would have to perform it? (Practical for the opening of a separate room in Freiburg i. Br. for consecration purposes only on Michaelmas).
2. Use of candles for casual occasions. Can the burning seven-branched candlestick be used outside of the human consecration ceremony, for example, when a baptism or similar takes place near the altar?
At the first Dornach course, where the breviary was given, there were many who did not become priests. It turned out that, mainly through these personalities, but also through initially unclear views in our circle, the breviary came into the hands of people who never thought of becoming priests and who, in some cases, even caused us practical difficulties in our work. Some of these individuals, who had received the breviary as a “loving gift” and did not know that it contained meditations for priests, immediately returned it after being informed of this fact. The circle of priests would now like to approach all those who possess the breviary without having taken the oath and ask them to hand it in. However, there is still some uncertainty within the circle as to whether this is possible for all unlawful owners, e.g., wives. Almost all of us believe, however, that only through a radical and uncompromising review of the unlawful possession of the breviary can the necessary clarity in this matter be achieved, since the breviary was clearly and unambiguously intended only for those who are directly preparing for priestly ministry.
The fact that the breviary has been distributed inappropriately is troubling to many of us. Above all, in connection with the handling of class sayings, the question has arisen as to whether the breviary has become ineffective due to the manner in which it has been distributed, or whether the desirable situation can still be achieved by means of a now imminent confiscation.
[ 1 ] My dear friends! I will try to answer the questions put to me alongside the others. However, there are some questions among them which, even though they have been asked by others, I would like to answer within the inner circle of senior leaders. This may happen in the next few days, and these answers can be passed on.
[ 2 ] Above all, I would like to draw your attention today to an image of the Apocalypse that represents the imagination of the apocalypticist, as it has often been incorporated into the images that were created in the wake of the Apocalypse. It cannot always be said that these pictorial representations, which were created in the wake of the Apocalypse, are so successful, but in the case of this image, which is the subject of discussion here – and which, after yesterday's discussions, is particularly relevant to our time in its realization – it is difficult to misinterpret the individual parts, because they are so characteristic of the Apocalypse. But in order to understand this image, it is necessary to discuss a certain parallel issue that is important for our time and has already been touched upon in anthroposophical contexts, but which can be illuminated in a special way here in our discussion of the Apocalypse.
[ 3 ] If we consider the development of the human being and pay attention to how, in the transition of his consciousness from the physical-sensory world to the contemplation of the spiritual world, the human being actually first becomes a threefold being — in the way I have described in the chapters on the Guardian of the Threshold in my book How to Know Higher Worlds —we can see that the human being is, in the form of the physical being, a unity and a trinity at the same time, and this unity and trinity is, in fact, quite clear. This becomes clear when we follow the description of the structure of the human being given in anthroposophy. Let us take the human being according to spirit, soul, and body. How this structure relates to the other one given in anthroposophy will be immediately clear.
[ 4 ] Now, in the spirit that human beings have today, there live thoughts, thoughts as I describe them, for example, in my Philosophy of Freedom, where they are not saturated with sensory perceptions, but are freely created, pure thoughts in human consciousness. In terms of their quality, these thoughts are initially only an illusion; they are so far from being a full reality that they have no inner power. Because we do not have the mirror image, we can compare them, not entirely, but in a certain sense, with mirror images. The image that appears in the mirror has no power in the direction of its lines; it is completely passive. Human thoughts have power in their unfolding, so that we can also capture this power, as I said yesterday in the esoteric lesson, and imbue it with will. But these thoughts that human beings have in life actually relate to the universe in its fullness like mirror images, so that we already carry the spirit within us as human beings, but the spirit in a mirror image.
[ 5 ] Now, my dear friends, what we carry within us comes from the world that I have described in my “Theosophy” as the spirit world, and by thinking on earth, we actually bring the ingredients of the spirit world down to earth in the form of reflections. We bring down what Theosophy calls Devachan to the earthly realm by thinking, even if it is only a faint reflection. We carry these contents within us on earth, in a faint reflection of the radiance of heaven.
[ 6 ] Moving on to the soul, it is primarily feeling that lives here. As feeling, it lives in the waking state; in the imagery of dreams, it lives in the sleeping state. Dreams and feelings differ only in that feelings are the soul content of the waking state, while dreams are the soul content of the sleeping state. What we as earthly human beings experience in our feelings between birth and death comes from another world — which I have described in my “Theosophy” — from the soul world, which we experience in its real form after death. And to this real form of the soul world that then appears before us — I have described this to a certain extent in Theosophy — our emotional world — which we only dream, for we only dream this soul world in our feelings — does not relate to it like a mirror image, but like an image held in the soul by the creative elemental forces. Reality is not yet present there.
[ 7 ] What our body develops, as we now are as earthly human beings, is not an archetypal consciousness, but it carries within itself the strongest realities of being. We are truly active in our bodies, but only in the physical earthly world. Thus, the three members of our human being belong to different worlds. And you, my dear friends, since you want to have an effect on the human being, will therefore have to have in your feelings an indication of what lies in the human being. You must develop a correct view of these things.
[ 8 ] I have encountered misunderstandings upon misunderstandings, especially in relation to this division, from very good philosophers, misunderstandings upon misunderstandings that show how difficult it is even for people of the present who are very good at thinking to really penetrate anthroposophy. In a discussion, for example, one philosopher understood the structure of the human being as if it were an arbitrary division made with the intellect and meaning mere formalism. Of course, one can also divide a table into a tabletop, legs, and so on, but the whole table is made of wood, or one could also divide it from left to right. But the structure of the human being is not a matter of such arbitrary division. Let us put it this way: in reality, we have hydrogen and oxygen, and together they make water; they are realities, not just artificial schemata. Similarly, the members of the human being are not arbitrarily divided, but have merged into the reality of human nature in such a way that one can say: the spirit comes from the spirit world, the soul from the soul world, the physical body from the physical world; these members of the human being come from three different worlds and are connected with each other in the human being. And when human beings leave the physical world with their consciousness, their inner being splits, and they become three from one.
[ 9 ] What happens to the individual human being in this way, without the individual human being having to participate in it as an individual, also happens to the whole of humanity through its various racial and ethnic developments. We can say that developing humanity lives in the subconscious of each individual human being, but this does not rise into ordinary consciousness, and it goes through similar stages of development as the individual human being. And right now, in our age, humanity is going through something like crossing the threshold and splitting into three in the course of its development. What for the individual human being is passing by the guardian of the threshold must be acquired by the human being in the age of the consciousness soul if he wants to have it. But humanity, unconsciously for the individual in our age, passes by the guardian of the threshold. The whole of humanity is going through what the transition across the threshold is. Whereas until the end of the 18th century, physical corporeality still gave human beings something on earth through the elemental beings inherent in it, in the future human beings will have to draw everything they find productive within themselves, including their virtues, from the spiritual world, not as individuals but as humanity. So there is a threshold crossing in the development of the whole of humanity, which, because it also lies before the time, appears to the apocalypticist before the vision appears before his eyes of the woman clothed with the sun, who has the dragon under her feet. There he has the other vision, the vision that clearly reflects what the apocalypticist wants to say: The time is coming when all of humanity in its civilized part will have to cross the threshold, where a trinity appears as the cosmic imagination of what humanity is going through. There will be more and more people who, in addition to the feeling that humans can develop when the healthy borders on the pathological, will have the other sensation: My thoughts want to run away from me, my feet are pulled down by the heaviness of the earth. — There are many people today who actually have this feeling very strongly, that their thoughts are flying away from them, that their feet are being pulled down excessively by the earth. But our present-day civilization dissuades people from this, just as it dissuades children when they have visions that are based on reality.
[ 10 ] But what is strongly alive in our time appears to the clairvoyant eye of the apocalypticist as that figure which emerges from the clouds, has a sun-like face, merges into a rainbow, and has fiery feet, one of which stands on the sea and the other on the earth (Rev. 10:1 and 2). One might say that this is indeed the most significant apparition that the present human soul should visualize. For in what is above, the face born of the clouds, lie the thoughts that belong to the spirit realm; in what is the rainbow lies the emotional world of the human soul, which belongs to the soul realm; in the fiery feet, which drew their strength from the power of the sea-covered earth, lies that which is contained in the body of man, which belongs to the physical world.
[ 11 ] We are, I would say, being pointed to the actual cultural secret of the present, which initially manifests itself in such a way that human beings do not appear to be divided into three parts, but rather — as is now evident in our time — that we have cloud people who can only think, while the other two parts are stunted: rainbow and fire-foot people, that we have rainbow people, in whom feeling is particularly well developed, who can only grasp anthroposophy, for example, with their feelings, not with their intellect. But they are not only to be found in the anthroposophical society, but also out in the world. These people can only grasp the world with their feelings; their thinking and will are stunted, but their feelings are particularly well developed. Then there are people today who actually act as if they had only developed their will in a hypertrophied way. Their thinking and feeling are stunted: people who act like bulls, devoted only to immediate external impulses — the fire-footed people.
[ 12 ] And the vision of John the Apocalyptic also depicts these three types of people whom we encounter in life. We must familiarize ourselves with this mystery of today's civilization so that we can view people in the right way. Incidentally, this also becomes apparent when we look at the great world events.
[ 13 ] Just look at everything that is happening in Russia at the moment. We have the influence of the cloud people, the predominantly thinking people, in whom feeling and will are atrophied. They want to hand over their will to the social mechanism, and feeling is taken over by Ahrimanic forces because people do not have control over it themselves. They are thinkers, but because the earthly human being is thoroughly Ahrimanic and Luciferic in nature, their thinking is such that one can say — I will use an image that will seem perfectly natural to anyone familiar with spiritual science; it will only deter those who first have to familiarize themselves with such matters —: if we take the thoughts of Lenin and the others and consider these thoughts as an image, what does the confluence of the thoughts of Lenin, Trotsky, Lunacharsky, and so on look like? If you imagine a world made up of these thoughts, you get what in physics is called a force system, a system of forces. Yes, my dear friends, with these forces, if one were an elemental giant spirit, one could form clouds over a wide area, cause thunder and lightning, if one considers the forces in cloud regions. But they do not belong on earth. It is an image that may surprise you, but anyone who looks into the occult background of existence must say this. In the minds of the leading Russians, the same forces are at work that are in lightning, that are formed in the clouds above our heads and that strike down lightning bolts and thunderclaps onto the earth. These forces belong there; they seem out of place in the leading figures of Bolshevism.
[ 14 ] You see, there you have what is quite clear to the apocalypticist in relation to much of what is happening in our time. And he knew that such an epochal period always encompasses a time that can already be specified in terms of numbers. I myself, my dear friends, have given an approximate number of years for the period that encompasses something like the development of the consciousness soul, the development of the soul of feeling or the soul of understanding. I have given it as one-twelfth of 25,920 years, which corresponds to such a period.
[ 15 ] Well, for a long time it was really an extremely difficult crux for me to come to terms with the point in the Apocalypse that I am now talking about. For there the apocalypticist states that he prophesies: 1260 days. People often speak of days when they actually mean years. But how do we arrive at the number 1260 in the Apocalypse? It took thorough research to discover that these 1260 days (Rev. 11:3 and 12:6) are – forgive the trivial expression – a real misprint in the traditions of the Apocalypse. The correct reading should be “2160 days,” which corresponds with what we can see today. It is very possible that at some point in a school where the tradition was preserved, precisely because many numbers can be seen when looking at mirror images, an ambiguity arose. However, this is something that is less likely to be considered when delving deeper into the Apocalypse.
[ 16 ] Those people who stand within the race in such a way that they are actually cloud people are opposed by others who are rainbow people. Their thinking is stunted; they prefer to live with traditional ideas and are somewhat shy about approaching the spiritual world with their thoughts. Numerous people, especially in Central European regions, appear to us as such rainbow people.[ 17 ] The further west we go, the more atrophied thinking and feeling actually become, and we arrive at the pathological formations of fire-footed people. Such fire-footed people are found in large numbers in the western regions of Europe and presumably in America, so that we can also divide the earth in this direction: In the east there are many cloud people, in the middle many rainbow people, in the west many fire-footed people. And one could say: Spread out over the earth, when viewed spiritually from the outside, is something like an image of the very form that confronts us here in the apocalyptic, when we consider the development of the races. If we were to rise spiritually from the earth—which cannot be done in a balloon or airship—if we were to rise spiritually from a point in Westphalia, for example, and look back at the earth, Asia would have a kind of cloud-like face taking on the shape of the sun; above Europe, we would see rainbow colors spread out, and further west, feet of fire, one standing in the Pacific Ocean, the other on the South American Andes. And we would see the Earth itself beneath this image.
[ 18 ] You see, my dear friends, these prophecies of the apocalyptic writer, which are so profoundly significant for our time, are something that is extremely important for the work of the priesthood, for this is precisely the great mystery of our time that has developed since Napoleon. Under the influence of Napoleonism, of the first Napoleon, this striving of human beings into race and nation first arose with full clarity, which today has found expression in such an incomprehensible way through Wilsonianism. It is something quite terrible, how people today strive into races and peoples and how they want to bury all cosmopolitanism. But this is because this passage through the threshold is now taking place. And just as human beings divide themselves in their development into the spiritual world, so too, in regions that remain unconscious to the individual human being, the people of Earth divide themselves into cloud people, rainbow people, and fire-footed people. This threefold division of the human being, as I have described it for the individual human being in “How to Attain Knowledge of Higher Worlds,” has now come about for the human race on earth; it is now here. The powerful image painted by the apocalyptic writer is there in Asia, in Europe, in America. And human beings cannot initially find the harmony between the three parts; instead of seeking harmony in union, they seek fragmentation, and this occurs in a very strange way in individual cases.
[ 19 ] In this very superficial thinking that grips people, we can see, for example, how people do not come together in inner understanding, but often unite on the basis of outward appearances. We can see, for example, how between the Bohemian Forest and the Fichtel Mountains, from the ore mountains in the Politz-Adersbach sandstone mountains down to the March, to the former Pressburg — Pozsony in Hungary, I don't know what it's called today — — if we take the Mannharts Mountains as the southern border — that there is a people in the Czech Republic who are, in the most eminent sense, cloud people, who have only developed thinking, and that they have not come together through inner understanding, but have been welded together with the very different Slovaks, who have no thinking at all, but are rainbow people in the true sense of the word. On the other hand, we see how, on the very surface, another relationship that was formed shortly before is being dissolved. In all this, it is no longer the spirit that reigns, but earthly human activity that wants to exclude the spirit. We see the whole of Slovakia shortly before it was detached from Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia, which is the area I mentioned earlier. We see this whole of Slovakia formerly united with the Magyar country and with the genuine Magyars. You only have to distinguish the genuine Magyars from the immigrant Magyars, who can already be recognized by their names. The real Magyar is called something that cannot be pronounced in the West, especially if he is older; but he is called Hirschfeld if he is one of the particularly loud and agitational Magyars of the present day.
[ 20 ] One must go back to the real Magyars. These are extremely fiery people who were briefly united with the rainbow people of Slovakia. Thus, the current world spirit has decided that the Slovaks, who used to be lumped together with the Magyars, should now be lumped together with the Czechs. That is how things are decided today. This is also expressed in the deeper symptoms, for example in the fact that a truly significant person like Masaryk, who is at the head of the Czechoslovak Republic, is actually Slovak, not Czech. But anyone who knows Masaryk knows that he is a rainbow person who cannot think at all. Read his books and you will see: time thinks in his books. He is a rainbow man, a true Slovak. One must be able to look at the people of the present according to these categories in order to see what game of chance is actually being played, which is of course already established in the karma of the world. We must look at the age that is actually ours — which can say of itself that it is increasingly entering into the consciousness of human beings, into the consciousness soul. Previously, people saw the writing of the stars outside, they saw everything written outside, which is the content of ancient tradition, of ancient wisdom. What is written in ancient books is carried by this three-columned human being as a memory. If you look at certain places, you see this figure spread across Asia, Europe, and America. What has been proclaimed about the world in the mystery-rich places of Macedonia, Greece, Asia Minor, everything that has been proclaimed in Ephesus, Samothrace, Delphi, and other places, that is the book that has been preserved from ancient times; it is in the hand of that angel who forms his face from clouds, his chest from rainbows, his feet from fire, and stands there powerfully. But all this is such for the conscious human being today that we can only preserve it so vividly and invigoratingly if we seek the source from within ourselves, through which we learn spiritual vision. We must “devour” the book, which could previously be obtained from outside, and bring it into ourselves. At first, this book, which contains the secrets of the world, is sweet in the mouth for some. People come to what spiritual insight wants to give them with great fondness; it tastes like honey to them. But when the real deep needs of life come, which are connected with a spiritual understanding of the world, then, especially when it approaches today's materialistic people, what is sweet as honey, in the words of the apocalyptic writer, becomes a grimness in the stomach that is painful when it comes to digesting what is so necessary for people as spiritual nourishment.
[ 21 ] When we look at all this, we must admit that with all this jumbled confusion, it is necessary that the spiritual power that shows us the threefold human being should provide the force that can measure everything anew. A reed is given down from heaven, actually a measuring rod with which everything is to be measured anew (Rev. 11:1ff.). Now look at our time, my dear friends. Must not everything be measured anew? Must we not add to that abstract construct of the map of countries something like Asia as a cloud formation, Europe colored like a rainbow, America with feet of fire? Must we not measure everything anew from the point of view of spiritual life? Are we not in the midst of carrying out what the Apocalypse presents to us?
[ 22 ] If we grasp this, in which we must stand, with full consciousness, we will emerge from the layman's perspective, which today must do so much in the deepest subconscious, to a non-rationalistic understanding of the tasks of the times through what is to be the new priesthood. You see, this is what needs to be said in reference to the chapters of the Apocalypse that are now before us. The details are accurate. We will be able to say what we have to say about racial and individual development when we discuss these things tomorrow.
