The Mission of the Archangel Michael
GA 194
23 November 1919, Dornach
III. Michaelic Thinking. The Knowledge of Man as a Supersensible Being. The Michael Path and the Deepest Impulses of the Social Question
The day before yesterday I spoke to you about the fact that we, as members of the human race, live in a sphere which we may designate as the fourth sphere of evolution. We know that the Earth evolution has gradually developed out of the Saturn evolution; the Saturn evolution was followed by the Sun evolution, this in turn by the Moon evolution, out of which, finally came the Earth evolution. If we keep in mind these four sequential formations of the earth planet to which, of course, mankind as such belongs, we must only consider man in so far as he is a head-being. In doing so we must realize that the designation “the head of man” is the symbolic expression of everything that belongs to human sense perception, to human intelligence, of all that in turn flows over into social life through human sense perception, as an intelligent being, must be included in this symbolic expression. Thus, if I say: “man as a head-being,” this is spoken symbolically and refers to everything I have just mentioned.
We speak lightly of the fact that we, as physical human beings, live in the surrounding atmosphere. We must realize that this atmosphere belongs to us. For, is it not true that the air which is now within us was a short time ago outside us? We are not thinkable as human beings outside this atmosphere. But we have become accustomed to believe that men of earlier periods spoke about subjects like the air in the way modern mankind speaks about them. This, however, was not the case. We find it queer if we say that just as we walk in the air so we walk in a sphere which contains the conditions for our existence as sense-beings, intelligent beings, in short, that we possess all that can be symbolically expressed, as has been stated, by virtue of our existence as head-beings. Now, I have told you that this is only one of the spheres in which we exist, for we live in various spheres. Let us now progress in our considerations to a sphere of practical import for mankind and focus our attention upon the fourth sphere in which we now live by virtue of three evolutionary states having preceded our Earth. Let this be characterized by this circular plane (Dr. Steiner makes a drawing on the blackboard) in which we live as in our fourth sphere of evolution. Besides this, we live in yet another sphere of evolution through the fact that this other evolutionary sphere belongs to the spiritual beings that are our creators, just as this fourth sphere belongs to us. If we disregard the human being for a moment and consider those beings which we always have called, in the order of the hierarchies standing above us, the Spirits of Form, the Creative Form Beings, then we shall have to say that we, as human beings, shall only reach the sphere which we ascribe to our Divine Creator Beings when the Earth has passed through three further stages of evolution, which you will find designated in my Occult Science as Jupiter stage, Venus stage and Vulcan stage, and shall have reached the eighth stage. Thus these Creative Spirits are at the stage which we human beings shall have reached after the Vulcan evolution. This is their sphere which belongs to them just as the fourth sphere belongs to us. But we must think of these spheres as being inserted into one another, as interpenetrating one another. Thus, is I designate the sphere of which I have just spoken as the eighth sphere, we do not live only in the fourth but also in this eighth sphere through the fact that our Divine Creators live in this sphere together with us.
If we now hold this eighth sphere in view, we find living there not only our Divine Creator Spirits, but also the Ahrimanic beings. Thus by living in the surroundings of the eighth sphere we live together with the Ahrimanic beings. In the fourth sphere, the Luciferic beings live together with us. This is the situation concerning the distribution of these spiritual beings. We are able to go into details regarding these things only if we know how we ourselves are related to the corresponding surroundings of this sphere.
Thus, it is revealed to the perception of initiation science that we are perceiving and intelligent beings by virtue of our living in the fourth sphere of our evolution. But we must never forget that the Luciferic power influenced this intelligence in which we must always include sense perceptions. This Luciferic power is intimately connected with the special kind of intelligence which the human being today considers his very own and which he prefers to employ. Yet, man was endowed with this intelligence only through the fact that the higher being of whom I have spoken to you as the Michael-being has cast the Luciferic beings down into the sphere of men, into the fourth sphere of men. Through this the impulse of intelligence arose in human beings.
You can feel what this impulse of intelligence signifies in mankind if you direct your attention to the impersonal element of present-day human intelligence. You know that we human beings have many personal interests, and we are individualized in regard to them. But his individualization comes to a halt before intelligence. As far as intelligence and logic are concerned, all human beings possess the same; we count upon this common possession. We would not have this common possession if the Luciferic influence, mediated by Michael, had not been exerted upon mankind.
We comprehend one another in this simple fashion only by virtue of our having this common intelligence which originates in the Luciferic spirituality. This Luciferic spirituality arose through Michael's having permeated and influenced human beings with the being of Lucifer. These Luciferic influences developed further in human historic evolution. Alongside of them, much else has been developed in the human being. But today this Luciferic spirituality which we call our intelligence is still considered by many people the most distinguished faculty of man.
You must, in order to come to greater clarity in this matter, direct your soul gaze upon something else which may bring human beings together over the whole earth once it has spread. This is the Christ impulse. But the Christ impulse is something different from the intelligence impulse. The intelligence impulse is of coercive nature. You cannot make the intelligence of mankind your personal affair. You cannot suddenly resolve to decide in a personal way what has to be decided by intelligence without appearing insane within social life relationships. Yet, on the other hand, you cannot gain any relation to the Christ impulse other than a personal one. Nobody can interfere with another person's way of relating himself to the Christ. This is an entirely personal matter. But through the fact that the Christ has passed through the Mystery of Golgotha and has united Himself with the Earth evolution the situation has become such that, regardless of how many human beings, independently from one another, make the Christ impulse their personal affair: the Christ impulse, through its very nature, will become the same for everyone. That means, human beings are brought together through something which every one of them makes his own affair, not coercively as in the case of intelligence, but through the fact that precisely through the Christ impulse itself the relationship of every human being to the Christ forms itself in such a way—if it forms itself rightly—that it is the same in every human being. This, you see, is the difference between the intelligence impulse and the Christ impulse. The Christ impulse may be the same for all mankind and yet is a personal matter for every individual human being. Intelligence is not a personal affair.
Now, what was the situation into which the Christ impulse entered? We can answer this from indications which I have already given. We know that the evolution of the head is retrogressive. In regard to his head the human being finds himself in a process of dying. We may thus point to the following cosmic fact: Michael has pushed the Luciferic hosts down into the realm of mankind; they took up their abode in the human head, but in the human head in its state of gradual dying.
These Luciferic beings began to fight against this dying of the human head. And here we touch a well-known secret of human nature, a secret known in the most varied forms, but which is almost completely concealed from modern man. In regard to this divine evolution, man carries in his head a continual death process; but paralleling this continual process of dying is a kindling of life on the part of Lucifer. It is Lucifer's constant endeavor to make our head as living as is the rest of our organism. Seen from the organic aspect, Lucifer would turn mankind away from its divine direction, were he to succeed in making the human head as living as is the rest of the organism.
This is precisely what the divine direction of human evolution has to turn against. Man must remain united with Earth evolution so that he may continue on through Jupiter, Venus and Vulcan evolution. If Lucifer were to reach his goal, man would not continue on his destined path; on the contrary, he would be made part of a cosmos which is intelligent through and through.
Physiologically speaking, it is Lucifer's constant endeavor to send the life forces out of the rest of our organism into our head. Psychically speaking, Lucifer is constantly endeavoring to give to the content of our intelligence which merely comprises thoughts and images the character of substance. What I have stated above from the physical point of view I now state from the point of view of the soul when I say that Lucifer has the constant tendency to give a real substantial content to that which we form as an image in our spirit—anything of an artistic form, for instance; that is, he has the tendency to permeate our thought contents with ordinary earthly reality. If he were to succeed he would bring it about that we as human beings would forsake reality and fly over into a thought reality which would be reality and not mere thoughts. This tendency of letting our fantasies become realities is connected with our human nature, and the greatest efforts imaginable are made to turn our human fantasies into realities.
Now, everything that exists in mankind as causes of internal diseases is connected with this Luciferic tendency. To see through the work of Lucifer in regard to the driving of the vital forces into the dying forces of the human head means, in truth, to be able to diagnose all internal diseases. Scientific-medical development must strive to build its knowledge upon this Luciferic element. To give this impulse belongs to the tendencies of the Michael influence entering our human evolution.
The Ahrimanic influence is the reverse of the Luciferic tendency. It makes itself felt from the eighth sphere out of which the rest of our organism, exclusive of the head, is fashioned; this organism is full of vitality through its very nature. Into these forces of vitality the Ahrimanic powers endeavor to send the forces of death which properly, in the divine process of evolution, belong to the head. Thus, out of the eighth sphere the forces of death come to us through Ahriman as intermediary. This, again, is spoken of from the physical aspect.
Speaking from the soul aspect, I would have to say: everything that sends its influence into us out of the eighth sphere acts upon the human will, not upon intelligence. Wish, desire underlie human willing; all willing contains a certain amount of desire. It is Ahriman's constant endeavor to insert the personal element into the desire-nature which underlies the willing; and through the fact that the personal element is concealed in our desire-nature, our human soul-will activity bears the imprint of our gradual approaching the moment of death. Instead of permitting ourselves to be permeated by divine ideals and letting them enter our desires and thus our will, the personal element is introduced into our wishing, into our willing.
Thus we are actually in a state of equilibrium between the Luciferic and the Ahrimanic element. The Luciferic-Ahrimanic element delivers us to illness and death in the physical; in the soul sphere it develops deception in so far as we consider something a reality which merely belongs to the world of thought, of fantasy. In regard to the spiritual sphere, the desire of egotism penetrates into our human nature on this path.
Thus we see this duality—Lucifer-Ahriman—connected with human nature, and I have shown you by Milton's Paradise Lost, by Klopstock's Messiah, and by Goethe's Faust how modern civilized mankind deceives itself, can deceive itself, in regard to this duality. Now we have to keep in mind that mankind in its development has passed beyond the middle point of Earth evolution. Mankind's evolution was, in the first place, an ascending one; then it reached its climax and is now on the descending path. For certain reasons which we need not discuss today there was a state of balance in the Greco-Latin period up to the fifteenth century. Since that time, however, earth humanity's evolution is on the descending path. Physical Earth evolution has entered the descending path at a much earlier period; already at the time which preceded our last ice age; that is, prior to the Atlantean catastrophe, Earth evolution began to descend in a physical respect. This is a fact which anthroposophists need not announce to the world; for it is already known to geology, as I have frequently mentioned, that as we walk over the earth in numerous regions we walk already over the earth crust in the state of decline. You need only read the descriptions of Earth evolution in good geology books of our day and you will find that physical science has come to the conclusion that the earth is on the descending stage of its evolution. But we human beings, too, are on the descending stage of evolution. We must not expect that any upward trend will arise in our bodily development. We must take hold of the upward trend by looking upon that which leads the human being beyond the Earth evolution to its subsequent evolutionary forms. We must learn to look upon the human being of the future. This means to think in the sense of Michael, to have Michaelic thoughts.
I will characterize more precisely what it means to think in the sense of Michael, to think Michaelically. You see, my dear friends, if you confront your fellow-man today, you actually confront him with a completely materialistic consciousness. You say to yourselves, even though you do not say it aloud nor even in thought, but you say to yourselves in the more intimate recesses of your consciousness: This is a man of flesh and blood; this is a man of earth substances. You say the same in the case of the animal, the same in the case of the plant. But what you thus say to yourselves when confronting man, animal and plant, you are justified in saying only in regard to the mineral nature. Let us deal at once with the most extreme case, with man. Let us consider man in regard to his external form. That which constitutes his external shape you do not really see, you do not confront it at all with your physical capacity of observation, for it is filled with more than ninety percent of fluid, of water. That which fills the form as mineral substance is what you see with your physical eyes. That which man unites with himself of this outer mineral world is what you see; the human being who does the uniting you do not see. You speak correctly only if you say to yourself: What confronts me here are the particles of matter which the human spirit shape stores up in itself; this makes the invisible being which stands here before me visible. You all as you are sitting here are invisible to physical senses. A certain number of shapes are sitting here; they have, through a certain inner power of attraction collected particles of matter. These particles of matter are what we see; we merely see the mineral. The real human beings that are sitting here are invisible, are super-sensible. To say this to oneself with full consciousness at every moment of waking life constitutes the Michaelic mode of thinking; to cease conceiving of the human being as a conglomerate of mineral particles which he but arranges in a certain way, as is also assumed of animals and plants and from which only the minerals are excepted, and to become conscious of the fact that we walk among invisible human beings—this means to think Michaelically.
We speak of Ahrimanic and Luciferic beings, we speak of the beings of the hierarchy of the Angeloi, Archangeloi, Archai, and so forth. These are invisible beings. We learn to know them by their effects. We have discussed many of these effects, even during the last few days. We learn to know these beings by their deeds. Well, is the matter different with the human being? We learn to know the human being—who is invisible—here in the physical world through the fact that he arranges mineral particles in a human-like shape. But this is only an activity of the human being, an effect of his nature. The fact that we have to become clear about the effects of Ahriman and Lucifer, of the Angeloi, Archangeloi, Archai, and so forth, in another way means simply that we have to learn to know them in a different manner. But in regard to the super-sensible character of these beings there is no difference between them and human beings if we employ reason in our thinking about the being of man.
To comprehend that we are not different in our essential being from the super-sensible beings means to think in the spirit of Michael. Mankind was able to get along without this insight as long as it still received something from the mineral world. But since the mineral world is in a declining evolution, the human being must gradually acquire a spiritual conception of himself and the world. Since the seventies of the nineteenth century he is able, in growing measure, to find the inner strength to develop the consciousness that man is not a well-ordered conglomeration of particles of matter but that he is a super-sensible being, and that these particles of matter are only a gesture of the external mineral world, indicating: here is a human being. Only because of the Ahrimanic influences which I have characterized in a recent lecture [Lecture of November 15, 1919, Dornach] does the human being fend off this inner consciousness, does he try to avoid it. One thing is connected with another in human life. And just as we labor under the delusion that man is a sensuous and not a super-sensible being, so do we labor under other delusions. We speak of evolution and imagine that one thing proceeds from the other in a continuous progressive development. You know that it was not possible to follow such a thought in depicting evolution artistically in our Building. [See Rudolf Steiner, Der Baugedanke des Goetheanum, with 104 photographs of the first Goetheanum.] When I developed the forms for the capitals, I had to show the first, second, and third capital in an ascending evolution, the fourth stood in the middle, the fifth began the declining evolution, the sixth was still simpler, the seventh the most simple. I had to add to the ascending evolution the declining evolution.
Our head is in this declining evolution, whereas the rest of our organism is still in the ascending evolution. If we believe that evolution signifies a continuous ascent we forsake true reality. We then hold the view of Haeckel who, under the influence of a certain delusion, maintained that there are, first, simple beings, as evolution progresses, more and more complicated beings, more and more perfect beings, and so on and on, ad infinitum. This is nonsense. Every evolution that progresses also turns back and retrogresses. Every ascent is followed by a descent; every ascent bears in itself the germ for the descent. It belongs among the most insidious deceptions of modern mankind that it is unaware of the connection between evolution and devolution, between progressive development and retrogressive development. For from every ascending evolution there must result the disposition for retrogressive evolution. At the moment when progressive evolution begins to become retrogressive, the physical passes over into the spiritual evolution. For as soon as the physical begins to become retrogressive, there is room for spiritual development. In our head there is room for spiritual development because physical development is on the retrogressive path. Only when we are in the position to see these things in the right light, that is, only when we see the connection of our intelligence with the Luciferic development shall we really understand the being of man and thereby the world. For then we shall evaluate these things correctly and shall know that our intelligence needs a new impulse if it is to lead man to his goal. Through the Christ principle Lucifer must be prevented from making the human being desert his predestined divine course.
I said before: One thing is connected with the other. Human beings are today under the influence of the same delusion which attributed to the divine powers certain Luciferic qualities. The same delusion creates today the inclination in human beings to see an ideal in the one-sided representation, of the beautiful, for instance. To be sure, it is possible to represent the beautiful as such. But we must be conscious of the fact that were we as human beings merely to surrender ourselves to the beautiful, we would cultivate those forces in us which lead into Luciferic channels. Just as there is no one-sided progressive evolution in the real world, but evolution is followed by devolution, so likewise there exists no one-sided beauty in the real world. The merely beautiful used by Lucifer in order to fascinate and blind human beings would set human beings free of Earth evolution; it would sever their connection with it. Just as there is an interplay of evolution and devolution, so we have in reality to do with an interplay of beauty and ugliness; in truth, there is a hard battle between beauty and ugliness. And if we wish really to take hold of art we must never forget that the ultimate in art in the world is the interplay of the beautiful and the ugly, the presentation of the battle of the beautiful with the ugly. For only by looking upon the state of equilibrium between the beautiful and the ugly do we stand within reality; then we do not exist within a one-sided Luciferic or Ahrimanic reality not belonging to us, into which, however, Lucifer and Ahriman strive to place us. It is very necessary that such ideas as I have just put forward enter human cultural evolution. You know that I have often spoken to you with great enthusiasm about Greek culture, yet in ancient Greece it was still possible to devote oneself one-sidedly to the cultivation of beauty, for mankind at that time had not yet been taken hold of by the decline of Earth evolution, at least not the Greeks. Since that time, however, man must not any longer indulge in the cultivation of the merely beautiful. This would be a flight from reality. He must, boldly and courageously, confront the real battle between beauty and ugliness. He must be able to feel, and experience the dissonances in their battle with the consonances of the world.
This will bring strength into mankind's evolution, and from this strength will spring the possibility of attaining that inner condition of consciousness which lifts us above the delusion that the human being consists in his true essence of heaped-up matter, of mineral particles of substance which he has drawn together into himself. Even from the physical aspect it can be said today that man does not bear in his being the signature of mineral nature, of external physical nature. The outer mineral is heavy. But that which gives us, for instance, the possibility of developing the soul element—I do not refer here to intelligence—that which makes us capable of developing soul qualities is not bound to gravity but to its opposite, to what is called the levity of fluids. I have on other occasions described to you how our brain swims in the cerebral fluid. If this were not so, the blood corpuscles contained in it would be crushed. You know from your lessons in physics that Archimedes, sitting in his bath, discovered that he became lighter, and he was so pleased about this that he called out his famous “Eureka!” In regard to our soul, we do not live by being pulled downward, but by being pulled upward. Not by our brain being heavy, but by our brain being lighter through its swimming in the cerebral fluid do we live physically. We live by means of what draws us away from the earth. This may be stated today even from the physical aspect.
However, what I wanted to point out to you in the present lectures was and is that, confronting modern life, we need a condition of soul which really, at every moment of day-waking life, is conscious of the super-sensible in the immediate surroundings, and which does not surrender to the delusion that the human being is real because he can be seen, and the spirits are not real because they cannot be seen. For the truth is that we do not see the human beings either. This is precisely the delusion that we believe we see the human beings. We do not differ at all from the beings of the higher hierarchies. To learn to grasp the similarity between the beings of the higher hierarchies and ourselves, and even the animals and plants, is the task put to modern mankind.
We say that through the Mystery of Golgotha the Christ impulse has entered Earth evolution, has entered mankind's evolution, to begin with, and is henceforth united with it. People say: We do not see it. Indeed, they will not see it as long as they deceive themselves about man himself, as long as they consider man to be something quite different from what he really is. The moment this is no longer a theory but a vividly felt reality of the soul which enables us to see in man a super-sensible being, we cultivate within us the faculty of perceiving the Christ impulse in our midst, everywhere, and of being able to say with full conviction: do not seek for Him in external manifestation; He is among you everywhere. But mankind would have to develop the belief, modestly and humbly, that it takes a great effort to cultivate the consciousness which, right from the outset, sees in man a super-sensible being. For if we do this only in theory it is of no avail. Only if we really do not believe that what confronts us physically is the real human being, only if we feel this to be an absurdity, have we acquired the state of soul I am referring to.
My dear friends, if you were to go to our building lot outside and collect all kinds of scrap that is lying about there and through clever handling of it were able to hold it in front of you in such a way that a person who met you could not see you but only the scraps of wood or brick—you would not maintain that these scraps of brick and wood are the human being. But the matter is in no way different in regard to the mineral substances with which you confront your fellow-men, arranged in a certain way. Yet you say: these mineral substances—since your physical eyes see them—are the human being! In truth they are only the gesture which points to the real human being.
If we look back into pre-Christian times we shall find that God's Messenger came down to earth, visibly, as it were, revealing and making himself understood to the human being. The greatest Messenger of God Who came down to the earth, the Christ, was at the same time the One Who was able to reveal Himself in the greatest earth event as the last one of those who could reveal themselves without the human beings' assistance. Now we live in the age of the Michael Revelation. It exists like the other revelations. But it does not force itself upon the human being because man has entered his evolution of freedom. We must go out to meet the revelation of Michael, we must prepare ourselves so that he sends into us the strongest forces and we become conscious of the super-sensible in the immediate surroundings of the earth. Do not fail to recognize what this Michael revelation would signify for men of the present and the future if men were to approach it in freedom. Do not fail to recognize that men of today strive for a solution of the social question out of the remnants of ancient states of consciousness.
All the problems that could be solved out of the ancient states of human consciousness have been solved. The earth is on the descending stage of its evolution. The demands which arise today cannot be solved with the thinking of the past. They can only be solved by a mankind with a new soul constitution. It is our task so to direct our activity that it may assist the rise of this new soul constitution in mankind. The fact that human beings cannot free themselves from the concepts which have been fostered for millennia oppresses our souls like a terrible nightmare. We see today how the results of these age-old concepts which are divested of all content and are nothing more than mere word hulls run their course almost automatically. Everywhere there is talk about human ideals. But these ideals have not real content, they are merely sounding words, for mankind needs a new soul constitution. Once upon a time the call resounded to mankind which, translated into our language, says: “Change your thinking, for the time is at hand!” At that time, however, human beings were still able to change their thinking out of their old soul constitution. Now this possibility has ceased; if what at that time was begun will have to be fulfilled today, it must be fulfilled out of a new soul constitution. Michael transmitted to human beings the Yahve-tradition, the Yahve-influence. Since the end of the seventies of last century he is engaged—if we but go to meet him—in transmitting the comprehension of the Christ-Impulse in the true sense of the word. But we must go to meet him. And we do come to meet him if we fulfill two conditions.
In regard to our own soul constitution we can say to ourselves: We have to overcome a certain error. I do not wish to burden you unduly with narrow abstractions and philosophical world conceptions, but I have to draw your attention to such a symptom of modern human evolution as the philosopher Cartesius (Descartes) who lived at the dawn of the modern age. He still knew something of the spiritual which plays through the dying nervous system of man. But he made at the same time the statement: “I think, therefore I am.” That is the opposite of the truth. When we think we are not; for in thinking we have merely the image of reality. Thinking would be of no consequence for us if we would exist within reality with our thinking, if thinking were not merely an image. We must become conscious of the mirror-character of our world of mental images, of our world of thoughts. The moment we become conscious of this mirror character we shall appeal to a different source of reality within us. Of this, Michael wills to speak to us. That means, we must try to recognize our thought world in the mirror-character; then we shall work against the Luciferic evolution. For the latter is greatly interested in pouring substance into our thinking, in trying to delude us with the erroneous belief that thinking is permeated by substance. Thinking contains no substance, but merely image. We shall take substance out of other and deeper levels of our consciousness. That is the one condition. We only need to be conscious that our thoughts make us weak, then we shall appeal to the strength of Michael; for he is to be the spirit who points us to that which is stronger in us than thought, whereas we have learned through modern civilization chiefly to look upon thought, and by doing so have become weak human beings because we have considered thought itself to be something real. We may imagine that we are turning ever so far away from mere abstract intelligence, but this is an illusion; for as modern human beings we are in the bondage of intelligence and do not send out of the deeper levels of our being into thoughts themselves that which ought to be in them.
The second condition is that we introduce into our wishes, and thus into our will, that which results from a reality which we must recognize as super-sensible. The fact that the Mystery of Golgotha in its super-sensible character has not been taken absolutely seriously has had dire consequences. I have often mentioned it here. I have, for instance, drawn your attention to the views of the liberal theologian, Adolf Harnack. There are many such liberal theologians who openly confess: through historical documents there cannot be found any proof of the reality of the Mystery of Golgotha. Indeed, my dear friends, it is impossible to prove historically the existence of the Christ Jesus in the same way it is possible to prove the existence of Caesar or that of Napoleon. Why? Because in the Mystery of Golgotha an event was to be placed before mankind to which it should have only super-sensible access. It was not to have access to it through the senses. In order that mankind might learn, precisely through the Mystery of Golgotha, to raise itself to the super-sensible, there was not to be any external, sensible, historical proof.
We have thus indicated two things toward which we must strive. First, to recognize the super-sensible in the immediate sense world, that is, in the world of man, animal, and plant: this is the Michael path. And its continuation is to find in the world which we ourselves recognize as super-sensible, the Christ impulse.
In describing this to you, I am describing to you at the same time the deepest impulses of the social question. For the abstract League of Nations will not solve the international problem. Such abstractions do not bring the people together all over the earth. But the spirits who lead the human beings into the super-sensible, and of whom we have spoken during these days, will bring people together.
Externally, mankind approaches today serious battles. In regard to these serious battles which are only at their beginning—I have often mentioned it here—and which will lead the old impulses of Earth evolution ad absurdum, there are no political, economical, or spiritual remedies to be taken from the pharmacy of past historical evolution. For from these past times come the elements of fermentation which first, have brought Europe to the brink of the abyss, which will array Asia and America against each other, and which are preparing a battle over the whole earth. This leading ad absurdum of human evolution can be counteracted alone by that which leads men on the path toward the spiritual: the Michael path which finds its continuation in the Christ Path.
Dritter Vortrag
Vorgestern habe ich hier davon gesprochen, wie wir als Mitglieder der Menschheit zunächst einmal in einer Sphäre leben, die wir bezeichnen können als unsere vierte Entwickelungssphäre. Wir wissen, daß die Erdenentwickelung so vor sich gegangen ist, daß dasjenige, was jetzt Erdenentwickelung ist, sich nach und nach herausgestaltet hat aus der Saturnentwickelung, daß daraus die Sonnenentwickelung geworden ist, daraus die Mondenentwickelung, daraus die Erdenentwickelung. Wenn wir nun diese vier aufeinanderfolgenden Gestaltungen des Erdenplaneten, zu dem selbstverständlich die Menschheit als solche gehört, ins Auge fassen, so dürfen wir auf den Menschen nur sehen, insofern der Mensch ein Haupteswesen ist. Wir müssen uns aber auch klar sein darüber, daß, indem wir so sprechen, für uns alles, was wir als Haupt des Menschen bezeichnen, der symbolische Ausdruck ist für dasjenige, was dem menschlichen Sinneswahrnehmen angehört, was der menschlichen Intelligenz angehört, und was wiederum ins soziale Leben überfließt durch die menschliche Sinneswahrnehmung, durch die menschliche Intelligenz. Auch alles das, was der Mensch in seiner Entwickelung durchmacht dadurch, daß er Sinneswahrnehmungswesen ist, dadurch daß er ein intelligentes Wesen ist, alles das müssen wir umfassen. So daß gewissermaßen, wenn ich sage «der Mensch als Haupteswesen», dies bildlich gesprochen ist für all das andere, was ich eben erwähnt habe.
Wir sprechen leichten Herzens davon, daß wir als physische Menschen im Luftkreis drinnen sind. Wir müssen auch einsehen, daß dieser Luftkreis zu uns selber gehört. Denn, nicht wahr, diejenige Luft, die eben jetzt in uns ist, war vor kurzer Zeit noch außer uns. Wir sind als Menschen außerhalb dieses Luftkreises gar nicht denkbar. Aber wir haben uns sogar gewöhnt als moderne Menschheit zu glauben, es wäre auch früher so gewesen — was gar nicht der Fall ist -, von diesen Dingen wie der Luft und dergleichen nur in der modernen Art zu sprechen. Wir finden es heute schon absonderlich, wenn wir davon sprechen, daß wir, ebenso wie wir in der Luft wandeln, in einer Sphäre wandeln, welche gewissermaßen die Bedingungen dazu enthält, daß wir Sinneswesen, daß wir intelligente Wesen sind, kurz, daß wir alles das an uns haben, was in dem eben erwähnten Sinne symbolisch ausgedrückt werden kann dadurch, daß wir Haupteswesen sind. Nun aber habe ich Ihnen gesagt, daß dieses eben nur die eine Sphäre ist, in der wir sind. Wir befinden uns jedoch in verschiedenen Sphären und wollen jetzt zu einer menschheitlich praktischen Sphäre vorschreiten und alles das ins Auge fassen, worin wir dadurch leben, daß unserer Erde drei Entwickelungsstadien vorangegangen sind und wir in dem vierten sind. Das alles wollen wir durch diese Kreisfläche charakterisiert sein lassen, in der wir darinnen leben gewissermaßen als in unserer vierten Entwickelungssphäre (die innere Kreisfläche wird gezeichnet: orange). Außerdem leben wir in einer anderen Entwickelungssphäre dadurch, daß diese Entwickelungssphäre so zu den geistigen Wesenheiten, die unsere Schöpfer sind, gehört, wie diese vierte Entwickelungssphäre zu uns gehört. Sehen wir jetzt zunächst einmal von uns Menschen ab, sehen wir auf diejenigen Wesen, die wir immer genannt haben in der Reihenfolge der über uns stehenden Hierarchien die Geister der Form, die Geister alles schöpferischen Formwesens, so müssen wir so sprechen, daß wir die Sphäre, die wir diesen unseren schöpferisch göttlichen Geistern zuschreiben, als Menschen erst erreichen, wenn die Erde noch drei weitere Entwickelungsstadien, die Sie in meiner «Geheimwissenschaft im Umriß» als Jupiterstadium, Venusstadium, Vulkanstadium bezeichnet finden, durchschritten hat und beim achten Stadium angekommen ist. Da also, wo wir Menschen stehen werden nach der Vulkanentwickelung, stehen diese schöpferischen Geister. Da ist ihre Sphäre, die zu ihnen so gehört, wie die vierte Sphäre zu uns. Aber diese zwei Sphären müssen wir uns ineinandergeschoben, einander durchdringend denken. (Über die erste Kreisfläche wird eine größere gezeichnet: gelb.) Wenn ich also die andere Sphäre, die ich jetzt genannt habe, als die achte bezeichne, so leben wir eben nicht bloß in der vierten, sondern auch in dieser achten Sphäre, dadurch, daß mit uns zusammen unsere göttlichen Schöpfer in dieser Sphäre leben.

Wenn Sie nun diese achte Sphäre ins Auge fassen, dann leben darinnen aber nicht nur unsere göttlichen Schöpfergeister, sondern darinnen leben außerdem die ahrimanischen Wesenheiten. So daß dadurch, daß wir in der Umgebung der achten Sphäre leben, wir zusammen mit unseren von uns als unsere göttlichen Mächte empfundenen Geistern leben, aber auch mit den ahrimanischen Wesenheiten. In der vierten Sphäre leben mit uns, genau gesprochen, die luziferischen Geister. So also steht es gewissermaßen mit der Verteilung dieser geistigen Wesenheiten. Wir können auf diese geistigen Wesenheiten nunmehr eingehen, wenn wir erfassen dasjenige, was mit den entsprechenden Umgebungen dieser Sphären von uns selbst in Verbindung steht.
Da offenbart sich dem Schauen der Initiationswissenschaft zunächst, daß dadurch, daß wir in der vierten Sphäre unserer Entwickelung leben, wir, wie gesagt, wahrnehmende und intelligente Wesen sind. Aber wir dürfen nie vergessen, daß eben in diese Intelligenz, wobei wir immer die Sinneswahrnehmungen mit der Intelligenz zugleich bezeichnen wollen, hereinspielt die luziferische Macht. Diese luziferische Macht ist eigentlich innig verbunden mit der besonderen Art von Intelligenz, die heute noch der Mensch wesentlich als seine eigentliche, ihm zukommende Intelligenz ansieht, mit der er am liebsten als seiner Intelligenz wirtschaftet. Und dennoch, diese Intelligenz ist dem Menschen nur dadurch zugeteilt worden, daß jene höhere Wesenheit, von der ich als der Michael-Wesenheit gesprochen habe, luziferische Geister herabgestoßen hat in die Sphäre der Menschen, in die vierte Sphäre der Menschen, und dadurch in den Menschen der intelligente Impuls eigentlich hineingekommen ist.
Sie können fühlen, was dieser intelligente Impuls in der Menschheit bedeutet, wenn Sie das unpersönliche Element der noch gegenwärtigen menschlichen Intelligenz ins Auge fassen. Nicht wahr, wir Menschen haben viele persönliche Interessen. Wir begegnen einander mit unseren persönlichen Interessen, und in bezug auf unsere persönlichen Interessen sind wir eben individualisiert. Aber diese Individualisierung macht Halt vor der Intelligenz. In bezug auf die Intelligenz, in bezug auf die Logik haben wir, alle Menschen, das Gleiche und rechnen mit diesem Gleichen. Dieses Gleiche hätten wir nicht, wenn nicht der luziferische Einfluß, durch Michael vermittelt, auf die Menschheit ausgeübt worden wäre.
Wir verstehen uns in dieser einfachen Weise nur dadurch, daß wir eine gemeinsame Intelligenz haben, nur dadurch, daß die gemeinsame Intelligenz eben von der luziferischen Geistigkeit herrührt. Nun, diese luziferische Geistigkeit, sie ist entstanden dadurch, daß Michael die Menschen sozusagen durchdrungen, influenziert hat mit der luziferischen Wesenheit. Diese luziferischen Einflüsse, sie haben sich in der menschlichen Geschichtsentwickelung weiter ausgestaltet. Neben ihnen hat sich manches andere im Menschen entwickelt. Aber heute noch immer wird diese luziferische Geistigkeit, die wir unsere Intelligenz nennen, als das den Menschen eigentlich Auszeichnende in weitesten Kreisen empfunden.
Sie müssen, um sich vielleicht die Sache noch klarer zu machen, einmal Ihre Seelenblicke richten auf etwas anderes, was uns Menschen auch sogar über die ganze Erde hin zusammenführen kann, wenn es einmal über die ganze Erde hin sich verbreitet. Das ist der ChristusImpuls. Aber der Christus-Impuls ist etwas anderes als der IntelligenzImpuls. Der Intelligenz-Impuls hat etwas Zwingendes. Sie können nicht die Intelligenz der Menschheit zu Ihrer persönlichen Angelegenheit machen. Sie können nicht plötzlich sich entschließen, irgend etwas, was durch Intelligenz zu entscheiden ist, persönlich zu entscheiden, ohne daß Sie eben herausfallen aus dem sozialen Leben der Menschheit als wahnsinnig. Aber Sie können auf der anderen Seite auch wiederum kein anderes Verhältnis zu dem Christus-Impuls gewinnen, als ein persönliches. Es kann niemand im Grunde genommen dem anderen hineinsprechen in das Verhältnis, in das der andere sich zu Christus versetzen will. Das ist eine persönliche Angelegenheit letzten Endes. Aber dadurch, daß der Christus durch das Mysterium von Golgatha gegangen ist und mit der Erdenentwickelung sich verbunden hat, ist es so, daß, wenn ganz unabhängig voneinander noch so viele Menschen den Christus-Impuls zu ihrem persönlichen machen, so wird er ganz von selber der gleiche. Das heißt: die Menschen werden zusammengeführt durch etwas, was jeder für sich macht, nicht zwangsweise, wie durch die Intelligenz, sondern dadurch, daß eben durch den Christus-Impuls selber sich das Verhältnis in jedem Menschen zu dem Christus so bildet, daß es bei jedem Menschen, indem es sich in der richtigen Weise bildet, dasselbe ist. Das ist der Unterschied zwischen dem Intelligenz-Impuls und dem Christus-Impuls. Der Christus-Impuls kann über die ganze Menschheit hin gleich sein und ist doch für jeden einzelnen eine persönliche Angelegenheit. Die Intelligenz ist nicht eine persönliche Angelegenheit.
Nun, wo hinein ist denn der Christus-Impuls gefallen? Das können wir uns beantworten nach Andeutungen, die ich schon gegeben habe. Wir wissen, die Kopfentwickelung ist schon eine rückschreitende, eine rückläufige. In bezug auf sein Haupt ist der Mensch gewissermaßen in einem fortwährenden Absterben drinnen. So daß wir also auf die kosmische Tatsache hinweisen können: Michael hat die luziferischen Scharen in das Reich der Menschheit heruntergestoßen. Die luziferischen Scharen haben so zu ihrem Wohnsitz das menschliche Haupt bekommen, aber das menschliche Haupt im absterbenden Charakter.
Hier begannen sie, diese luziferischen Scharen, fortdauernd gegen das Absterben des menschlichen Hauptes anzukämpfen. Und hier berühren wir ein zwar altbekanntes, in den verschiedensten Formen bekanntes, aber der neueren Menschheit fast ganz verhülltes Geheimnis der Menschennatur. Der Mensch trägt, wenn man seine göttliche Entwickelung ins Auge faßt, in seinem Haupt eine absterbende Entwickelung, ein fortwährendes Ersterben. Aber diesem fortwährenden Ersterben geht ein Anfachen des Lebens von seiten Luzifers parallel. Fortwährend will Luzifer unser Haupt zu einem so lebendigen machen, wie unser übriger Organismus ein lebendiger ist. Dadurch würde, wenn man auf das Organische sieht, Luzifer abtrünnig machen die Menschheitsentwickelung von ihrer göttlichen Richtung, wenn es ihm gelänge, tatsächlich das menschliche Haupt so zu beleben, wie der übrige Organismus des Menschen belebt ist.
Aber dagegen eben muß die göttliche Richtung der menschlichen Entwickelung sich wenden. Denn der Mensch muß verbunden bleiben mit der Erdenentwickelung, damit er mit der folgenden Erdenentwikkelung durch die Jupiter-, Venus- und Vulkanentwickelung weitergehen könne. Der Mensch würde diesen Weg, der ihm vorgezeichnet ist, nicht gehen, sondern er würde einem Kosmos einverleibt werden, der durch und durch intelligent wäre, wenn Luzifer sein Ziel erreichen würde.
Ich möchte sagen, physiologisch gesprochen ist es eben so, daß Luzifer fortwährend in uns so tätig ist, daß er uns die Lebenskräfte, die das Haupt des Menschen durchdringen wollen, heraufsendet aus unserem übrigen Organismus. Seelisch gesprochen, will Luzifer fortwährend unserem Intelligenzinhalte, der ja nur Gedanken umschließt, Bilder umschließt, einen substantiellen Inhalt geben. Luzifer hat fortwährend die Tendenz - ich spreche dasselbe, was ich vorhin physisch gesprochen habe, jetzt seelisch —, Luzifer hat fortwährend die Tendenz, wenn wir formen, im Geiste ein Bild formen, irgend etwas, was meinetwillen künstlerische Gestaltung ist, dem einen wirklichen substantiellen Gehalt zu geben, also unsere Gedankeninhalte, unsere Vorstellungsinhalte zu durchdringen mit der gewöhnlichen irdischen Wirklichkeit. Dadurch würde er dasjenige erreichen, daß wir als Menschen verließen die andere Wirklichkeit und in eine Gedankenwirklichkeit überfliegen würden, die dann eine Realität wäre, nicht bloße Gedanken wäre. Diese Tendenz ist fortwährend mit unserem Menschenwesen verbunden, daß unsere Phantasien Wirklichkeiten werden sollen, und die größtdenkbaren Anstrengungen werden gemacht, damit die menschlichen Phantasien Wirklichkeiten werden können.
Nun hängt aber alles dasjenige, was es in der Menschheit gibt an inneren Krankheitsursachen, mit dieser luziferischen Tendenz zusammen. Das Durchschauen der Arbeit Luzifers in dieser Beziehung, des Hineinpressens von Vitalitätskräften in die absterbenden Kräfte des menschlichen Hauptes, das bedeutet in Wahrheit letzten Endes die Diagnose sämtlicher innerer Krankheiten. Und naturwissenschaftlich-medizinische Entwickelung muß dahin gehen, auf dieses luziferische Element zuletzt die Erkenntnis aufzubauen. Dies, einen solchen Einschlag zu geben, gehört zu den Tendenzen des in unsere menschliche Entwickelung hereinbrechenden Michael-Einflusses.
Umgekehrt ist der ahrimanische Einfluß da. Er macht sich zunächst geltend aus der achten Sphäre heraus, aus der geschaffen ist unser übriger Organismus — außer dem Haupte -, der ist voller Vitalität, er ist durch seine eigene Organisation für die Vitalität geschaffen. Da hinein wirken nun die ahrimanischen Mächte. Die sind umgekehrt bestrebt, in die Vitalitätskräfte des übrigen Organismus hineinzusenden die Todeskräfte, die eigentlich der göttlichen Entwickelung nach in das Haupt gehören. So daß wir aus der achten Sphäre heraus die Kräfte des Todes in dieser Weise durch den Umweg des Ahriman vermittelt erhalten. Das ist wiederum physisch gesprochen.
Seelisch gesprochen müßte ich mich so ausdrücken: Es wirkt alles dasjenige, was aus dieser achten Sphäre hereinwirkt, auf den menschlichen Willen, nicht auf die Intelligenz. Aber dem menschlichen Willen liegt der Wunsch zugrunde; in dem Willen steckt immer etwas vom Wünschen. Dasjenige, was als Wunschnatur zugrunde liegt dem Wollen, in das versucht fortwährend Ahriman hineinzubringen das persönliche Element des Menschen. Und dadurch, daß in der Wunschnatur das persönliche Element des Menschen verborgen liegt, dadurch ist unsere menschliche Seelen-Willenstätigkeit eben ein Abdruck unseres Entgegengehens dem Tode. Statt daß wir uns von den göttlichen Idealen durchdringen lassen, diese hineindringen lassen in unser Wünschen und dadurch in unseren Willen, wird etwas Persönliches in unser Wünschen, in unsern Willen hineingebracht.
So sind wir wirklich in dem Gleichgewichtszustande zwischen dem luziferischen und dem ahrimanischen Elemente. Das luziferisch-ahrimanische Element überliefert uns Krankheit und Tod im Physischen, im Seelischen entwickelt es uns all dasjenige, was als Täuschung auftritt dadurch, daß wir das eine oder das andere, was nur der Gedankenwelt, Vorstellungswelt, Phantasiewelt angehört, als eine Wirklichkeit ansehen. In bezug auf das geistige Element ferner dringt gerade die Begierde des Egoismus auf diesem Wege in unser Menschenwesen ein. Nun, so sehen wir verbunden mit der Menschennatur diese Dualität Luzifer-Ahriman. Und wie sich die moderne zivilisierte Menschheit über diese Dualität täuscht, täuschen kann, das habe ich Ihnen an Miltons «Verlorenem Paradies», an Klopstocks «Messias» und an Goethes «Faust» erläutert. Nun handelt es sich darum, daß wir als Menschheit in der Erdenentwickelung an einem Punkt angelangt sind, der sich dadurch charakterisieren läßt, daß wir gewissermaßen die Mitte der Erdenentwickelung schon überschritten haben. Nicht wahr, die Sache ist so (es wird gezeichnet): Die Erdenentwickelung war zunächst eine ansteigende, erreichte einen Höhepunkt, ist seit jener Zeit eine absteigende. Aus gewissen Gründen, die wir heute nicht zu erörtern brauchen, war eine Art von gleichbleibendem Niveau bis in die griechisch-lateinische Zeit, bis in das 15. Jahrhundert herein. Seit jener Zeit ist aber die Erdenmenschheitsentwickelung eine wirklich absteigende.

Die physische Erdenentwickelung ist schon viel länger eine absteigende. Schon in der Zeit, die unserer letzten Eiszeit vorangegangen ist, also vor der atlantischen Katastrophe, begann die absteigende Erdenentwickelung in physischer Beziehung. Das ist etwas, was man heute nicht als Anthroposoph den Leuten zu sagen braucht, das ist etwas, was die Geologie bereits weiß, wie ich öfter erwähnt habe, daß, indem wir heute über die Erdschollen hinüberschreiten, an zahlreichen Erdenstellen wir bereits die absteigende Erdenrinde zu überschreiten haben. Sie brauchen nur in besseren Geologien die Beschreibungen der Erdenentwickelung nachzulesen, so werden Sie das auch heute schon als das Ergebnis der physischen Wissenschaft konstatieren können, daß die Erde auf der absteigenden Stufe ihrer Entwickelung ist. Aber auch dasjenige, was in uns Menschen west, das ist auch in absteigender Entwickelung. Wir haben nicht mehr zu rechnen darauf als Menschen, daß uns aus unserer Leibesentwickelung herauf noch irgendein Aufschwung kommt. Wir müssen den Aufschwung ergreifen dadurch, daß wir auf den Menschen hinschauen lernen in dem, wodurch er aus der Erdenentwickelung hinaus zu den folgenden Gestalten der Erdenentwickelung führt. Wir müssen lernen auf den Zukunftsmenschen schauen. Das heißt michaelisch denken. Ich will Ihnen genauer charakterisieren, was michaelisch denken heißt.
Wenn Sie heute Ihrem Nebenmenschen gegenübertreten, so treten Sie ihm eigentlich mit einem ganz materialistischen Bewußtsein gegenüber. Sie sagen sich, wenn Sie dieses auch nicht laut, nicht einmal im Gedanken sagen, aber Sie sagen es sich eigentlich in den intimeren Gründen Ihres Bewußtseins: Das ist ein Mensch aus Fleisch und Blut, das ist ein Mensch aus Erdenstoffen. Sie sagen sich das auch beim Tiere, Sie sagen sich das auch bei der Pflanze. Aber das, was Sie sich da Mensch, Tier, Pflanze gegenüber sagen, sagen Sie sich mit Recht nur dem Mineral gegenüber, nur der mineralischen Wesenheit gegenüber. Fassen wir gleich den extremsten Fall, den Menschen, auf. Nehmen wir, so wie er durch die äußere Erscheinung formiert ist, den Menschen zunächst in bezug auf seine äußere Gestalt. (Es wird gezeichnet): Das, was er so als seine äußere Gestalt ist, das sehen Sie gar nicht in Wirklichkeit, dem treten Sie gar nicht mit Ihrem physischen Wahrnehmungsvermögen entgegen, sondern das ist ausgefüllt, sogar zu mehr als neunzig Prozent, mit Flüssigkeit, mit Wasser. Und das, was da als Mineralisches ausfüllt die Gestalt, das sehen Sie mit Ihren physischen Augen. Was der Mensch von der äußeren mineralischen Welt mit sich vereinigt, das sehen Sie.

Den Menschen, der das vereinigt, den sehen Sie nicht. Sie reden nur richtig, wenn Sie sich sagen: Dasjenige, was da vor mir steht, das sind die Stoffpartikelchen, die die menschliche Geistgestalt in sich aufspeichert, das macht mir das Unsichtbare, was da vor mir steht, sichtbar. — Der Mensch ist unsichtbar, richtig unsichtbar. Sie alle sind hier, wie Sie hier sitzen, unsichtbar für physische Sinne. Nur sitzen so und so viele Gestalten da, die haben durch eine gewisse innere Anziehungskraft Stoffpartikelchen so angesammelt (es wird gezeichnet): Die sieht man, diese Stoffpartikelchen. Man sieht nur Mineralisches. Die wirklichen Menschen, die hier sitzen, sind unsichtbar, sind übersinnlich. Daß man sich mit vollem Bewußtsein in jedem Augenblick seines wachen Lebens so etwas sagt, das macht die michaelische Denkweise aus, daß man aufhört, den Menschen anzuschauen als dieses Konglomerat von mineralischen Partikelchen, die er nur in einer gewissen Weise anordnet. Die Tiere tun es auch, die Pflanzen tun es auch, nur die Mineralien tun es nicht. Daß man sich dessen bewußt wird: Wir wandeln unter unsichtbaren Menschen — das heißt michaelisch denken.

Wir sprechen von ahrimanischen Wesenheiten und von luziferischen Wesenheiten, wir sprechen von den Wesenheiten der Hierarchie der Angeloi, Archangeloi, Archai und so weiter. Das sind unsichtbare Wesenheiten. Wir lernen sie erkennen an ihren Wirkungen. Wir haben viele von diesen Wirkungen besprochen, auch jetzt in diesen Tagen wiederum. Wir lernen diese Wesenheiten erkennen aus dem, was sie tun. Ja, ist es denn mit den Menschen anders? Wir lernen den Menschen, der unsichtbar ist, hier in der physischen Welt dadurch kennen, daß er mineralische Partikelchen in einer menschenähnlichen Form so anordnet, so übereinanderlagert. Das ist aber nur eine Tätigkeit, eine Wirkung des Menschenwesens. Daß wir auf eine andere Weise uns die Wirkungen von Ahriman und Luzifer, die Wirkungen von Angeloi, Archangeloi, Archai und so weiter klarmachen müssen, das heißt eben nur, diese Wesenheiten auf eine andere Art kennenlernen. Aber in bezug darauf, daß diese Wesenheiten übersinnlich sind, unterscheiden sie sich von uns gar nicht, wenn wir nur mit Vernunft an das herangehen, was Menschenwesen ist.
Sehen Sie, das ist michaelisch denken: einzusehen, daß wir uns im Wesen ja gar nicht unterscheiden von den übersinnlichen Wesenheiten. Die Menschheit konnte ohne dieses Bewußtsein auskommen, als ihr noch die Minerale etwas gaben. Aber seit die mineralische Welt in absteigender Entwickelung ist, ist der Mensch angewiesen, hineinzuwachsen in eine geistige Auffassung seiner selbst und der Welt. Daß wir die innere Kraft finden können, daß wir wirklich nicht mit dem Bewußtsein durch die Welt zu gehen brauchen, diese regelmäßige Stoffpartikelchen-Anhäufung sei der Mensch, sondern der Mensch sei ein übersinnliches Wesen, diese Stoffpartikelchen deuteten uns nur hin mit einer Gebärde der äußeren mineralischen Welt: da ist ein Mensch - die Kraft, solches Bewußtsein zu entwickeln, die kann der Mensch haben seit den siebziger Jahren des 19. Jahrhunderts, die kann er in höherem Maße haben. Und nur wegen der ahrimanischen Einflüsse, wie ich sie charakterisiert habe vor acht Tagen hier, wehrt der Mensch dieses innere Bewußtsein zurück, will er an dieses innere Bewußtsein nicht herantreten. Eins hängt mit dem anderen zusammen im Menschenleben. Und:so wie wir unter dem Irrwahn herumgehen, der Mensch sei ein sinnliches Wesen, nicht ein übersinnliches Wesen, so gehen wir unter anderen Irrwahnen herum. Wir sprechen von Entwickelung und denken immer, nun, das geht so hintereinander vorwärts, immer weiter und weiter. Sie wissen, das war nicht möglich, eine solche Entwickelung künstlerisch zu gestalten an unserem Bau. Als ich die Kapitäle ausgestaltete, da mußte ich das erste, zweite, dritte Kapitäl in aufsteigender Entwickelung zeigen, das vierte steht in der Mitte, das fünfte steht in absteigender Entwickelung, das sechste ist wieder einfacher, das siebente am einfachsten wieder. Da mußte ich zu der aufsteigenden Entwickelung die absteigende Entwickelung hinzufügen.
Die haben wir tatsächlich in unserem Haupte. Während unser übriger Organismus noch in einer aufsteigenden Entwickelung ist, befindet sich unser Haupt bereits in absteigender Entwickelung. Dann, wenn man glaubt, Entwickelung läge nur im Aufsteigen vor, dann entfernt man sich von der wahren Wirklichkeit, dann redet man so, wie Haeckel unter gewissem Irrwahn-Einfluß geredet hat: erst einfache Wesen, dann Weiterentwickelung, wieder kompliziertere Wesen und so weiter ins Unendliche fort, immer komplizierter, immer vollkommener. Das ist Unsinn. Jede Entwickelung, die vorwärtsschreitet, tritt auch wiederum den Rückweg an. Alles Aufsteigen wird gefolgt von einem Absteigen, und alles Aufsteigen trägt schon die Anlage zum Absteigen in sich. Das gehört zu den verfänglichsten Täuschungen der neueren Menschheit, daß dieser neueren Menschheit abhandengekommen ist der Zusammenhang zwischen Evolution und Devolution, Entwickelung und wiederum rückläufigem Werden. Denn wo aufsteigende Entwickelung ist, da muß sich die Anlage zu rückläufiger Entwickelung ergeben. Dann geht in dem Momente, wo eine aufsteigende Entwickelung anfängt rückläufig zu werden, das Physische in die geistige Entwickelung hinein. Denn sobald das Physische beginnt rückläufig zu werden, ist für eine geistige Entwickelung Platz. In unserem Haupte ist für eine geistige Entwickelung Platz, weil eine physisch rückläufige Entwickelung da ist. Wir werden aber nicht früher das Menschenwesen und damit die übrige Welt durchschauen, bevor wir in die Lage kommen, die Dinge im rechten Lichte zu sehen, also unsere Intelligenz wirklich in den Zusammenhang mit der luziferischen Entwickelung zu bringen, so wie ich es dargestellt habe. Denn dann werden wir diese Dinge in der richtigen Weise bewerten und werden wissen, daß unsere Intelligenz einen Einschlag braucht, wenn sie tatsächlich den Menschen an sein Ziel bringen soll. Es muß Luzifer verhindert werden durch das Christus-Prinzip, den Menschen abtrünnig zu machen von seiner ihm vorbestimmten göttlichen Richtung.
Ich sagte schon, eins hängt mit dem anderen zusammen. Sehen Sie, der Mensch ist unter dem Einflusse desselben Irrwahns, der den göttlichen Mächten gewisse luziferische Eigenschaften beigelegt hat, heute geneigt, einseitig in der Darstellung des Schönen zum Beispiel ein Ideal zu sehen. Gewiß, man kann das Schöne als solches darstellen. Aber man muß sich bewußt sein: Würde man sich nur an das Schöne hingeben als Mensch, dann würde man in sich kultivieren diejenigen Kräfte, die in das luziferische Fahrwasser hineinführen. Denn in der wirklichen Welt ist ebensowenig wie die einseitige Entwickelung — zu der die rückläufige gehört, zu der Evolution die Devolution - einseitig vorhanden das bloße Schöne. Das bloße Schöne, verwendet von Luzifer, um die Menschen zu fesseln, zu blenden, würde gerade die Menschheit frei machen von der Erdenentwickelung und sie nicht mit der Erdenentwickelung zusammenhalten. In der Wirklichkeit haben wir, so wie mit einem Ineinanderspiel von Evolution und Devolution, es zu tun mit einem Ineinanderspielen, und zwar einem harten Kampfe der Schönheit gegen die Häßlichkeit. Und wollen wir Kunst wirklich fassen, so dürfen wir niemals vergessen, daß das letzte Künstlerische in der Welt das Ineinanderspielen, das Im-Kampfe-Zeigen des Schönen mit dem Häßlichen sein muß. Denn allein dadurch, daß wir hinblicken auf den Gleichgewichtszustand zwischen dem Schönen und dem Häßlichen, stehen wir in der Wirklichkeit darinnen, nicht einseitig in einer nicht zu uns gehörigen Wirklichkeit, die aber mit uns erstrebt wird in der luziferischen, in der ahrimanischen Wirklichkeit. Es ist sehr notwendig, daß solche Ideen, wie ich sie eben geäußert habe, in die menschliche Kulturentwickelung einziehen. In Griechenland — Sie wissen, mit welchem Enthusiasmus ich von dieser Stelle aus oftmals über die griechische Bildung gesprochen habe -, da konnte man sich einseitig der Schönheit widmen, denn da war noch nicht die Menschheit von der absteigenden Erdenentwickelung ergriffen, wenigstens nicht im Griechenvolke, Seit jener Zeit aber darf der Mensch den Luxus sich nicht mehr gönnen, etwa bloß das Schöne zu kultivieren. Das würde Flucht aus der Wirklichkeit sein. Er muß sich kühn und tapfer gegenüberstellen dem realen Kampfe zwischen Schönem und Häßlichem. Er muß die Dissonanzen im Kampfesspiel mit den Konsonanzen in der Welt empfinden können, mitfühlen, miterleben können.
Dadurch kommt Stärke in die Menschheitsentwickelung, und von dieser Stärke kommt auch die Möglichkeit, jene innere Bewußtseinsverfassung zu haben, die uns nun wirklich über die Täuschung hinweghebt, der Mensch bestehe ja in seinem wahren Wesen in den übereinandergetürmten Stoffen, mineralischen Stoffpartikelchen, die er nur in sich zusammengezogen hat. Heute könnte man eigentlich schon physisch sagen, daß der Mensch wahrhaftig in seiner Wesenheit gar nicht das Kennzeichen trägt für die mineralische Natur, die äußerlich physische Natur. Das äußere Mineral ist schwer. Aber dasjenige, was uns zum Beispiel befähigt, Seelisches zu entwickeln — ich sage jetzt nicht das Intelligente -, das ist nicht an die Schwere gebunden, sondern an das Gegenteil der Schwere, an dasjenige, was man den Auftrieb der Flüssigkeit nennt. Ich habe es Ihnen ja dargestellt bei anderen Gelegenheiten, wie unser Gehirn im Gehirnwasser schwimmt. Wenn es da nicht schwimmen würde, so würden die darin liegenden Blutäderchen erdrückt. Als Archimedes einmal im Bade war, da fand er, daß er leichter würde, und war so erfreut, daß er damals sein Heureka rief. Sie haben ja das alles in der Physik gelernt. Wir leben also nicht vom Heruntergezogenwerden seelisch, sondern wir leben vom Hinaufgezogenwerden. Nicht dadurch, daß unser Gehirn schwer ist, sondern daß unser Gehirn durch sein Schwimmen in der Gehirnflüssigkeit leichter ist, dadurch leben wir eigentlich seelisch. Wir leben durch dasjenige, was uns von der Erde wegzieht. Das kann man heute sogar schon physisch sagen.
Worauf ich aber hindeuten wollte in diesen drei Tagen, das war und ist, daß wir gegenüber dem modernen Leben brauchen eine Seelenverfassung, die sich wirklich in jedem Momente des tagwachen Lebens bewußt ist des Übersinnlichen in der unmittelbaren Umgebung, die sich nicht der Täuschung hingibt, die Menschen sehe man für wirklich an, weil man sie sieht und die Geister sieht man nicht für wirklich an, weil man sie nicht sieht. Man sieht in Wahrheit die Menschen auch nicht. Gerade das ist die Täuschung, daß man glaubt, man sähe sie. Wir unterscheiden uns gar nicht von den Wesen der höheren Hierarchien. Zu lernen, die Gleichartigkeit aufzufassen zwischen den Wesen der höheren Hierarchien und uns selbst, sogar den Tieren und den Pflanzen, das ist die Aufgabe, die der modernen Menschheit gestellt ist.
Wir reden davon, daß durch das Mysterium von Golgatha der Christus-Impuls in die Erdenentwickelung, zunächst in die Menschheitsentwickelung eingezogen ist, mit ihr nun verbunden ist. Die Leute sagen, sie sehen ihn nicht. Ja, sie können ihn solange nicht sehen, solange sie sich über den Menschen selber täuschen, solange sie etwas ganz anderes als den Menschen anschauen, als der Mensch wirklich ist. In dem Augenblicke, wo das nicht eine Theorie ist, sondern lebendig empfundene Wirklichkeit der Seele ist, die uns befähigt, in dem Menschen ein Übersinnliches zu sehen, in dem Augenblicke erziehen wir in uns die Fähigkeit, den Christus-Impuls mitten unter uns überall wahrzunehmen, aus unserer Überzeugung heraus überall sagen zu können: Sucht ihn nicht durch äußere Gebärde, er ist überall unter euch. -— Aber die Menschheit müßte auch die Bescheidenheit und Demut entwickeln, daran zu glauben, daß zu dem Heranerziehen eines solchen Bewußtseins, das im Menschen von vornherein überall ein übersinnliches Wesen sieht, wirklich etwas gehört. Wenn man sich es theoretisch sagen kann, so ist damit eben noch nichts getan. Erst wenn man wirklich nicht glaubt, es empfindungsgemäß als eine Absurdität ansieht, daß dasjenige, was einem da begegnet, der wirkliche Mensch ist, erst dann ist man in der Seelenverfassung drinnen, die ich eigentlich meine.
Wenn Sie imstande wären, da hinauszugehen auf den Bauplatz, um so viel zusammenzuraffen von allerlei Dingen, die da liegen, daß Sie das durch geschickte Handhabung so vor sich hinhalten könnten, daß der, der Ihnen begegnet, nichts von Ihnen sehen würde, sondern Ziegeltrümmer, Holztrümmer und so weiter: Sie würden nicht sagen, diese Ziegeltrümmer und Holztrümmer, die in einer gewissen Form angeordnet sind, die seien der Mensch. Aber etwas anderes machen Sie mit den mineralischen Stoffen auch nicht, die Sie in einer gewissen Anordnung Ihren Mitmenschen entgegentragen. Sie sagen doch, diese mineralischen Stoffe, weil Ihre physischen Augen sie sehen, das sei der Mensch. In Wahrheit ist das nur die Gebärde, die auf den wahren Menschen hindeutet.
Wenn wir zurückblicken in vorchristliche Zeiten, dann werden wir finden, daß sichtbarlich, ich möchte sagen, Gottes Boten auf die Erde herabkamen und sich dem Menschen offenbarten, dem Menschen sich begreiflich machten. Der größte auf die Erde herabkommende Gottesbote, der Christus, war auch zu gleicher Zeit derjenige, der am letzten ohne des Menschen Zutun in dem größten Erdenereignis sich offenbaren konnte. Jetzt leben wir in der Zeit der Michael-Offenbarung. Die ist ebenso da wie die anderen Offenbarungen. Aber sie drängt sich dem Menschen nicht mehr auf, weil der Mensch in seine Freiheitsentwickelung eingetreten ist. Wir müssen der Offenbarung des Michael entgegenkommen, wir müssen uns vorbereiten, so daß er in uns die stärksten Kräfte hereinsendet, daß wir des Übersinnlichen in der unmittelbaren Erdenumgebung uns bewußt sind. Verkennen Sie nicht, was in dieser Michael-Offenbarung, wenn die Menschen sich durch Freiheit ihr nähern würden, für die Menschen der Gegenwart und der nächsten Zukunft gegeben wäre. Verkennen Sie nicht, daß heute die Menschen aus den Überresten alter Bewußtseinszustände nach Lösung der sozialen Frage streben. Alles dasjenige, was aus alten Bewußtseinszuständen der Menschheit hat gelöst werden können, das ist gelöst. Die Erde ist im absteigenden Aste ihrer Entwickelung. Mit jenem Nachdenken, das vom Alten heraufgekommen ist, werden die Forderungen, die heute auftauchen, nicht gelöst. Die werden allein gelöst bei einer Menschheit mit einer neuen Seelenverfassung. Die Aufgabe, die wir haben, die ist diese: dazu zu wirken, daß diese neue Seelenverfassung unter die Menschen kommt. Wir sehen es heute, ich möchte sagen, als etwas, was wie ein furchtbarer Alp auf unsere Seele drückt, daß die Menschen nicht heraus können aus den Vorstellungen, die Jahrtausendelang gepflegt worden sind. Wir sehen heute, wie fast automatisch ablaufen die Ergebnisse dieser jahrtausendealten Vorstellungen, die schon alles Inhalts entkleidet worden sind und im Grunde genommen nur mehr die Worthülsen enthalten. Es wird geredet allüberall unter uns von menschlichen Idealen. Dasjenige, was wirklich in diesen Idealen steckt, ist nichts, es sind nur Wortklänge, denn die Menschheit braucht eine neue Seelenverfassung. Es erklang einmal ein Ruf in die Menschheit herein, den wir in unsere Sprache übersetzen: Ändert den Sinn, denn die Zeit ist nahe herbeigekommen! — Aber dazumal konnten die Menschen noch aus den alten Seelenverfassungen heraus den Sinn ändern. Jetzt ist diese Möglichkeit abgelaufen, jetzt muß, wenn das erfüllt werden soll, was dazumal verlangt worden ist, es aus einer neuen Seelenverfassung heraus erfüllt werden. Michael hat die Jahve-Überlieferung, den Jahve-Einfluß den Menschen vermittelt. Seit dem Ende der siebziger Jahre des vorigen Jahrhunderts ist er daran, wenn wir ihm nur entgegengehen, das Verständnis für den Christus-Impuls im wahren Sinne des Wortes zu vermitteln. Aber wir müssen ihm entgegengehen. Und wir gehen ihm entgegen, wenn wir zweierlei erfüllen.
In bezug auf unsere eigene Seelenverfassung können wir uns sagen: Wir müssen von einem gewissen Irrtum zurückkommen. Ich möchte Sie nicht allzu sehr belasten mit engen Abstraktionen, philosophischen Weltanschauungen, aber auf das muß ich Sie doch aufmerksam machen, weil es ein Symptom für die neuere Menschheitsentwickelung ist, daß in der Morgenröte der neueren Zeit zum Beispiel ein solcher Philosoph wie Cartesins gelebt hat. Er hat noch etwas gewußt von dem Geistigen, das zum Beispiel durch das absterbende menschliche Nervensystem spielt. Aber er hat zu gleicher Zeit den Satz ausgesprochen: Ich denke, also bin ich. -— Das ist das Gegenteil von der Wahrheit. Indem wir denken, sind wir nicht, denn im Denken haben wir nur das Bild des Wirklichen. Wir hätten vom Denken nichts, wenn wir mit dem Denken in der Wirklichkeit darinnen steckten, wenn das Denken nicht bloß ein Spiegelbild wäre. Wir müssen uns bewußt werden des Spiegelcharakters unserer Vorstellungswelt, des Spiegelcharakters unserer Gedankenwelt. In dem Augenblicke, wo wir uns dieses Spiegelcharakters bewußt werden, werden wir appellieren an einen anderen Quell der Wirklichkeit in uns. Von diesem will uns Michael sprechen. Das heißt, wir müssen versuchen, unsere Gedankenwelt in ihrem Spiegelungscharakter zu erkennen, dann werden wir der luziferischen Entwickelung entgegenarbeiten. Denn die hat alles Interesse daran, Substanz hineinzugießen, und den trügerischen Schein vorzuspiegeln, als ob Substanz in unserem Denken wäre. Es ist nicht Substanz, es ist bloß Bild darinnen. Wir werden die Substanz aus etwas anderem holen, aus tieferen Schichten unseres Bewußtseins. Das ist das eine. Wir brauchen nur das Bewußtsein, daß unsere Gedanken uns schwach machen, dann werden wir an die Stärke des Michael appellieren, denn der soll der Geist sein, der uns auf dasjenige in uns weist, was stärker ist in uns als der Gedanke, während wir gelernt haben durch die neuere Zivilisation, vorzugsweise auf den Gedanken zu sehen und dadurch schwache Menschen geworden sind, weil wir den Gedanken selbst für etwas Wirkliches gehalten haben. Wenn wir auch noch so von der bloßen abstrakten Intelligenz uns wegwenden, wir tun es nur zum Scheine, wir sind unter der furchtbaren Sklavenknute der Intelligenz als moderne Menschen und senden nicht aus den tieferen Schichten unseres Wesens hinein in die Gedanken selber dasjenige, was drinnen sein soll.
Das zweite ist, daß wir in unsere Wünsche und damit in unseren Willen dasjenige hineinbringen, was lediglich aus einer solchen Realität folgt, die wir als übersinnliche erkennen müssen. Das habe ich ja des öfteren hier erwähnt, daß sich das nicht völlig Ernstnehmen des übersinnlichen Charakters des Mysteriums von Golgatha bitter gerächt hat. Ich habe Sie aufmerksam gemacht auf solch eine Anschauung, wie zum Beispiel die des liberalen Theologen Adolf Harnack. Solche liberalen Theologen gibt es viele, die ruhig eingestehen: Aus historischen Dokumenten heraus ist kein Beweis für die Realität des Mysteriums von Golgatha zu finden. Ja, in derselben Art historisch zu beweisen, wie zu beweisen ist das Dasein des Cäsar oder das Dasein des Napoleon, in derselben Art historisch zu beweisen ist das Dasein des Christus Jesus nicht. Warum? Weil in dem Mysterium von Golgatha ein Ereignis hingestellt werden sollte vor die Menschen, zu dem die Menschheit nur einen übersinnlichen Zugang haben soll. Sie sollte gar keinen sinnlichen Zugang haben. Damit die Menschheit gerade durch das Mysterium von Golgatha lerne, zum Übersinnlichen sich zu erheben, deshalb sollte es keinen sinnlichen, keinen äußerlich sinnlich historischen Beweis geben.
Damit aber ist uns auf zweierlei hingedeutet, dem wir entgegengehen müssen. Zuerst erkennen in der unmittelbaren Sinneswelt, also in der Menschen-, Tier- und Pflanzenwelt das Übersinnliche, das ist der Michaels-Weg. Und seine Fortsetzung: in dieser Welt, die wir so selber als eine übersinnliche erkennen, den Christus-Impuls darinnen zu finden.
Indem ich Ihnen dieses schildere, schildere ich Ihnen zu gleicher Zeit die tiefsten Impulse der sozialen Frage. Denn der abstrakte Völkerbund, er wird das internationale Problem nicht lösen. Mit diesen Abstraktionen bringt man die Menschen über die Erde hin nicht zusammen. Aber die Geister, die die Menschen ins Übersinnliche führen, und von denen wir in diesen Tagen gesprochen haben, die werden die Menschen zusammenbringen.
Äußerlich geht heute die Menschheit schweren Kämpfen entgegen. Und es wird gegenüber diesen schweren Kämpfen, an deren Anfang wir erst stehen — ich habe das oftmals hier erwähnt — und die die alten Impulse der Erdenentwickelung ad absurdum führen, keine politischen, ökonomischen oder geistigen Heilmittel geben, die aus der Apotheke der alten geschichtlichen Entwickelung heraus genommen sind. Aus dem, was von alten Zeiten kommt, stammen die Fermente, welche zunächst Europa an den Anfang seines Abgrundes gestellt haben, welche Asien und Amerika gegeneinander bringen werden, welche vorbereiten werden einen Kampf über die ganze Erde hin. Entgegenwirken kann diesem ad-absurdum-Führen der menschlichen Entwickelung einzig und allein dasjenige, was die Menschen auf den Weg zum Geistigen hinführt: der Michaels-Weg, der seine Fortsetzung in dem Christus-Weg findet.
Third Lecture
The day before yesterday, I spoke here about how we, as members of humanity, live first of all in a sphere that we can call our fourth sphere of development. We know that the evolution of the Earth has proceeded in such a way that what we now call Earth evolution gradually emerged from Saturn evolution, which in turn gave rise to Sun evolution, then Moon evolution, and finally Earth evolution. If we now consider these four successive forms of the Earth planet, to which humanity as such naturally belongs, we can only look at human beings insofar as they are head beings. But we must also be clear that when we speak in this way, everything we call the head of the human being is the symbolic expression of what belongs to human sense perception, what belongs to human intelligence, and what in turn flows over into social life through human sense perception, through human intelligence. We must also include everything that human beings go through in their development as beings of sensory perception, as intelligent beings. So that, in a sense, when I say “human beings as head beings,” this is figurative language for everything else I have just mentioned.
We speak lightly of the fact that we, as physical human beings, are inside the sphere of air. We must also realize that this sphere of air belongs to us. For, is it not true that the air that is inside us right now was outside us just a short time ago? As human beings, we are inconceivable outside this sphere of air. But we have even become accustomed, as modern human beings, to believe that it was always so in the past — which is not the case at all — to speak of things such as air and the like only in the modern way. Today we find it strange to say that, just as we walk in the air, we walk in a sphere which, in a sense, contains the conditions that enable us to be sentient beings, intelligent beings, in short, to have everything that can be symbolically expressed in the sense just mentioned by being head beings. But now I have told you that this is only one sphere in which we are. We are, however, in different spheres, and we now want to advance to a sphere that is practical for humanity and consider everything in which we live because our Earth has gone through three stages of development and we are in the fourth. We want all this to be characterized by this circular surface, in which we live, as it were, in our fourth sphere of development (the inner circular surface is drawn in orange). Furthermore, we live in another sphere of development in that this sphere of development belongs to the spiritual beings who are our creators, just as this fourth sphere of development belongs to us. Let us now first look away from ourselves as human beings and look at those beings whom we have always called, in the order of the hierarchies above us, the spirits of form, the spirits of all creative form beings, we must say that we as human beings will only reach the sphere we attribute to these creative divine spirits when the earth has passed through three further stages of development, which you will find described in my “Outline of Secret Science” as the Jupiter stage, the Venus stage, and the Vulcan stage, and has arrived at the eighth stage. So where we humans will be after the Vulcan evolution, there these creative spirits will be. There is their sphere, which belongs to them as the fourth sphere belongs to us. But we must think of these two spheres as intertwined, interpenetrating each other. (A larger circle is drawn over the first circle: yellow.) So when I refer to the other sphere I have just mentioned as the eighth, we are not living merely in the fourth sphere, but also in this eighth sphere, because our divine creators live together with us in this sphere.

If you now consider this eighth sphere, then not only do our divine creator spirits live there, but the Ahrimanic beings also live there. So that by living in the vicinity of the eighth sphere, we live together with the spirits we perceive as our divine powers, but also with the Ahrimanic beings. Strictly speaking, the Luciferic spirits live with us in the fourth sphere. This, then, is the distribution of these spiritual beings. We can now go into these spiritual beings when we understand what connects us to the corresponding environments of these spheres.
The first thing that becomes apparent to the initiate is that, because we live in the fourth sphere of our development, we are, as I have said, perceptive and intelligent beings. But we must never forget that it is precisely into this intelligence, whereby we always mean to include sensory perception, that the Luciferic power plays. This Luciferic power is actually intimately connected with the special kind of intelligence that human beings today still regard as their essential, inherent intelligence, which they prefer to use as their own intelligence. And yet, this intelligence has been given to human beings only because that higher being, whom I have spoken of as the Michael being, cast down Luciferic spirits into the sphere of human beings, into the fourth sphere of human beings, and thereby the intelligent impulse actually entered into human beings.
You can feel what this intelligent impulse means for humanity when you consider the impersonal element of the human intelligence that is still present. Isn't it true that we humans have many personal interests? We encounter each other with our personal interests, and in relation to our personal interests we are individualized. But this individualization stops at intelligence. In terms of intelligence, in terms of logic, we all have the same thing and we reckon with this same thing. We would not have this same thing if the Luciferic influence, mediated by Michael, had not been exerted on humanity.
We understand each other in this simple way only because we have a common intelligence, only because this common intelligence originates from the Luciferic spirit. Now, this Luciferic spirit arose because Michael, so to speak, permeated and influenced human beings with the Luciferic entity. These Luciferic influences have continued to develop in the course of human history. Alongside them, many other things have developed in human beings. But even today, this Luciferic spirituality, which we call our intelligence, is still widely regarded as the characteristic feature of human beings.
To make this even clearer, you must turn your soul's gaze to something else that can bring us humans together across the entire Earth once it spreads across the entire Earth. That is the Christ impulse. But the Christ impulse is something different from the intelligence impulse. The impulse of intelligence has something compelling about it. You cannot make the intelligence of humanity your personal concern. You cannot suddenly decide to decide something that must be decided by intelligence without falling out of the social life of humanity as insane. But on the other hand, you cannot gain any other relationship to the Christ impulse than a personal one. No one can, in essence, tell another person how to relate to Christ. Ultimately, this is a personal matter. But because Christ went through the mystery of Golgotha and connected himself with the development of the earth, it is so that, no matter how many people independently make the Christ impulse their own, it becomes the same for all of them. This means that people are brought together by something that each individual does for themselves, not by force, as through intelligence, but through the Christ impulse itself, which forms the relationship between each individual and Christ in such a way that, when it is formed in the right way, it is the same in every human being. That is the difference between the impulse of intelligence and the Christ impulse. The Christ impulse can be the same for all of humanity and yet be a personal matter for each individual. Intelligence is not a personal matter.
Now, where did the Christ impulse fall? We can answer that based on the hints I have already given. We know that the development of the head is already a retrograde, a backward process. In relation to his head, man is, in a sense, in a state of continuous dying. So we can point to the cosmic fact that Michael cast the Luciferic hosts down into the realm of humanity. The Luciferic hosts thus gained their dwelling place in the human head, but in its dying character.
Here they, the Luciferic hosts, began to fight continuously against the dying of the human head. And here we touch upon a secret of human nature that is well known in various forms, but almost completely veiled from modern humanity. When we consider the divine development of the human being, we see that the human head contains a dying development, a continuous dying. But this continuous dying is accompanied by a kindling of life on the part of Lucifer. Lucifer continually wants to make our head as alive as the rest of our organism is alive. If one looks at the organic aspect, Lucifer would thus cause humanity to stray from its divine direction if he succeeded in actually enlivening the human head in the same way that the rest of the human organism is enlivened.But the divine direction of human development must turn against this. For man must remain connected with the development of the earth so that he can continue with the subsequent development of the earth through the Jupiter, Venus, and Vulcan evolutions. If Lucifer were to achieve his goal, man would not follow the path that has been laid out for him, but would become incorporated into a cosmos that would be intelligent through and through.
I would like to say that, physiologically speaking, Lucifer is constantly active within us, sending up from the rest of our organism the life forces that want to penetrate the human head. Spiritually speaking, Lucifer constantly wants to give our intellectual content, which consists only of thoughts and images, a substantial content. Lucifer constantly has the tendency — I am now speaking spiritually, as I spoke physically before — Lucifer constantly has the tendency, when we form something in our minds, to give something which for my part is artistic creation, to give it a real, substantial content, that is, to permeate the contents of our thoughts, the contents of our imagination, with ordinary earthly reality. In this way he would achieve that we as human beings would leave the other reality and fly over into a reality of thoughts, which would then be a reality, not mere thoughts. This tendency is constantly connected with our human nature, that our fantasies should become realities, and the greatest conceivable efforts are made to enable human fantasies to become realities.
Now, however, everything that exists in humanity is connected with inner causes of disease, with this Luciferic tendency. Seeing through Lucifer's work in this connection, his pressing vitality forces into the dying forces of the human head, means in truth, in the last analysis, the diagnosis of all inner diseases. And scientific-medical development must ultimately build its knowledge on this Luciferic element. To make such an impact is one of the tendencies of the Michael influence breaking into our human development.
Conversely, there is the Ahrimanic influence. It first makes itself felt from the eighth sphere, from which the rest of our organism — except for the head — is created. It is full of vitality; through its own organization, it is created for vitality. The Ahrimanic forces now work into it. They strive, conversely, to send the forces of death into the vitality forces of the rest of the organism, forces that actually belong in the head according to divine development. Thus, from the eighth sphere, we receive the forces of death in this way, mediated through Ahriman. That is again in physical terms.
In spiritual terms, I would express it this way: Everything that comes in from this eighth sphere affects the human will, not the intelligence. But the human will is based on desire; there is always something of desire in the will. What lies at the basis of the will as desire is what Ahriman continually tries to bring into the personal element of the human being. And because the personal element of the human being is hidden in the nature of desire, our human soul-will activity is precisely an imprint of our opposition to death. Instead of allowing ourselves to be permeated by divine ideals, allowing them to penetrate our desires and thus our will, something personal is brought into our desires, into our will.Thus we are truly in a state of equilibrium between the Luciferic and Ahrimanic elements. The Luciferic-Ahrimanic element bequeaths to us sickness and death in the physical realm, while in the soul realm it develops in us everything that appears as deception, in that we regard as reality one or the other of those things that belong only to the world of thoughts, ideas, and imagination. In relation to the spiritual element, it is precisely the desire for egoism that penetrates our human nature in this way. Now, we see this duality of Lucifer and Ahriman connected with human nature. And how modern civilized humanity deceives itself about this duality, how it is able to deceive itself, I have explained to you in Milton's “Paradise Lost,” in Klopstock's “Messiah,” and in Goethe's “Faust.” Now the point is that we as humanity have reached a point in the Earth's development that can be characterized by the fact that we have, so to speak, already passed the middle of the Earth's development. Isn't that so? The Earth's development was initially ascending, reached a peak, and has been descending since that time. For certain reasons, which we need not discuss today, there was a kind of steady level until the Greek-Latin period, until the 15th century. Since that time, however, the development of humanity on Earth has been truly declining.

The physical evolution of the earth has been declining for much longer. Already in the period preceding our last ice age, that is, before the Atlantean catastrophe, the physical decline of the earth began. This is something that an anthroposophist does not need to tell people today; it is something that geology already knows, as I have often mentioned, that when we travel across the earth today, we already have to cross the descending earth's crust in numerous places. You only need to read the descriptions of Earth's development in better geology books to see that even today, physical science has established that the Earth is on the descending stage of its development. But that which lies within us humans is also in a descending stage of development. As humans, we can no longer expect any upward momentum to come from our physical development. We must seize this upswing by learning to look at human beings in terms of what leads them out of the Earth's evolution into the next forms of Earth evolution. We must learn to look at the human beings of the future. That means thinking in a Michaelic way. I will characterize more precisely what Michaelic thinking means.
When you face your neighbor today, you actually face him with a completely materialistic consciousness. You say to yourself, even if you do not say it aloud, not even in your thoughts, but you actually say it in the innermost depths of your consciousness: This is a human being of flesh and blood, this is a human being of earthly substances. You say the same thing about animals, and you say the same thing about plants. But what you say about humans, animals, and plants, you can only rightly say about minerals, about mineral beings. Let us take the most extreme case, the human being. Let us take the human being as he is formed by his outer appearance, and consider him first in relation to his outer form. (A drawing is made): What you see as his external form is not what he really is; you do not encounter it with your physical senses, but it is filled, more than ninety percent, with liquid, with water. And what you see with your physical eyes as filling the form is the mineral element. What you see is what the human being has united with the external mineral world.

You cannot see the human being who unites these things. You are only speaking correctly when you say: What stands before me are the particles of matter that the human spirit form stores within itself; this makes the invisible thing that stands before me visible to me. — The human being is invisible, truly invisible. All of you sitting here are invisible to the physical senses. There are just so many figures sitting there who, through a certain inner attraction, have accumulated particles of matter (this is drawn): you can see these particles of matter. You only see minerals. The real people sitting here are invisible, they are supersensible. To say this to oneself with full consciousness at every moment of one's waking life is what constitutes the Michaelic way of thinking, that one ceases to look at human beings as a conglomerate of mineral particles that they arrange in a certain way. Animals do this too, plants do this too, only minerals do not. To become aware of this: we walk among invisible people — that is Michaelic thinking.

We speak of Ahrimanic beings and Luciferic beings, we speak of the beings of the hierarchy of the Angeloi, Archangeloi, Archai, and so on. These are invisible beings. We learn to recognize them by their effects. We have discussed many of these effects, including again in recent days. We learn to recognize these beings from what they do. Is it any different with human beings? We get to know the invisible human being here in the physical world by the way he arranges mineral particles in a human-like form, superimposing them on one another. But that is only an activity, an effect of the human being. The fact that we have to explain the effects of Ahriman and Lucifer, the effects of Angeloi, Archangeloi, Archai, and so on in a different way simply means that we have to get to know these beings in a different way. But in terms of the fact that these beings are supersensible, they are no different from us if we approach what it means to be human with reason alone.
You see, this is Michaelic thinking: to realize that we are not at all different in essence from the supersensible beings. Humanity could manage without this awareness when the minerals still gave it something. But since the mineral world has been in decline, human beings have been dependent on growing into a spiritual understanding of themselves and the world. That we can find the inner strength to realize that we do not really need to go through the world with the consciousness that this regular accumulation of material particles is what constitutes the human being, but that the human being is a supersensible being, and that these material particles only point us in the direction of the outer mineral world with a gesture: there is a human being — the power to develop such consciousness has been available to human beings since the 1870s, and they can have it to a greater degree. And it is only because of the Ahrimanic influences, as I characterized them here eight days ago, that human beings reject this inner consciousness and do not want to approach it. One thing is connected with another in human life. And just as we go around under the delusion that human beings are sensual beings, not supersensible beings, so we go around under other delusions. We speak of development and always think that it proceeds in a linear fashion, always forward and forward. You know that it was not possible to artistically shape such a development in our building. When I designed the capitals, I had to show the first, second, and third capitals in ascending development, the fourth stands in the middle, the fifth stands in descending development, the sixth is simpler again, and the seventh is the simplest again. I had to add the descending development to the ascending development.
We actually have this in our head. While the rest of our organism is still in an ascending development, our head is already in a descending development. Then, if one believes that development only exists in an ascending form, one distances oneself from true reality, and one speaks as Haeckel did under the influence of a certain delusion: first simple beings, then further development, then more complex beings, and so on ad infinitum, always more complex, always more perfect. That is nonsense. Every development that progresses also begins the return journey. Every ascent is followed by a descent, and every ascent already carries within itself the potential for descent. It is one of the most insidious deceptions of modern humanity that this modern humanity has lost sight of the connection between evolution and devolution, development and decline. For where there is upward development, there must also be the potential for downward development. Then, at the moment when upward development begins to decline, the physical enters into spiritual development. For as soon as the physical begins to decline, there is room for spiritual development. There is room for spiritual development in our heads because there is physical decline. However, we will not be able to understand human beings and thus the rest of the world until we are in a position to see things in their proper light, that is, until we can truly relate our intelligence to Luciferic development as I have described it. For then we will evaluate these things in the right way and will know that our intelligence needs a blow if it is to actually bring human beings to their goal. Lucifer must be prevented by the Christ principle from making human beings renounce their predestined divine direction.
I have already said that one thing is connected with another. You see, under the influence of the same delusion that has attributed certain Luciferic characteristics to the divine powers, human beings today are inclined to see an ideal in the one-sided presentation of beauty, for example. Certainly, beauty can be presented as such. But one must be aware that if one were to devote oneself solely to beauty as a human being, one would cultivate within oneself those forces that lead into the Luciferic stream. For in the real world, just as there is no one-sided development — to which regression belongs, to which evolution belongs devolution — there is no one-sided existence of mere beauty. Mere beauty, used by Lucifer to captivate and blind people, would free humanity from earthly development and prevent it from holding together with earthly development. In reality, just as with the interplay of evolution and devolution, we are dealing with an interplay, namely a fierce struggle between beauty and ugliness. And if we really want to understand art, we must never forget that the ultimate artistic expression in the world must be the interplay, the struggle between beauty and ugliness. For it is only by looking at the state of equilibrium between beauty and ugliness that we stand in reality, not one-sidedly in a reality that does not belong to us, but which we strive for in the Luciferic, in the Ahrimanic reality. It is very necessary that ideas such as those I have just expressed should enter into human cultural development. In Greece — you know with what enthusiasm I have often spoken here about Greek education — it was possible to devote oneself one-sidedly to beauty, for humanity had not yet been seized by the downward development of the earth, at least not among the Greek people. Since that time, however, human beings can no longer afford the luxury of cultivating beauty alone. That would be an escape from reality. He must face the real struggle between beauty and ugliness boldly and bravely. He must be able to feel the dissonances in the struggle, to empathize with them, to experience them.
This brings strength to human development, and from this strength comes the possibility of having that inner state of consciousness which now truly lifts us above the delusion that man exists in his true essence in the superimposed substances, mineral particles, which he has only drawn together within himself. Today, one could actually say physically that human beings do not truly bear the mark of mineral nature, of external physical nature, in their essence. The outer mineral is heavy. But that which enables us, for example, to develop soul life — I am not now speaking of intelligence — is not bound to heaviness, but to the opposite of heaviness, to that which is called the buoyancy of fluid. I have described to you on other occasions how our brain floats in the fluid surrounding it. If it did not float there, the tiny blood vessels within it would be crushed. When Archimedes was once in the bath, he discovered that he became lighter, and was so delighted that he cried out “Eureka!” You have all learned this in physics. So we do not live by being pulled down spiritually, but by being pulled up. It is not because our brain is heavy, but because our brain is lighter due to its floating in the cerebral fluid that we actually live spiritually. We live through that which pulls us away from the earth. Today, this can even be said physically.
What I wanted to point out during these three days was and is that, in contrast to modern life, we need a state of mind that is truly conscious of the supersensible in our immediate surroundings at every moment of our waking life, that does not succumb to the delusion that we consider people to be real because we see them and spirits to be unreal because we do not see them. In truth, we do not see human beings either. It is precisely this deception that makes us believe we see them. We are no different from the beings of the higher hierarchies. Learning to perceive the similarity between the beings of the higher hierarchies and ourselves, even animals and plants, is the task facing modern humanity.
We speak of the fact that through the mystery of Golgotha, the Christ impulse has entered into the evolution of the earth, initially into the evolution of humanity, and is now connected with it. People say they do not see it. Yes, they cannot see it as long as they deceive themselves about human beings, as long as they look at something completely different from what human beings really are. The moment this is no longer a theory but a living reality felt by the soul, enabling us to see something supersensible in human beings, the moment we educate within ourselves the ability to perceive the Christ impulse everywhere in our midst, we can say with conviction: Do not seek him through outward gestures, he is everywhere among you. But humanity must also develop the modesty and humility to believe that something really is needed to bring about such a consciousness, which sees a supersensible being everywhere in human beings from the outset. It is one thing to say this theoretically, but that does not accomplish anything. Only when one truly believes, when one does not regard it as absurd, that what one encounters there is the real human being, only then is one in the state of mind that I actually mean.
If you were able to go out to the building site and gather together so many things that lie there that, by skillful handling, you could hold them up in front of you in such a way that the person you meet would see nothing of you, but only broken bricks, pieces of wood, and so on: you would not say that these broken bricks and pieces of wood, arranged in a certain way, are human beings. But you do not do anything different with the mineral substances that you carry towards your fellow human beings in a certain arrangement. You say that these mineral substances, because your physical eyes see them, are human beings. In truth, this is only the gesture that points to the true human being.
If we look back to pre-Christian times, we will find that, visibly, I would say, God's messengers came down to earth and revealed themselves to human beings, made themselves understandable to human beings. The greatest messenger of God to come down to earth, Christ, was also the one who, at the same time, was able to reveal himself in the greatest event on earth without the intervention of human beings. Now we are living in the time of the Michael revelation. It is just as real as the other revelations. But it no longer imposes itself on human beings because they have entered into their development toward freedom. We must go out to meet the Michael revelation; we must prepare ourselves so that he can send the strongest forces into us, so that we are conscious of the supersensible in our immediate earthly environment. Do not misunderstand what this Michael revelation would mean for the people of the present and the near future if they would approach it through freedom. Do not misunderstand that today people are striving for a solution to the social question out of the remnants of old states of consciousness. Everything that could be dissolved from the old states of consciousness of humanity has been dissolved. The earth is in the descending phase of its development. The demands that arise today cannot be resolved with the thinking that has come down from the past. They can only be resolved by a humanity with a new state of mind. The task we have is this: to work to bring this new state of mind among people. We see it today, I would say, as something that weighs heavily on our souls like a terrible nightmare, that people cannot escape from the ideas that have been cultivated for thousands of years. We see today how almost automatically the results of these millennia-old ideas unfold, ideas that have already been stripped of all content and basically contain nothing but empty words. Everywhere among us there is talk of human ideals. What these ideals really contain is nothing, they are just words, because humanity needs a new state of mind. Once upon a time, a call rang out to humanity, which we translate into our language: Change your thinking, for the time is near! But back then, people could still change their minds based on their old state of mind. Now that chance is gone, and if what was asked for back then is to be fulfilled, it has to come from a new state of mind. Michael gave people the Yahweh tradition, the Yahweh influence. Since the end of the 1870s, he has been working to convey an understanding of the Christ impulse in the true sense of the word, if only we will meet him halfway. But we must meet him halfway. And we meet him halfway when we fulfill two things.
In relation to our own state of soul, we can say to ourselves: We must come back from a certain error. I do not wish to burden you too much with narrow abstractions and philosophical worldviews, but I must draw your attention to this because it is a symptom of the recent development of humanity that, for example, a philosopher such as Descartes lived at the dawn of the modern era. He still knew something of the spiritual that plays, for example, through the dying human nervous system. But at the same time he uttered the sentence: I think, therefore I am. That is the opposite of the truth. When we think, we do not exist, for in thinking we have only the image of reality. We would have nothing of thinking if we were stuck in reality with our thinking, if thinking were not merely a mirror image. We must become aware of the mirror character of our world of ideas, of the mirror character of our world of thoughts. The moment we become aware of this mirror character, we will appeal to another source of reality within us. Michael wants to tell us about this. This means that we must try to recognize the mirror character of our world of thoughts, then we will work against the Luciferic development. For it has every interest in pouring substance into it and presenting a deceptive appearance as if there were substance in our thinking. It is not substance, it is merely an image. We will draw the substance from something else, from deeper layers of our consciousness. That is one thing. We only need the awareness that our thoughts make us weak, then we will appeal to the strength of Michael, for he is to be the spirit who points us to that which is stronger in us than thought, whereas we have learned through the newer civilization to look primarily at thoughts and have thereby become weak human beings because we have taken thoughts themselves to be something real. Even if we turn away from mere abstract intelligence, we do so only for appearances' sake. As modern human beings, we are under the terrible slave whip of intelligence and do not send from the deeper layers of our being into our thoughts themselves that which should be there.
The second thing is that we bring into our desires, and thus into our will, that which follows solely from a reality that we must recognize as supersensible. I have mentioned here often that not taking the supersensible character of the mystery of Golgotha completely seriously has had bitter consequences. I have drawn your attention to such a view, for example that of the liberal theologian Adolf Harnack. There are many liberal theologians who calmly admit that no proof of the reality of the mystery of Golgotha can be found in historical documents. Yes, the existence of Christ Jesus cannot be proven historically in the same way as the existence of Caesar or Napoleon. Why? Because the Mystery of Golgotha was intended to present humanity with an event to which humanity should only have supersensible access. It should not have any sensory access at all. In order that humanity might learn, precisely through the mystery of Golgotha, to rise to the supersensible, there should be no sensory, no outwardly sensory historical proof.
But this points us in two directions that we must follow. First, we must recognize the supersensible in the immediate sensory world, that is, in the human, animal, and plant worlds. This is the path of Michael. And its continuation: in this world, which we ourselves recognize as supersensible, we must find the Christ impulse within it.
In describing this to you, I am at the same time describing the deepest impulses of the social question. For the abstract League of Nations will not solve the international problem. These abstractions will not bring people together on earth. But the spirits that lead people into the supersensible, and of which we have spoken in recent days, will bring people together.
Outwardly, humanity today is facing serious struggles. And in the face of these serious struggles, which we are only at the beginning of — as I have often mentioned here — and which are leading the old impulses of Earth's development to absurdity, there will be no political, economic, or spiritual remedies taken from the pharmacy of old historical development. From ancient times come the ferments that have initially brought Europe to the brink of the abyss, that will pit Asia and America against each other, and that will prepare the way for a struggle across the entire Earth. The only thing that can counteract this reduction of human development to absurdity is that which leads human beings on the path to the spiritual: the Michael path, which finds its continuation in the Christ path.