The Rudolf Steiner Archive

Lessing had faith in rebirth.

In Herder we find the ideas of re-embodiment in his writing on the development of the human spirit.

In Schiller we find it in his correspondence: Julius and Raphael (Schiller and Körner), Theosophy of Julius, and in the letters on the advancement of the aesthetic education of man.

Novalis had the belief in it.

Goethe presents the development of the human being from the lower to the higher powers of the soul in the fairy tale of the green snake and the beautiful lily. His view was: Only the one who has gone through the stages of development, who has felt drawn into it, who has gone through doubts, has gained the great conviction, the great faith, and struggled through disharmony to harmony. His Faust is a song of human perfection. We do not need to look for it in the Bhagavad Gita. We also find the great problem in Faust. He sets himself the task of solving the mystery of evil.

Faust (Part One) Here we see the young man full of the feeling of disharmony. Earth spirit is not a symbol, but a real being for Goethe. He assumed that there are planetary beings in the planets, and that they have their bodies, just as we have our bodies of flesh.

His, that is to say, Goethe's creed: the earth spirit had taught him not only to see, but to feel and sense the unified essence of stone, plant, animal, and human. He taught him the brotherhood of all created things up to man, the crown of [creation]. He expressed his creed at the age of eighty in “the mysteries” – pilgrims walk to the monastery, the rosary is a sign of the three kingdoms of nature; stone, plant, animal is cross. Roses are love.

Goethe himself later said that each of the twelve personalities represents one of the great world creeds or religions. The purpose was to seek the true inner core of the world religions.

Three worlds: first, the dream world; second, the astral or soul world; third, the mental or spiritual world.

The awakening of the spiritual eye first brings about tremendous changes in the dream life. When the new vision, the new world, opens up, it takes on great regularity. Of course, no science may be founded on what the human being experiences there.

The disciple or chela must learn to bring the consciousness of the second, the astral world, into their daily consciousness through the dream. Later, in dreamless sleep, he experiences the spiritual and mental worlds. The consciousness of the astral world expresses itself in images. The consciousness of the spiritual world in spiritual hearing. The Pythagoreans called it the music of the spheres.

Prologue in Heaven – the spiritual world.

In Mephistopheles, Goethe created the image for an ancient idea that is contained in all profound spiritual wisdom. He tried to solve the mystery of evil. Evil is the sum of all those forces that oppose the progress of human perfection. If truth consists in further development, then every obstacle is a lie. The one who corrupts through lies is called Mephistopheles.

Part Two

Faust had to end as a mystic. In “Conversations of Eckermann with Goethe”, Goethe says: “For the initiate, it will soon be apparent that there is much depth to be found in this Faust.” The main idea of “Faust” presents the three main parts of human nature: spirit, soul, and body.

The spirit is eternal, was there before birth and will be there after death. The soul is the link between spirit and body; in its development it first tends more towards the body, then towards the spirit, and with this towards the lasting, the eternal. The development of the spiritual eye helps in this.

The realm of the mothers represents the source of all things; the spirit comes from this.

To enter the spiritual realm – Devachan in theosophy – requires a moral qualification. The aim of theosophy is to lead people upwards. To do this, a person must first make themselves capable, worthy. When Faust leads Helen up for the first time, he is consumed by wild passion, and this causes Helen to scatter.

Helena represents the various incarnations.

Homunculus is a soul. In the classical Walpurgis Night, it is shown how a soul comes into being. Goethe sees the gradual development before him. Homunculus is to receive a body. He must begin with the mineral kingdom; then the plant kingdom follows. Goethe's expression: “It grunts so”.

Faust's blindness represents: the physical world dies away for him; now his inner vision opens up. A magnificent image! Whoever does not have this, this dying and becoming...

Jakob Böhme puts it this way: And so death is the root of all life. And in another place:

He who does not die before he dies
Will perish if he dies.

Chorus mysticus:

All that is transitory
Is but a parable
The inadequate,
Here it becomes an event
The indescribable,
Here it is done;
The eternal feminine
Draws us onward.

In all mysticism, the striving human soul is described as something feminine. The union of the soul with the mystery of the world: spiritual union in mystics is expressed as the marriage of the lamb. This view brought Goethe even deeper into the above-mentioned fairy tale of the green snake and the beautiful lily.

Euphorion embodied poetry.

Goethe himself said about the last part of Goethe's “Faust” that he wanted to depict Faust's ascent in the image of the end – Montserrat.

The poem suggests: Parzival, a hiker in the valley. When Faust went blind, he was given the opportunity to develop rapidly. He entered the higher regions; we would call it Devachan or Suschupti. But Goethe brought Catholic ideas with him. So he had Father Marianus appear in the cleanest cell. This indicates: liberation from all sexual things, thus standing above man and woman. That is why he also gave him a woman's name with a masculine ending. Now the dual sex was replaced by the single sex. He had awakened completely in Budhi. Budhi, the sixth basic element, had gained the upper hand over everything else.

We should never confuse things with words, especially with slogans. If we understand the enrichment of one's own self as egoism, we would have to place egoity in a category to which it belongs. [If we strive for the enrichment of our own self, we must first deal with human nature and here I come first to the ego, which can assert itself in various ways in the three human bodies.] I have often spoken to you about our four bodies. The ego within is just another name for the self. It permeates the three bodies with its substantiality, asserting itself in them with varying degrees of force.

With regard to the physical body, man does not have it at his discretion to rein this ego, which asserts itself more firmly within him than it should. It does not work. Why does it do that? Because at some point in his development, man has experienced an influence in the Lemurian period, the Luciferic influence. Man is permeated by the Luciferic entities. This asserts itself in all three realms of the body. [Later, man will succeed in acting on all three bodies; now he only succeeds in acting on his astral body, on his desires and passions.] You know that man is increasingly able to rework the bodies. Today he has this in his hands with the astral body. It is more difficult with the etheric body. And with the physical body [he has no influence at all], but that lies in the distant future. It will only become possible through the occult development of the breathing process, [in which he develops “Atma” within himself, which happens through a special breathing]. The part of the etheric body that we are reworking [develops “Budhi” within itself, and now that it can act on its astral body, it develops “Manas”. These influences are transformations of the different bodies. The influence that took place at that time through satanic entities is designated as “serpent,” and through this influence on man, the I of man was brought to stronger activity. If today the I asserts itself more strongly in the physical body than it would be without the satanic influence in the Lemurian time – serpent in Paradise – then man can do nothing. Lucifer brings the I to a more intense effect in the physical body. The first thing that came about as a result is death. Death is the direct consequence of a strengthened I. [And death will no longer come when the influence of the luciferic beings is overcome.]

What would have happened without Lucifer? We only need to describe what man would be like. He would grow old, but would begin to soften his muscles and bones through the powers of the soul, detach parts, gradually sweat out material parts. He would thus be able to attract other matter and rebuild the body. There would be a transformation that would take place consciously, a beneficial process. [He is not yet able to do that, and that is why death occurs, to dissolve the matter.] Death has occurred due to the densification of the bone system. [There would be no illness if the power of the ego were not working so strongly.] This inability to dissolve one's own matter, that is death. When the earth will have reached the end of its development, it will undergo a metamorphosis. It is different now because of the solidification by Lucifer. Through his influence, illness comes. Man has no influence on this at the moment. In the processes that should take place like dissolution and composition, and now do not take place that way, the cause of the illnesses predominates. The daytime thinking is a continuous dissolution of substances in the brain. [During the night, the dissolved parts are reassembled by the spiritual world.] The night is there to send forces from the spiritual world. [Somehow there must be balance in the breakdown and construction.] In the moment when not so much is built in at night as is dissolved during the day, the disease is there. The disease can only occur because there is an ego in the organism that is exerting itself too strongly.

Now, in the etheric body, how is the activity [through a too strongly acting ego]? It asserts itself through the possibility of error on the one hand and of lies on the other. Man is subject to error because the ego works too much in the etheric body, not in harmony with the outside world. Now, and the lie? When we lie, this thought form is formed as a real fact, and in the spiritual world there arises what we call an explosion in the physical world. If the I did not merge in the etheric body, the person would know that what is not in accordance with the truth, with reality, causes destruction, an explosion. We have to take this into our karma, destroying our life's journey until we have balanced it again. A liar destroys as much in his karma as bomb explosions in the physical world. Lies and errors are caused by the ego asserting itself too strongly in the etheric body.

The astral body is filled with what is called selfishness and egoism because the I goes beyond the measure of assertion. We must be clear about this when we study selfishness in the astral body. The astral body consists of a sentient body and a sentient soul. We must distinguish this exactly. The sentient body is of an astral nature, but built up from the outside during the lunar period. Now, in the sentient body, the substance of the sentient soul is secreted at a subconscious level. What the sentient body is, that is quite all right with humans. Therefore, they have the ability to properly perceive their environment. Schopenhauer [only retained the idea]: the world as an idea. [He said:] Without the eye there is no light. But it is also true that without light there is no eye. This is because physical light is completely flooded with astral light, and that is what the eye has developed [from the human being]. So it is the astral that brings out and then chisels out the astral in the human being.

[First, the astral senses are developed through the influx of astral substance.] This is how we come into harmony with the outside world. If we only had the sentient body, we would be soulless creatures, [we would see with the eye] but without joy; [the outside world would only be reflected in us]. But now we have the sentient soul in addition. In the sentient body, the 'I' will be able to be a little stronger than the correct measure would have been without the influence of Lucifer. [The influence of the Luciferic entities asserts itself in the sentient soul; it does not reach the sentient body.] This has an effect in the sentient soul. Then the discord arises. That is egoism. When the I constricts the forces of the sentient soul too strongly, then egoism arises. The sentient body also takes in beautiful impressions, but the sentient soul cannot rejoice in them. The world gives the colors. The sentient soul should pour itself into what the sentient body gives. He who finds the possibility of going out of himself so far as to embrace the world strengthens his ego. This egoism is healthy because it is rich in content. All beings should do this.

When the rose adorns itself, it also adorns the garden.

Schiller says:

Are you seeking the highest, the greatest? The plant can teach you. What it is without will, be you the willing one – that's it!

Angelus Silesius:

The rose has no why,
it blossoms because it blossoms;
it pays no attention to itself,
does not ask if it is seen.

The person who develops their own abilities as much as possible will serve their fellow human beings the most. Not leaving any of our inner powers undeveloped leads us to salvation. [But in the pursuit of developing our powers as much as possible,] there is a danger of falling into destructive selfishness, but without that, human beings could not develop any freedom. And so, for some, selfishness can lead to good fortune, while for others it can lead to disaster. Plants are prevented from growing beyond measure. When a blossom is at its most beautiful, it has brought forth its own essence. At the moment when there is a danger of its ego being emphasized, of its selfhood developing, the pollen arrives and the blossom must merge with the germ and die. This law also applies to a certain extent to human beings. When they create harmony between the sentient soul and the sentient body, they also experience that the moment they harden and do not pour themselves out into the world, they wither away. There are people who create harmony between what flows into the soul and what it experiences. They are then harmonious. This must be the aim of education. But people in whom the I is too active in the sentient soul, without balance in the outer life, where the inflow and outflow are not in harmony, these people become desolate. They cannot feel anything, not even in front of a work of art. This is the secret of what happens in egoism. People must find a way to become inflamed by the impressions of nature, [to learn to feel something when confronted with works of art]. The physician should put himself in the place of what the soul experiences; [an inner feeling must penetrate even into external movements, for example, when doing gymnastics]. He must be able to take joy in his surroundings; that is a spiritual person.

In other areas, we must establish this harmony, for example, in the knowledge of ourselves. We must find harmony in our knowledge of ourselves. “Know thyself” is often misunderstood. To reconcile our true self with knowledge of the world is self-knowledge, and it is part of the education of the human being to achieve that self-knowledge, which is selfless; to achieve justified selflessness so that the ego can pour itself out into the world again. Just don't brood! That hardens us. Self-knowledge is something that leads us to flourish. Otherwise we wither away as misfits, as pale envious people. If we seek the God only in us, we place ourselves in discord with the world. If we seek him in world knowledge, [we work outwardly], then there is a restorative equilibrium in our will impulses. This is an important law in relation to what we want. For nothing works as long as it remains within us, but only when it emerges from us. Then it works for our benefit when it [from outside] meets us in the mirror. These are the best conceivable deeds: to put out into the world what has been done. They are the invigorating ones. [A person can enrich his ego as long as the advancement of his own ego invigorates him.] The best deeds of the egoist, done for his own sake, do not further him. The moment egoism goes beyond a certain degree, it stifles the soul. Many are unsatisfied and desolate; many egoists live in withering. Egoism, overshooting its goal, turns against the egoist himself. When man crosses the boundary in the development of his ego, he becomes desolate. The egoist lives in withering. This would be more apparent if man did not live in an external society. We are interrelated, we human beings, and so the egoist does not bear the effects of his egoism alone; someone else must bear them too. For the egoist himself, this only expresses itself in karma.

“Wilhelm Meister” deals with the problem of the egoist. What does Wilhelm Meister want? Nothing other than to make his individuality as rich and perfect as possible. That is why he leaves his profession for the profession in which he expects the greatest freedom, so that everything can have an effect on him from the outside. Goethe shows where Wilhelm Meister's error has led him. He knew that there is a spiritual law. Goethe himself called humanity the great individual and so on. He said: Wilhelm Meister is a pretty poor fellow. But there is a guiding force in man that always leads him to do the right thing. That is the great law of karma, which does not allow us to do foolish things without making us do sensible things in the next life. It has been severely criticized that Goethe allows the secret guidance to be noticed. No one can see more in another person than he or she is. Thus, modern biographers depict Goethe as a philistine – [Engel is a grotesque, outrageous interpreter of Goethe]. In 1780, Goethe became a member of the Masonic Lodge “Duchess Amalie” – a symbol of spiritual leadership.

The best explanation of “Hamlet” is in “Wilhelm Meister”. In the “Confessions of a Beautiful Soul”, Susanne von Klettenberg reveals herself – almost word for word – as a reflection of her development. During her illness Makarie brooded as much as possible within herself, but her inner nature sought the outer world again within her own inner being, found contact with divine beings in her own nature, and enjoyed this pre-mystical life. She attained a high level. Her healthy nature pushed beyond this and came to the question [through an important event]: Is God only within? Then her gaze turned to Palestine, to Christianity. Christ became man, went through everything to the point of death. When she thoroughly understood this, she said: 'In every flower, the deity reveals itself from within to the world.' Now she lives with the event of Golgotha. Susanne von Klettenberg gave Goethe a significant push for his inner development. He never stopped.

The “apprenticeship years” were completed under Schiller's criticism. The “travel years” were created under peculiar circumstances. It turned out that the typesetter printed faster than Goethe could write; and in the beginning, he helped out with things he had written earlier: St. Joseph, Man of 50, Melusine and others. In the end, he could not keep up, so he gave it to Eckermann to revise. This is how the “Wanderjahre” came about. But it should be considered that everything Goethe wrote is full of the highest wisdom [and it is a concise excerpt of his own development]. Each one signifies a stage in his own development, a stage in Goethe's development. Thus life flows like a composition, if only it is taken up in the right way and can have an effect on individuality. Much has emerged from Goethe's development. Take the “Pedagogical Province”: the boys have three gestures. [Signs of] insight into the effect of the symbols. [There are three religious levels.] The best of the three religious categories: [a gesture upwards, downwards, towards one's own kind symbolizes real reverence for the highest, for those below us, and for our own kind.] Upwards, Goethe calls the first direction of reverence, the second to one's own kind, then reverence downwards. What is below us has also come from God. Then we have reverence for religion because the divine has descended. As the student immerses himself in what the gesture shows, the gesture should draw itself into his soul. The boys are dressed differently. Why? To develop their individuality, they should choose the colors themselves.

The conclusion shows how the self expands to embrace the whole world in Makarie, who looks inwardly at the laws of the stars – she has an astronomer at her side – and takes her measurements from the solar system. Selfless knowledge that is absorbed into the world – where Goethe subtly describes the entire intuitive life of such clairvoyant beings. At the end of “Wilhelm Meister”, the occult view of the world is described in Makarie, because Goethe wants to describe the unfolding of the self.

Thus, in 'Wilhelm Meister', Goethe shows the self rising from stage to stage, becoming richer and richer as the self grows into the world problem. In order for the human being not to lead to death, the shell must tear. The work is true and genuine.

Art is something that appears essential or inessential for life to different people, depending on their temperament and life experiences. How different were the points of view in the past: Plato had drafted that powerful plan of statecraft, but he saw poets and artists as dispensable in the whole organism. Schiller saw art as an uplift for humanity.

What does art have to say about the true forces of life? Theosophy lets things speak for themselves and asks: What has art shown us in the different ages of the world? We must first try to find our way around in sketch form. Theosophy is something quite new in this form. It is based entirely on a certain premise, on the premise that the supersensible spiritual world can be investigated. There are powers in the human soul that can be developed through awakening the soul's powers of spiritual vision. This is as much a fact as learning to see after undergoing an operation for blindness.

In the past, art did not look the same as it does today. It has changed a great deal over centuries and millennia. Today, this is often not taken into account. The ancient Greeks were not the same as we are. At that time, they were much closer to the state of soul in the spiritual world, which lies behind the physical. In prehistoric times, there were countless people who, through their natural gifts, were able to see into the spiritual world. This was linked to the fact that people were different then than they are today, both in themselves and in their feelings. Today, people have to develop the same qualities in their outer lives as others. Everything that prehistoric people did was influenced by the supersensible world. They saw, for example, the spiritual power behind stone and plant. Now, the one who is spiritually developed, who sees into it, knows that there is a spiritual lawfulness in it, and that what happens in the physical world is the reflection of spiritual processes. For the ancient Greeks, it was quite clear that when something happened in the physical world, the reason for it lay in the beyond.

For the ancient Greeks, there was one very special event: they transitioned to a completely different way of life. What we today call intellectual cultural life did not exist back then. They were beings who developed from clairvoyance. They had various clairvoyant abilities. Some outstanding individuals, what we now call geniuses, were those who knew their way around the spiritual world. Those who transformed their higher clairvoyant gift into action were the masters of the heroic age. This clairvoyance was a fact back then. Today, genius is not bound to heredity, but back then it was bound to blood. There were very specific families who were able to acquire this clairvoyant leadership. The heroes and rulers were people who had an instinctive connection with the supersensible world. They did not need to think about what to do, they acted out of their instincts, their desires. They followed them without rational consideration. That was the significant change, that feeling was transformed into intellectual culture. Such a Greek may well have felt in later times: Our ancestors acted on the direct impulse of their soul, but now such a quality is no longer inherited. The Greeks expressed this in images: the gods have taken this gift of clairvoyance from us and brought it to Asia Minor to the priestly state of Asia Minor, by having the most beautiful Greek woman, Helen, the wife of Menelaus, as the representative of clairvoyance, carried off to Troy, the priestly state of Asia Minor. Helen is another word for Selena – moon. It was felt that the service to the sun had replaced the old moon culture. Achilles, Agamemnon, Menelaus were seen as belonging to the age of the moon. Homer ties in with that event with his Iliad.

The Iliad begins: Singe, o Muse, mir vom Zorn des Achilles. Von Leidenschaften sollte gesungen werden, um auf die Zeit hinzuzuweisen, die der Verstandeskultur voranging.

The woman as a representative of clairvoyance is lost in two ways. The fight is for what has been lost, what has been banned to the priest-state of “Troy”. Homer describes the second way in which the ban is lifted when the storm rises, and it is only appeased when Iphigenia is sacrificed at [Aulis]. Greek legend shows us the replacement of the culture of clairvoyance with the culture of reason. Odysseus is the bearer of the modern culture of reason – a wooden horse, with the horse being a symbol of reason. He forms the transition to this.

Poseidon, the god of the sea, is the protector of the old. Athena is wisdom, and also a symbol of reason. Athena guides Odysseus home. Here, the fate of nations is to be described, and people are only used to illustrate it. The poet looks at the great world events and uses art to provide answers to them.

Plato, on the other hand, took the view that it is those who live that count, not those who come afterwards and tell the tale. He associated priestly poetry in the pre-Homeric period with looking up to the gods. This poetry was the first to contemplate life; before that, such contemplation did not exist.

Aeschylus is still completely absorbed in the contemplation of the supersensible world. The Eumenides and Prometheus Bound show the supersensible world growing into the sensual one.

More and more people grew into the culture of reason, and now we come to the thirteenth century, when Dante wrote his “Divine Comedy”. What does he present to us? A world of supersensible being. The whole philosophy of Thomas Aquinas and Albertus Magnus lived in Dante. Dante was a sage before he wrote that poem. The supersensible vision was before his soul. He was led through hell, through purgatory, his soul wandered through heaven. Man then became aware of his individual individuality. He asked about his relationship to his environment. This meant progress for humanity. Goethe says, for Goethe felt this as something powerful: What high thanks are to be said to him who brought us this world so freshly!

Again we skip a few centuries and come to the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries, to Shakespeare. Humanity was different. It had made progress in physical-sensual reality. How did Shakespeare create? For whom, first of all? He did not create for those who set the tone in education. He wrote for the lower classes and created his dramas in a completely abandoned society. The educated would never have come there, exposed themselves to shame and ridicule. Those who set the tone at the time were completely absorbed in the physical world, but the lower classes still retained a receptivity. Shakespeare takes man as he is in his actions, his destinies. The impulses of his characters were played out in the physical world, but it only created an image. He described only individual destinies. If Shakespeare had lived for centuries, he could have singled out many more such individual destinies and written many more such dramas. The greatest poet, Goethe, could not have created a second drama like “Faust”. “Faust” is what goes beyond the individual human being. Up to Shakespeare, man stands on the ground of the sensual world. Goethe rises above it and seeks to reconnect heaven and hell. Faust describes what is not the fate of an individual.

Schiller's search for and expression of the task of poetry can be found in his Letters upon the Aesthetic Education of Man. He asks: How does the human being rise from the everyday to the higher, the supersensible?

Wherever Goethe creates a single work of art, there is always a falling out of man from himself.

In this way, art moves in step with the development of man. Goethe leads from the sensual world into the supersensible one. The longing for the supersensible world is clearly shown to us at the end of “Faust”. The twentieth century will bring us Goethe's testament. In spiritual science, humanity is to absorb what art longed for. Now art is to lead humanity into the supersensible. Art is a secret manifestation of the laws of the world.

Spiritual science will be a fulfillment of the longing that Goethe expresses at the end of “Faust” in the “Chorus mysticus”:

All that is transitory
Is but a parable
The inadequate,
Here it comes to pass;
The indescribable,
Here it is danced
The eternal feminine
Draws us on.

You all know the Greek temple motto “Know Thyself”. It contains the deepest wisdom of life and is brought home to people again and again. Although it can be a beneficial guide through life, it can also be misunderstood. “Know Thyself” is a truth. It should not be understood as meaning that a person should brood and think within themselves, thinking that they are already a finished person. Rather, it is an invitation to develop the inner slumbering powers of the soul, to increase and expand them, to develop the talents and seeds. Striving and searching are much better tools for self-knowledge than believing that everything is already finished within us.

Let us consider how a person develops from birth to death, as it truly is.

For anyone who hears about the nature of man from a spiritual-scientific point of view, these things appear to be associated with manifold doubts and challenges. I can only give you a brief sketch here. That which the materialistic mind regards as only one link in the human being for the spiritual researcher. We call this the physical body. It is composed of the same substances and forces as minerals and stones. But a stone, a mineral, these inanimate bodies have the ability and power to maintain themselves through themselves. The physical body of man does not have that. It is precisely because of its physical and chemical powers that it is impossible for him to do so; as a corpse, he decays. We can understand the actual principle of life as an entity that fights every moment to prevent the disintegration of the physical body. We call this entity the etheric body; it is, as it were, the architect of the physical body, ordering the chemical and physical substances. In the past, it was common in natural science to speak of this principle of life as life force. From the mid-nineteenth century onwards, it became fashionable to speak of living matter as if it were assembling itself, just as if a house were putting itself together out of wood and bricks. Just as a house is built according to the architect's plan, so the forces of the etheric body are used to build the physical body. The etheric body is thus the second link in the human being.

The third is the astral body. It is the bearer of all desires, passions, pleasure and pain, joy and sorrow. But what makes man the crown of creation is the power to say “I”, which is the fourth link in the human being. These four parts of the human entity have been observed for thousands of years and universally recognized as the expression of the forces that make up the divine human being. These four parts are explained in all schools of initiates. Pythagoras first made it clear to his students that the human being consists of these four parts, only then were they allowed to learn about the higher levels. With that, they had to take an oath: to receive the higher secrets with seriousness, dignity and fervor. This oath-like formula reads: “I swear by the one who has imprinted in our hearts the holy wisdom, the sublime pure symbol, the primal source of nature and all creation of the gods.

The human being at the lowest level, the “savage”, already has these four entities, as does the average European, an idealist like Schiller and also a spiritual person like Francis of Assisi. They differ in that the “savage” initially follows his instincts and passions and surrenders to them. The person who has progressed further in their development, in whom the I, the center of their being, has already worked on developing the three limbs and thus already had a refining effect on their desires and passions, has already realized that they can follow certain things and not others. He has developed a second limb of his astral body, and thus a fifth, his spiritual self, the manas.

But man can also work in the etheric or life body through all the impulses of art, and there he also develops a second limb, and that is the sixth limb of man: the Budhi, that is the spirit of life, are the religious impulses that transform the etheric body unconsciously. This transformation has been taking place since the human race came into being. The etheric body is the carrier of memory, of habits and of what is called conscience. This transformation takes place more slowly than that in the astral body; and these activities can be compared with the minute hand on a clock in the latter and with the hour hand in the former.

Imagine yourself back at the age of eight and compare what you have learned in terms of concepts and life experience since then. It is an enormous amount. That is the change in your astral body. But if I had a violent temper as a child, it has not changed that much. Our ego can only slowly work on the life body. This happens unconsciously. The higher disciple, however, consciously works at transformation. He receives guidance to change his habits and temper. Once the disciple has learned to consciously transform certain basic traits, for example, to change a domineering nature into a humble one, he can hope to ascend higher and higher, and higher gates will open for him. This is relatively difficult, but it is even more difficult to work within his physical body. What power does he have over his pulse, his breathing, over the functions of his physical body? What the disciple learns to develop towards higher development is the seventh limb, the spiritual man, Atma. Thus man then consists of seven limbs.

We will now consider how these seven members develop in the period from birth to death. Man begins his existence with physical birth; actually, he only continues life in the womb, but even this is only a continuation of previous life. Before physical birth, man was surrounded on all sides by the mother's body, which also supplied him with forces and juices. When the physical body emerges, it pushes back the maternal covering; while it was protected before, it now enters the physical world. The eye and ear had formed, but man could not perceive light and sound; he only learns this in the physical world. He has changed his scene through birth.

But with this birth, only the one link, the physical body, is born. Now there is a second and a third birth for man. When man is born, he is still surrounded by an invisible etheric and astral covering. Just as this covering is pushed back in the womb and at birth, so too is the etheric covering pushed back when the teeth change and the etheric body is fully born. This is the second birth. It takes place slowly and accompanies the time when the milk teeth are replaced by other teeth. When a person has left his etheric body, he is still surrounded by the astral body. The third birth occurs at puberty. Then the astral cover is pushed back and the person becomes receptive to astral influences. These are important moments that must be taken into account. The first seven years: the first epoch. The second epoch – from seven to fourteen years – is essentially different, and so is the third, from fourteen to twenty-one years. Then the human being develops his astral body in a free way through the I that lies behind it.

In the first epoch, physical organs have to be formed up to a certain point. Although the human being continues to grow even then, the growth up to the seventh year and after is very different. The change of teeth is a kind of final year. By then, the human being has been given the direction that he retains, the basis of his form remains. What a person has not developed by the age of seven can no longer be made up for. Only one aspect is to be considered. Up to the age of twenty-one, development will be more educational in nature, then it will take on a different character. What makes it so that the organs of the human being receive the right imprint? The surrounding world does it. Goethe says that the eye is formed by light itself. Light is the creator, the shaper. The ear forms sound and so on. What light and air can create in a human being is most intensively formed in the first epoch until the teeth change. A suitable environment is creative for the physical body of the human being.

For example, it is not irrelevant whether a child is surrounded by invigorating or dulling colors. A nervous, excited child should therefore be surrounded by lively colors, reddish, reddish-yellow colors. It depends on what has a creative effect on the child. Here is an example. If you look sharply at a white cloth with red spots and then look away from it, you perceive the opposite color and see green spots. This green has a beneficial effect. Therefore, an excited child should wear a red dress, while a calm child should be dressed in dull colors. It depends on the stimulation of the inner forces. A perfect doll does the child a disservice, because the imagination is no longer active. And the child has a sense of well-being in shaping the internal organs, and that is what is taken away from him. The child must take pleasure in its surroundings. You cannot do enough to bring joy and happiness into the first epoch of life. Not asceticism.

Another thing is love. The love that surrounds the child blends into its etheric and astral sheaths. It even brings favorable instincts.

Here I would like to mention food. Do not think that children should be overfed with eggs. This food spoils the favorable instincts for nourishment. The less a child is overfed with eggs, the healthier its instincts for nourishment will be. Spiritual science is considered a practical thing that gives you practical guidance here in life.

In the second epoch – from the change of teeth to sexual maturity – the astral body is actually born. Until now, the life body – ether body – has been shrouded; now everything that is memory and habit must emerge so that the child can become a useful member of human society. If you want to influence the child with something similar before then, it would be like trying to supply light and sound to the child in the womb from the outside. You cannot do it. But it is the time until the seventh year when joy and pleasure, desire and instinct are guided in the right direction. You have to write two magic words in his heart: imitation and example. These are the two forces at work. A role model must be given, not a command.

Here is an example. The parents discovered that their well-behaved child had taken their money. The parents called it stolen. But the child had bought gifts for poor children. He had done what he saw his parents doing. In the physical environment, nothing should be done that the child should not imitate. Teaching is of no use at this age; it only takes effect when the etheric body is uncovered. Jean Paul calls the example the greatest slogan of education. You may ask a world traveler, and he will say that he has learned more from his mother or wet nurse in his early years than from all his travels. Under the protection of the outer physical environment, which love works into the outer shell, infinite powers develop. Jean Paul also says here: Look at the child, it learns the language and also the spirit of the language in inner education. What would man have achieved for later language formation if such power were preserved for him. The child has language-forming power; for example, it calls the person who makes the bottles, the flascher - and other things. The worst thing is if you don't keep the right order in education. Jean Paul says: “Consider the words the child uses” and then ask whether his father can explain it philosophically. This is how the talent for imitating letters comes about, but the child only learns to understand the meaning of the letters after the seventh year.

During the time between the seventh year and sexual maturity, memory, inclination and character are transformed. There are three aspects to consider: thinking, willing and feeling. These are fed by different teachers. The thinking that he has instinctively developed through the etheric body must be transformed. He has learned language, but now the meaning of what is spoken must be taught to him, the meaning of what he has imitated in forms. Therefore, didactic instruction should not be started too early, only when it is imaged in the child. Then the feeling and mind should be worked on with things that are called history. Try to let the child look up to the great personalities of world history. Religion is to be made the indispensable basis of education. The human being undergoes a process of will formation that appears to him as the primal being of the divine essence. The absorption of pictorial representations must form concepts, not the abstract form. Today it is not easy for the teacher to find the comparison for death, like from chrysalis to butterfly: the chrysalis opens and out flies the moth. In this way, the soul separates from the body at death. What one believes oneself has an effect on the child. Goethe says: “Everything that is transient is only a parable.” This is the image of the butterfly. There is a point of view where the spiritual person really believes it. Then the child is shown the supersensible image through a sensory image.

From this point of view, I would like to talk about a matter that is being presented very strangely today. What concern does the “stork's nest” pose? Our highly enlightened contemporaries say today that we must not teach children such lies. That is not the case. In five hundred years, our descendants will say of us: What strange people they are, who have crudely depicted the physical event. That is much more of a lie. The stork's nest image comes from a time when it was known that the process found spiritual expression in it. From the spiritual realm, the soul comes down, and that is the most important thing in this process. All going down and all going up is associated with flying beings. So it was also the flying being, the stork. The little song “Fly, beetle, fly” and so on - “Pommerland” means children's land – tells us about the flying scele that the mother brings out of the children's land. All fairy tales bring spiritual truth in a form that the child can understand. What is important is that the powers be developed. If in the first epoch the two magic words imitation and example must work, then in the second epoch it is succession and authority. The question of schooling will become a question of the teacher. Each person must choose the teacher who allows him to follow in the footsteps to Mount Olympus. What the child believes is what matters. The truth must be expressed in person, must have become flesh. Authority is the magic word in which the child's conscience, character and temperament are vividly recreated in the teacher.

With sexual maturity, the astral body is born. What confronts the human being in the world is laid bare within him. The time of the birth of the astral body is when the sexes become aware of what separates them; the child himself becomes acquainted with the relationship between male and female and learns to distinguish between them. Therefore, at that time, as little as possible of all this should be dealt with in theory. It is a mistake to think that a person only needs a period of exposure to the world from the age of fourteen onwards in order to become mature enough to judge for themselves. The astral body must mature, mature under the authority of the world, which has to add what it has to give. And then comes into consideration what the maturation brings about, the forces. From the fifteenth to the sixteenth year, ideal forces must be developed, life forces and desires. Whatever his ideal is, that is his strength. As the astral body matures, the muscular system strengthens. And just as school ends with sexual maturity, so the apprenticeship ends with the twenty-first year. After the apprenticeship, the birth of the free ego actually follows. It is there that the human being enters the world as an independent worker, where the wandering time begins. He must learn to work independently before he has matured, to influence life as a master.

During all this time, the human being is in a state of growth, and just as the human being continues to grow in his external organs until the age of twenty-eight, or even thirty, he also has an inner growth, because the body is the expression of the soul. This is how a person develops a foundation. First, the child develops by imitating a role model, then by following authority in their apprenticeship, and in their travels in free association. Then comes a time when everything in the person is exposed; this is the actual time of manhood and womanhood. From then on, the influence from outside ceases to a certain extent. At the age of thirty, fat begins to accumulate in the body and the person begins to broaden. This is a sign that the forces to be active within have diminished.

In the thirty-fifth year, the person begins to process the forces within him or herself beneficially. Until then, he works on the temporal part of his soul, which he brought with him from previous embodiments. From the age of thirty-five onwards, he begins to work on the eternal part of his soul. That is why everything we have learned only bears fruit from the age of thirty-five onwards, and we have something to give to the world. It is the time when we become firm within ourselves and gain weight within ourselves. If up to that time man must learn through the world and through life, then only from the thirty-fifth year onwards can the world learn from him. The youth should be advised, but only he who has risen above the sun's height can advise. Then he can give more than he takes from it. This is because the astral body comes out with sexual maturity, then it can work inwardly in its etheric body. As long as the muscles are still growing, this is not possible. When the muscles are no longer left to the body itself, the life body – ether body – becomes more and more solid, and it gives what is worked in it to the environment. Particularly gifted people can do this before the age of thirty-five, but it only has weight from the age of thirty-five. The ancient Greeks would never have allowed a person to guess before that time. Doing well, but not guessing. In all secret schools, all students before the age of thirty-five only entered the preparatory program.

Only when the powers had been released could they rise higher. When man grows old in this world, he only becomes young for the immortal one. It is a great fortune – a healthy developed person, he will have something modest around him and will choose his hero until then, whom he will emulate to reach Olympus. In particular, this must be a cause for great caution when young people with the highest knowledge of the world want to work in the world. This requires maturity and standing in the spiritual world. More and more, people internalize themselves, and there are no specific periods for this. Those who undergo a certain training – even if their hair has already turned white and their skin is wrinkled and withered – may still be the youngest. Those who have the youth of the soul will acquire the greatest powers even in old age. Even when memory declines, the formative power begins to weaken, the power of ideals dies, then one saves one's strength for all that, and they serve the cultivation of the immortal. Old age withers outwardly and brings forth the eternal in man.

This is also proof of human continuity. What grows and develops is the indestructible, incorruptible core of the human being. The more the environment loses interest in it, the more important what the person says and thinks at this age is for the world. That is why the ancients took the elders as their guides, also for the social order. They had the say, the thinking, that should remain, the imperishable in the perishable.

That is why spiritual science allows us to see this life in the right light. It gives us not only theories, but something that gives us strength and security in life, confidence in the great future of the world. Then the course of a person's life, with its ascents and deaths, has something very meaningful about it when we know how to live with this wisdom, according to the sublime saying: know thyself. It shows him how the world creates him and how he works out of himself. It shows us how we owe our existence to the world, but also that we can give. The bliss of taking and giving shows us this path.

Illness and health are words that interest everyone and that are, to a certain extent, at the center of our thoughts and feelings; not only for selfish reasons, but because our ability to live and our life's work are connected with them. Those who enjoy good health can be of greater help to their fellow human beings than those who are weighed down by illness and suffering; they will fulfill their work, their profession and their mission in the world with more joy.

When we speak of health and illness from a spiritual scientific point of view, we must be aware that we have to take a different point of view than the materialist. We have to raise our approach to a higher level. But to justify the term “disease delusion” to some extent, I would like to present two images. From the first, you will see that disease delusion is something modern, and from the second, you will see to what extent one can speak of disease delusion.

I was traveling with a well-known personality past many ruins picturesquely situated on the hills, but among the many newer buildings built up on the hills, many sanatoriums also appeared. The fellow traveler said: “Those ruins are a reminder of the strength and power of times gone by, and all the sanatoriums, on the other hand, are a reminder of weakness and illness.” I had the need to visit a sanatorium for a short time, a quarter of an hour. At that time, I just saw all the patients passing by for lunch. I got the impression that most of them could do something better than be there.

Another picture: I traveled from Rostock to Berlin with a gentleman and a lady. They shared their ailments with each other. The lady recommended various prescriptions to the gentleman for his various ailments, but he, on the other hand, drew her attention to Lahmann's book, which he had with him and which led him to the sanatorium. The woman had a few ailments, but the man certainly lacked the will to get well. For someone who does not observe himself much, it is what is called an imaginary illness. When you hear about it, you imagine it to be something slight. Even if the man lacked the will to get well, it is not so easy to give him the will without knowing the real cause of the illness. There is a cause for the illness. He was in pain from all sorts of things, and here too one could not speak of an imaginary illness. When we speak of delusions, we must be clear about how the cause of the illness relates to the imagined illness.

Anyone who observes life, first of all the physician who has acquired the ability to see and has recognized what is mental disposition and what is physical basis, can say a great deal about the role that imagination plays. For example, if a much-read article about some disease describes all the sensations that are felt by the patient, many people will come to the doctor who feel that they have a predisposition for this disease. Without that article, this would not have been the case!

The following example shows how a doctor can act in such a case: a famous doctor was called to a family where not only the family but also the family doctor believed that the young girl was suffering from meningitis. At first he suspected that love stories were to blame; then he found out that the young girl was to leave school, although she had an urgent desire to be taught subjects that particularly interested her. He promised to see that she was, on condition that she dress immediately and be at the family table in ten minutes. There was no trace of meningitis. It was generally a matter of some combination of mental states.

Another example: a lady had suffered from a long-lasting foot ailment since the death of her husband; it was attributed to her mental state. A doctor found a large corn on the sole of her foot, and after it was removed, the nerve pain was also lifted.

A doctor experienced the following: A brother was watching his brother perform knee surgery and heard a crack that seized him so energetically that he suddenly felt pain in his knee, while the person being operated on felt nothing. — Sleeping pills often have deceptive effects. Those who cannot distinguish in such cases where the line lies will never come to clarity. Certain forms of illness originate in the soul; they are connected with the life of the present time in the broadest sense.

If we want to understand this, we must turn to spiritual science for help. We must take into account the interaction of the different parts or members in the human being. The physical body is completely permeated by the etheric body; the latter forms the physical body. If the physical body were left to its own devices, it would disintegrate. The etheric body fights every moment to hold the physical body together. When it separates, the physical body is a corpse.

I would like to touch on one thing here: one of the hopes of science is that in the future, living things could be built in the laboratory. Spiritual science is clear that this will one day be the case. What holds the chemical substances together is what we call the etheric body. The carrier of desires, of pain and joy, suffering and pleasure, is the astral body. Every being feels a push as pain; humans feel this in the same way as animals.

Now let us speak of the fourth limb of man, of which I in relation to his three bodies. Whoever visualizes this structure will clearly understand that what we call pain, joy, and displeasure presupposes an astral body. Pain is only present where an astral body is present. How do these three bodies relate to one another?

Pleasure and suffering are not just the result of what happens in the physical body; pleasure and suffering are the formers of the etheric and physical bodies. The astral body was the first and was already there long before. Why are they structured the way they are? Ultimately, the astral body did. If we go back far, far, we come to a state of man when he was only the astral body.

You ask: What did such bodies look like millions of years ago? To our modern concept they looked grotesque and comical, with their boneless, soft bodies and long tentacles that could stretch out and retract. At that time, the soul first took possession of this strange body and gradually formed it into its present shape. A faint echo of this influence can still be seen today in the blanching or the blush that comes from fright. You see how a physical change can take place through a feeling in the soul. In those days man could still work mightily upon his body because the body was still quite soft. The astral body first works upon the etheric body and this in turn upon the physical body.

Let us make it clear how this influence occurs. Let us take any pain, any pleasure in the astral body; what arises in the etheric body? An image, a form, and this form is what lives into the physical body, so that the physical body is an imprint of this image.

Where did the astral body get its joy and sorrow from in ancient times? It was not something inner. It experienced its environment. At that time it did not experience it through the eyes and ears. Body forms are the expression of the joy and sorrow of the environment. You must think of the four parts or limbs of the human being in a much more intimate connection than was the case with the previous world. Man increasingly became absorbed in his physical self. In the past, the astral body was more creative. It transformed the physical body. In essence, this transformation is now almost complete; that is why we also experience what is happening in the physical body.

Let us try to understand the nature of pain that is caused from within. What causes pain? The astral body is the agent. Let us take the following case: If a finger is cut off, it only affects the physical finger; the astral one cannot be cut. Why does it hurt? Because the connection between the two is inhibited. Inhibition of the astral body is pain. Where the activity is not inhibited, there can be no pain.

What is to be considered here? Here is a comparison. Someone was quite clear that he had a defect in his eye that made him see a kind of ghost at dusk or in certain light effects; there was a cloudiness in his eye. The same thing that happens in the physical body can also happen to the higher body, the etheric body. A person's etheric body receives an incorrect impression, a clouding. The person's own clouding inhibits the astral process. What then occurs? Pain without a physical cause. The astral body has to create images. If the ether body is not right, then distorted images appear. Pain can arise from the physical body being damaged, but it is also possible for the astral body to form its own obstacle. If the ether body produces false images, it contradicts the physical body. This creates a false sense of being in the physical world,

Without a cause of the illness, imitation can occur. This has a profound consequence for our world view. It makes us independent. But it also makes it clear to us that a physical illness can only be cured by acting on the physical body. Whether we are outwardly injured or have a stomach upset, in truth it is outward injuries that must also be healed from the physical realm. What is it different when inhibition arises in the astral body? What harm does it do? If you hold that these are not three separate parts, if you assume that the higher bodies are formers, albeit within narrower limits than before, then you must assume that it cannot be meaningless for the physical body when inhibitions occur in the astral body. If you cut into the flesh, it hurts; cutting off hair and nails does not hurt. This fact is of fundamental importance for understanding. Everything that can be injured in a living being and does not hurt will grow again. In plants, the leaf or flower is replaced because it does not feel pain. Lower animals do the same; they can be cut into pieces and the detached parts are replaced again. The astral body is the carrier of pain and desire; the etheric body is the carrier of growth.

Pain is something that has a destructive effect on the etheric and physical body. Persistent pain gradually kills the limb that it seizes. How can we achieve a healing effect? The physical doctor achieves results through physical means. But he will never be able to intervene on the astral body, which imitates the disease, through physical means. What should we do then? If you were to give medicines, no effect would be achieved, and perhaps a disease would be created. In a pharmacopoeia you can read: a poison makes the body sick, except when it can fight with another poison in the body. Therefore, one must carefully distinguish the causes of disease.

How can we treat an ailing etheric body? Here I would like to point out just one specific fact: everything that affects a person in a way that is in harmony with the harmonious laws of the world destroys all such symptoms of illness that take hold in the physical body.

Here two modes of perception are important. One is where a person is always concerned with his ego. The other mode of perception goes beyond the ego, is concerned with art, takes pleasure in the world of the stars, in nature and in others, and can become absorbed and forget itself in this. The prevalence of the first mode of perception breeds bodies that tend towards illness and produce illness. Those who forget themselves are able to forget pain or causes of pain that arise in the astral body. Just as the former mode of perception can have a negative effect, the latter can have a healing effect. Every pain that is overcome is constructive. We must overcome pain through the power developed within us. For those who are devoted to the great cosmic connections, the processes of their astral body will be creative; where they are lacking, illness is produced.

Where do the many ailments of our time come from? The real reason is that so few people turn to the great interests of the universe. Those who send their spirit up there bring healing. Those who stand before a motley of color splotches that has no deep meaning derive no benefit. But those who stand before a work of art through which the divine spiritual shines through will feel a healing effect. To the extent that the materialism of our time exerts its effect, the astral and physical bodies must become ill. Such illnesses are all nervous disorders, neurasthenia and others. Plagues and epidemics can occur as materialism increases. If people were to free themselves from their limited ego, much would be released from them. The truth is that a high world view is the only thing that can heal and restore health.

But there is also a downside to this: if you brood over something once or twice, it does no harm. But if you do it several times, it has a bad effect because then the person is too concerned with his or her own ego. But anyone who seeks to break away from their ego, who seeks to bring themselves into harmony with the laws of the world and turns to the great facts of the universe, will come to the truth about how to get well. Superstition is the disease of the present time. It is more useful to do something to get away from oneself and to turn one's gaze thoroughly to the great spiritual world connections.

Theosophy and spiritual science are not given to satisfy curiosity, but so that man may learn to get away from the ego. In this way he will found his health more firmly.

Those researchers will not be harmed by materialism, such as Haeckel, who immersed himself in it in a particular way. When thoughts indirectly affect the three bodies, their frequent recurrence has an effect on the whole human constitution. In this way, the soul affects the physical. I would always like to point out that if we can attune ourselves to the harmony of the universe, we can expect real healing. The soul has built its body, and if the soul is given healthy spiritual nourishment, it will shape the body healthily.

Answer to question

{The question has not been handed down.]

Answer: Irreligiosity has a very special significance; it can be a cause of illness. Not only the thought, but also the feeling that turns to the divine, has its importance. [Question not handed down.] Answer: If one works with the whole person, overwork is almost out of the question.

The work must, however, be of benefit. All fruitless labor is harmful.

Today's discussion is a kind of continuation of what we were only able to touch on in broad, sketchy lines yesterday, a topic of great importance. Yesterday we spoke of the delusion surrounding being ill, so today we will deal with something that seems quite similar: the health fever.

There are so many things available today to maintain or improve our health. Here is an example: a friend who felt overworked went to a sanatorium to recover. He showed me a note of his daily activities there. Every hour was filled with something different. So I asked him: “When did you have more to do, now or during your usual working hours?”

Everyone seeks to find health, and the ways to do so are constantly changing; even experts admit that. Whether someone tries it in a “Christian scientific” or unchristian way is irrelevant. No one is to be blamed for seeking health. The only question is: [What is] the right way? Is this “feverish” search for health really justified?

Let me choose an analogy. There are two ways of pursuing prosperity. One is to acquire prosperity in order to have the opportunity to serve others. However, it is different if you accumulate money for the sake of money. Then it does not fulfill its purpose in the world. Similarly, the pursuit of health becomes an end in itself and thus an enemy of health. The underlying reason for this is that today people are no longer aware that there is a spiritual world. However, it is not enough to know the seven basic parts of the human body. It is dry theory if it is not put into practice in life.

What is the use of just looking for health? Does anyone today think of asking about the etheric or astral body in order to test the correctness of a food? In many cases today, nutrition is discussed from a purely materialistic point of view. Today we want to do this from a spiritual scientific point of view.

We must be clear that the physical body is only a chemical structure. What is the function of the etheric body? When we study plants, we can see how many stages a form of existence repeats through, how the same species reappears year after year. Repetition is the essence of the forces that are in the etheric body. The principle of the etheric body is based on similarity or partial similarity and partial modification. In the human being, an organ only changes gradually. You can observe this in the human spine, how the ring-shaped bones of the spine gradually change until they form the vertebra in the head, where they enclose the brain. This repetition is interrupted by the forces of the astral body. The astral body must restrict them and therefore produces pleasure and pain. This restriction gives rise to sensation in animals and humans.

However, we must distinguish between animals and humans. Man has, so to speak, a two-part astral body; man has a body permeated by an ego. Because man has a two-part astral body, man can be subject to completely different symptoms than animals.

What must the physical body carry within itself to be complete? It must be able to properly carry out physical and chemical processes. The etheric body must express its power; it must reproduce and bring forth again. If it cannot do this, it will be the source of illness. The astral body is the source of pleasure, suffering and joy. Every elevated mood also expresses the thriving mood of the etheric body. Just as the etheric body is only healthy when it can bring forth, so the astral body is healthy when it is able to experience comfort and enjoyment. These three things must harmonize with each other.

Let me give you an example to show how animals and humans differ from each other. The animal has an astral body - the lion, tiger, monkey - from which no limb can be removed or reshaped. In humans, however, a transformation is constantly taking place. The part that is shaped by the ego must be brought into the right relationship with these lower limbs. Culture changes the human being; the animal cannot step out of its living conditions because its astral body has a certain form. The human being must reshape everything from his ego, and this has an effect on himself. Monkeys are healthy in the wild; they cannot tolerate captivity, they become tubercular. Why? Because their astral body has a certain form and cannot adapt to artificial conditions. If a human being were in the same situation, a state of culture would be impossible. How must a human being work in his culture? He must find ways to ensure that his astral body has an effect on his other two bodies: the etheric and physical bodies.

We want to start here with the consideration of external facts. Science – and that is good – proceeds with microscopic examinations. I will give you some connections from spiritual science. The human being consists of soft tissues that gradually develop into muscles, cartilage and bones. Lower animals have only soft tissues. The cartilage mass is there so that bone mass can be inserted. In the course of development, this ossification has been initiated. The ossification of the human being is very important; it is a disadvantage if it does not reach its correct goal. The ossification of the human being is completed by the age of seven. From then on, a different period of life begins. From birth onwards, the ossification must proceed in the right way, the soft parts must lag behind. If his organism is such that he cannot build enough into this etheric body, this shows most drastically in the teeth; they become defective. But it is not only related to the teeth. There is something wrong with the etheric body. Bad teeth and childbed fever are connected.

Human development must progress. In animals, development stops. Six thousand years ago, the brains of humans were formed quite differently, even the ossification. The change is seemingly small, but for the nature of man it is very big. The development ties in with the ossification. All human beings have a certain struggle in their own bodies – spiritually trained people can see this: soft tissue has the tendency to hold back ossification. Wherever something is wrong, you can see the tendency towards effeminacy – rickets. Here it is the skipping of a certain principle that is necessary for development.

This is also the case with something else – the external appearances are of no concern to us in relation to the spiritual: the form of the disease as tuberculosis. Here, as it were, a skipping, an over-snapping has taken place. The process of hardening is a correct principle, only here it is distorted into exaggeration.

The following is an important consequence: the human being must adapt to the process of civilization, although this adaptation can also go too far in one direction or the other. What are the causes of disease? These are connected with the process of progress, which is a source of disease-causing agents. The ego must find the right balance here. As a trained occultist, one can indicate what should be done so that there is no overburdening of the forces. The human organism is not designed to return to natural conditions; the person would have to deny the process of civilization.

Now I want to state a categorical sentence: it is not at all important to fight the causes of illness, but to strengthen the person to endure these conditions of illness, to create the most favorable conditions possible to transform their existence. If a person has lost their hand, they must be given the opportunity to live with this defect as well as possible, while remaining healthy and strong. There is a standard that is necessary for the self. I am linking this to vegetarianism.

It is quite good for a person to live this way, but it is only a stopgap. In the true, occult sense, there is only one reason and that is that one cannot eat meat. People eat without understanding, without doing so in the sense of devoutness in the occult sense. Gobbling is as unoccult as possible. One should enjoy food with thoughts of how it arises in nature, what path it has taken to maturity. Then one eats spiritually. It is not about putting so and so much material into the body. Man must eat with soul and spirit: the sun has shone on the leaf and the herb, the root has sunk into the earth and so on. Harmony arises when man eats thoughtfully. It is non-occult to see matter only as matter. Matter is condensed spirit. It is a good thing for people to pray before eating, that the divine is in it, that one eats the spirit of the world. This creates a feeling of elevation.

There is a certain point in occult knowledge where you know the nature of incarnation; you can no longer eat it, it disgusts you because you recognize what meat is. It depends on an unspoiled taste. The animal has it, man must first acquire it again, must arouse comfort and enjoyment in him, which is healthy for him, disgust for what is harmful to him. Man will learn what he must have.

All this feverish hunting for externally prescribed rules and laws is contrary to a truly healthy view of life. If sunbathing is really pleasant for you, it is helpful for you. If someone travels to the south, he may have short-term success. But what matters is to create living conditions that fill people with enjoyment and comfort. Enjoyment is the creator; it brings back into balance what was thrown out of balance in the astral body. A healthy sense of comfort must be achieved. Asceticism does not do it. It depends on what one is comfortable with. If people feel comfortable frequenting dives, it is no use trying to get them out of them. You have to make it so that they no longer feel comfortable there. If we find spiritual satisfaction, then we belong in the spiritual sphere. If we want to promote health, we must teach people comfort, pleasure and joy for the spiritual.

We can cultivate the etheric body by stimulating the creative power. After the seventh year, we should be careful not to give the child concepts, but images; these stimulate. Religious writings, which have a thousand-fold meaning, make the child creative. Expose children to artistic creations: Laocoon, a statue of Zeus, Pallas Athena and the like; later on, let them read classical works. How the versatility of thought is stimulated! So much has been written about Goethe's “Faust”, and how different it all is! Thank God that people can argue about it, that everyone can still think for themselves. Where there is free, spiritual movement, there is invigorating power. Everything must awaken the feeling. Let us do gymnastics, let us move outdoors – everything that is beneficial for my health must awaken the feeling in us: I become strong, I grow.

The ancient Greek games were so captivating; even the entire watching population was drawn into this feeling. Michelangelo had such a vivid sense of space! How the space is distributed in the [Sistine] Chapel in Rome, how the painting is adapted to the spatial conditions, how it connects to the towering ceiling. When you feel the work of art in this way, the etheric body is transformed.

Here I would like to draw on the sunbath. It is only useful insofar as it evokes a sense of comfort and a sense of life in us. We need to feel the power of the sun as an invigorating force.

We would live much healthier lives if we could harmonize the feeling of growth with our lives. We should go there, we should do that, which makes us feel stimulated. We can best promote health when it is not an end in itself and when we seek out what awakens pleasure and joy in being. One must seek to transform the human being so that he adapts to the circumstances. Ultimately, it must come to pass that the human being can be the measure of his own health. The more independent and free, the better. The more we seek to regard the human being as a given, the better it is for us. If we are able to make the human being more joyful in life, then we are truly working for his health. We should think like Paracelsus, who says: “The physician must be an artist who considers each individual case on its own merits.

One must recognize the living conditions that go beyond life. Thus, our contemplation points us to the spirit, and we recognize that theosophy is something that has a profound effect and will serve people.

Answer to question

[Questions not provided.]

Answer: As a rule, coffee has an instant stimulating effect; over time, it weakens. It promotes logical thinking; one thought is carried out and another is logically connected. It is quite natural, for example, for a journalist to visit cafes; in fact, coffee helps him to develop ideas.

Tea enjoyment does not result in the coupling of thoughts, but in the jumping of thoughts, making witty people feel witty. It is the drink of diplomats. However, the effects are different for different peoples. The Russians are still a youthful people; tea has a different effect on them than on older peoples. Smoking tobacco is fairly indifferent for occult training. In fact, the smoke even helps to drive away elemental beings.

Alcohol is poison for occult training.

Milk is life-promoting; although it comes from animals, milk formation follows very special paths.

Meat has a withering effect, because meat is a product of decay. Those who eat pork really enjoy something of the character of the pig, thus eating the whole pig.

When we eat fish, we eat – enjoy – the entire animal kingdom.

Question: Monks, who at least in the monasteries had occult training, enjoyed plenty of fish?

Answer: It was just in an earlier time, where wine was drunk by the monks, they drank a lot of wine. Occult training also changes.

{Question not handed down.

Answer: If children want to, let them eat meat. But all of humanity will develop in the direction of not eating meat anymore. You can't quibble over works of art, that's brooding or pondering; they simply have to affect us.

The question of “man and woman”, which is the question of the day, must be considered from a higher point of view through theosophy and should occupy us today. However, this consideration also leads us down into the practical.

Our time wants to have overcome materialistic thinking and feeling. In a sense it has; nevertheless, a materialistic attitude still prevails in the tone of our time. It is not so much the big questions of existence that suffer from this as what is happening directly in our environment. It is only through theosophy that this question can be put into the right perspective. The women's issue of the present time is a justified trend. But we need only let such questions pass before our soul to realize how little our time is able to judge. As a test, I will mention here various judgments passed by so-called important people on the nature of women. An important naturalist, a man of public political life, tried to summarize his judgment as follows: All of a woman's qualities point to one thing, and that is gentleness. Another thinker: “The essence of a woman in all her qualities culminates in the word ‘temperance’.” An important German philosopher characterized the way a woman thinks. There are two directions of thought: firstly, analysis – dissecting thinking – and secondly, synthesis – a joining together of thoughts. Those who know how to combine both activities of thinking correctly have the right harmony. Generally speaking, one of the two approaches is more prevalent in men. This German philosopher calls women's thinking analytical and men's thinking synthetic. Another thinker says the opposite. Another sees the preserving element in everything that a woman does; another, who knows history, calls her a subverter.

Where do these contradictions, these one-sided views come from? In the outside world, everything is truly distinct from one another; for example, a tree: one person draws it from this side, another from that; both pictures will be quite different. The purpose of spiritual science is to help people overcome such one-sidedness. In our time, everything is again aimed at overcoming this one-sidedness. People who think something today no longer feel at home in materialistic thinking.

Perhaps you have heard of a book that caused quite a stir some time ago: “Sex and Character”; its author was the unfortunate Weininger, who later took his own life. The thinking in this book comes from the natural sciences and combines the ideas of man and woman in a very materialistic way. It says: If we look at the individual human being, we find a mixture; man is feminine, woman is masculine. If we look at this idea in a supersensible way, it is quite correct, but in Weininger's book it is materialistically understood and seems quite monstrous. He presents a mixture of substances. Nothing but materialistic paradoxes — apparent absurdities — can be derived from it. Weininger comes to the conclusion: Woman lacks: I, personality, individuality, character, freedom and will. — What is left then? One could also ask: If we look at a man; since he is half woman, does he also lack half of: I, personality, individuality and so on? Nevertheless, there is an inkling here of something correct. Here, the human essence is considered only in terms of its lowest link, namely, in terms of its physical body. But man is only recognized when one considers the properties of his four-part essence: the physical body, etheric body, astral body and the ego.

Today, we are particularly interested in the truth, which may seem insane, namely that the physical body and the etheric body are in some ways opposed, like north and south, positive and negative. They are opposites in relation to the male and female. The etheric body is of the opposite sex of the physical body. Everyone carries these opposites within themselves. This becomes understandable to us in the qualities of women: loving devotion, compassion, which, when they can be increased, can increase to the level of male bravery. On the other hand, increased male qualities take on the qualities of the female character. A myriad of phenomena can be explained to you by taking into account the etheric body in addition to the physical body. How can our concepts be purified by such views?

Let us consider the phenomenon of sleep. It is the state where all feelings and sensations sink into the indefinite dark. When a person sleeps, the astral body escapes with the ego, leaving behind the physical body and etheric body, and upon awakening, it plunges back into the latter. Why does the astral body sink back into it with the ego? Because it receives impressions through the physical senses; for the physical eye does not see and the physical ear does not hear. Today man cannot yet perceive through the astral body, but later on it will be the case. Today the astral body is in the same position as our physical body once was, when in gray, gray prehistoric times the physical senses began to develop. So it will be one day when the astral body has developed its organs. Then the masculine and the feminine will be brought into one realm.

Just as I and the astral body submerge, so every man - and every woman - only becomes a sexual being every morning upon awakening, when he submerges. These concepts are only on the outside of man. The Bible verse: “There is no marriage in heaven” (Matt. 22:30; Mark 12:25; Luke 20:35f.) becomes understandable to us through this. Man is in the heavens at night. We must not believe that there are no similar contrasts in the higher worlds. If we follow man up into sleep, we also encounter contrasts. When man leaves his physical and etheric bodies every night, he first enters the astral world.

The first contrasts we find in the astral world are those of form and life, or, let us say, death and life. These contrasts exist so that harmony can develop in the further evolution of the world.

Let us try to understand how, in our existence, death manifests itself as form and life as becoming. Observe a plant and see how the root sprouts, the stem forms, leaves and flowers sprout. In the bark of the tree you have the affiliation of death to life. Inside, the plant retains its living becoming. The bark is the enveloping death. Thus you can find the interaction between death and life everywhere, and it is here that true existence first reveals itself. It is no coincidence that the ancient initiates, the Druids, were named after the “oak”. They formed a protective shell around themselves in order to make the inner self all the more viable. Where there is increased life, there will also be increased death as a “wrapping” of life. This contrast between dying and awakening is evident everywhere. With the same sharpness as the male and the female in the physical world, the active death and the active life are expressed in the astral world.

You can also find these contrasts expressed in art. To make this point clear, I will mention the Juno Ludovisi. In its form, one immediately sees something finished. If you study the whole, look at the width of the forehead, you say to yourself, there is spirit, a lot of spirit. The spirit that lives in it and is constantly being created has become external form. You can see the source completely flowing out on the face. The life of the soul has become rigid in an instant, has died. In the Zeus head, you find the opposite in a sense. There is a narrow forehead formation, deep wrinkles in the forehead, and a beautiful form, but it is possible that life could take a different form. This is the contrast that you will learn to recognize in its fullness. One is the dying of death, the beauty of death, the other is the developing life. This contrast between the dying form and the ever-newly kindling life is expressed in the masculine and the feminine. If there were only the masculine, there would only be consuming life; the image of the form is expressed in the feminine physical form. Thus they present themselves: life and form, becoming and dying away. Life in the feminine radiates towards us, the life that wants to sustain and continue itself; in the masculine, a form that would be fully developed, eternal. Thus, in our lives, man and woman struggle with each other, and so do death and life.

Wherever there is an awareness or a presentiment of these facts, symbols and myths appear in a completely different light, for example a fact of a biblical myth, although every symbol has more than one explanation; and therein lies the power and strength of the symbol, that it is meaningful, for example the myth of the serpent. There you will find the words: “I will put enmity between you and the woman and between your seed and her seed. He shall bruise your head and you shall bruise his heel.” (Genesis 3:15) In this we have an indication of the meaning of these words: male and female. The one from whom this myth originates wanted to point to the duality of the human being. Nature, which strives for form, must be overcome by that which is becoming eternal. The higher nature of man, which overcomes form, is Eve; man's attachment is the serpent. The higher feminine nature should overcome that which goes outwards. Goethe spoke a deeply mystical word:

The eternal feminine draws us upward!

The time behind us, the culture of man, is over. Now is the time when man and woman work together on culture, and that is the basis for the real question of women: male – physical and female – ethereal. The power of action lies in the conquest of form. The one will find itself in the other, and so, in contrast, true harmony will arise. True strength will find itself in the other, and only then will true creativity arise.

Today I want to talk about how Theosophy can be directly applied to the art of living, how it can refine and purify our everyday feelings and thus be made useful. Theosophical concepts can be applied directly to life in the context of husband, wife and child. However, there is great diversity here, because they are not as simple as one might imagine.

All ages have grappled with the question: What does the child get from the parents, what is the relationship of the parents to the child, and what relationship to the new generation in general? In our time, the question of how parental traits are passed on to the child is of particular concern, and to what extent the parents' traits become a kind of destiny for the children. These questions also arise in art, for example in Ibsen's “Ghosts”, where the inheritance from the parents is carried out in such a terrible fate for the child. It is reminiscent of the fate in the Greek tragedies, only drawn into materialism. All this shows that this question has aroused a deep interest. Only he can form a judgment on it who regards the human being as a whole in its fourfold nature. Our time, after all, sees only the physical body. But the question must be considered in two ways: first, in what form the child's part is to be considered, and then, to what extent the parents are involved in what comes from the child.

The physical sciences have a word for this relationship: “inheritance”. They use it for humans and also for lower organisms, and apply it to humans quite mechanically. These sciences are unaware of a fact: that a great lawfulness runs through all levels of existence, but that these facts increase.

Inheritance is something completely different for humans than for lower creatures. If we draw comparisons with facts from the lower nature, we find two closely related concepts: the concepts of reproduction and love. Love already occurs in lower creatures and becomes more refined up to humans. I am not talking about the concept here, but about something real, such as electricity. It is a real force that passes through all people, only this love is in a completely different situation. When a lower creature reaches its peak and is ready to reproduce, love comes into it. We see that these lower creatures are exhausted afterwards and soon die. For them, death is the connection to and the consequence of love. It is no different with plants; after fertilization and after the germ for the next plant has been created, they die. But if we go up to higher living beings, we see that they preserve something beyond love. The plant preserves nothing, it dies; we also find this in lower animals; love brings them death. But a higher being preserves its individuality. This is most highly developed in humans. In this, man differs quite essentially from the animal closest to him.

There is a fact that characterizes the fundamental difference between man and all animals. Usually this is not recognized in the right light, nor in the right weight. The fact seems simple: man can be described by us as a single, individual being. This is of the same interest to us as when we describe an entire species in the animal. In the case of the lion, for example, we are not so much interested in its characteristics, but our interest remains with the species. You cannot write a biography of an animal; that makes it clear to you. Man, as a single human being, is a species in itself. The biography shows us very clearly what esoteric science teaches us: the necessity of re-embodiment. In animals, we simply find a similarity to our parents. But do we understand Schiller when we observe his parents? He may well have his nose, his walk, his posture, even his predisposition to illness from his parents, but we will never find in them what makes Schiller Schiller for humanity.

It used to be assumed that fish could develop in river mud. The first to break the mold was the Italian naturalist Redi. He almost fell prey to the Inquisition for claiming that living things must arise from living things. Today we take this for granted. But in the realm of the soul and spirit, the whole of science believes it. It does not ask in the case of Schiller, where do the soul qualities come from? Theosophy answers: through re-embodiment. Schiller's innermost being did not come from his ancestors, but from the figure in his previous life. Thus, we see in every human being what has its origins in an earlier life, and this sheds a proper light on the relationship between father, mother and child. The parents only provide the shell for this being to take on, which is basically its own offspring.

It is similar with the plant germ that is sunk into the earth. The idea, the thought, contains the whole form, but it would never have come into being without this mother earth; likewise, nothing comes into being unless the germ enters into it. A patch of earth provides the opportunity for plant germs to develop, but it is the earth that helps to determine whether it will become a bean plant or a pea plant. For higher spiritual science, it is similar with the higher self of man. After the time between birth and death, man lives in another world, in Devachan. There he remains until he is ripe for new embodiment. Then something must be given to him so that the power within him can become saturated with material, and so the germ from the spiritual world receives its covering through the parents. We can no longer say that parents pass on to the child what is insofar as the earth has only a certain part of the plant.

Now let us consider the four-fold nature of man, and what part each has. The newborn child undergoes a different kind of development of its individual parts. From birth to the change of teeth, the physical body takes on its form. It comes to an end with the child's own teeth; the first teeth are inherited. The form grows and expands, but it itself is determined. From the seventh year to sexual maturity, the etheric body develops. This forms the final point.

When a person reaches sexual maturity, he becomes capable of producing an equal being. The astral body develops from about the ages of 14 to 21. Just as all the properties of the physical body develop up to the age of seven, the properties of the astral body, all the instincts and feelings that lead the person into the future, develop during this time. It is a crime if during this time the rosiness of hope is neglected, the bliss of the astral body. By the age of twenty-two the I in man comes out. Thus every single part of the human being develops gradually.

What part of it comes from our previous life and what part is inherited from our parents? We can learn a great deal about this from the fact mentioned above. In the lower animals, because nothing remains behind at sexual maturity, nothing will remain from previous lives; they will die out; no individuality is present; they die when they love.

Now you will understand that something is basically inherited, something is anchored in the physical and etheric bodies, and that the astral body and the ego must lead back to the previous life. What can be similar to the physical form comes out up to the seventh year. Until sexual maturity, we recognize which qualities are inherited from the father and mother. At sexual maturity, things come out that come from previous lives. The more the being rescues itself after it has reached sexual maturity, the more is not inherited. Nevertheless, what was acquired earlier is already there before, as can be seen from the fact that predispositions show up in early youth. They cast their shadows before, if they cannot come from father or mother. The father and mother have a mixed share in the physical body and etheric body.

Sometimes a child may resemble its mother more, then its father more. This is due to the fact that there is a feminine in every man and a masculine in every woman. Here, four influences are at work. For the astral body and the ego, the situation is more complicated. What was put into it earlier is important. By way of comparison, I would like to mention something here: A person who has a certain individuality lives in very comfortable domestic circumstances, but due to some event he has to make do with a miserable apartment. This will have a certain influence on him, but nevertheless the person remains the same, and he has to adapt to the circumstances. The parents are not the creators, they are only the dwelling, and the living beings have to fit into it.

What comes from the woman has its influence primarily on the astral body, what comes from the man on the “I” of the child. The artistic, poetic comes more from the mother, because these are qualities that are attached to the astral. On the other hand, what has more to do with the ordering, practical life, with the “I” is connected, comes from the father. As Goethe says:

From my father I have the stature
And manly leadership;
From my mother the cheerful nature
And the desire to tell stories.

Here we must mention alcohol and its devastating effects. Only those who are unaware of this can underestimate its influence on their offspring. Alcohol has a terrible effect on the “ego” and on astral things. If we observe a child whose father is an alcoholic, the race could be so strong that it overcomes the damage; we find tendencies towards morbidity that are all connected with crippledness of the “I”, with cretinism. They are much more widespread than one might think and will become much worse in the next generations if spiritual science is not used to counteract them.

There are facts below the surface of life where the “I” has much greater deficiencies than one might think. In many cases, people are considered particularly gifted, for example poets. Today, however, language is not an admirable gift at all. In truth, the times write; a columnist, an entertainment writer, can be weak-minded. There are bound to be effects of the “I” that are connected to alcoholism. In women, shadows are also evident in the formation of the astral body, through instability and a flight of ideas. Hysteria also shows that the astral body is not in order. In this disease you can find confirmation of what esoteric science says about the relationship between man, woman and child.

We see, then, that we must substantially reshape the superficial concepts of inheritance. The essential thing in all these things is that our horizons are broadened on the spiritual side, but also on the moral side. Transformation is the gold of morality. To what extent does Schopenhauer's brilliant glimpse of light find a certain justification: “By man and woman seeking each other, the offspring are already working?” It is a fine concept that we have to form for ourselves. You see ardent, passionate desire, which goes down to the animalistic and up to the highest, where love unites man and woman. There is a point of view, an egotistical one, that arises from desire. It is brought about by tremendous immoral stupidity. It is not true that every sexual urge must be satisfied; on the contrary, it benefits everything, even health, when this is not the case. Where love is combined with purity, a soul will find the best cover. There is an ideal where every lower urge is silenced, not out of abstinence, and yet still provides for human offspring. What that means for certain things, people are not yet ready to understand, but it will be a great happiness. They will learn to understand how the creation of one sex or the other is connected with cosmic and other conditions. If a word were to be revealed today, the greatest mischief would arise. Today, only these things can be touched upon.

What happens in the spiritual world after death? That which went up rests in Devachan to re-embody itself. This person first envelops himself in an astral body. Just as a magnet moving under a paper on which iron filings are spread arranges the filings, so the astral matter arranges itself into a new body. If you could see occultly, you would see the astral matter settling. What is it? It is something that is mixed with the embers of desire that goes from man to woman. Where desire is bad, bad things are mixed in, where love is pure, the astral matter is not defiled. The last stage lies in the greater or lesser purity of the love relationship. We cannot ascribe qualities from past lives, but we can prevent astral matter from becoming contaminated. In such views, purity becomes respect for the freedom of the incarnating human being. One must have grasped the ideas of re-embodiment.

From the child we move on to the future generation. Every child must be a mystery to the educator, because there is something supersensory behind their life that wants to come out. Nurturing and caring for this maturing, this supersensory in the child is the only way to educate it. And we can say: if we want to give the next generation an existence, then we must value the child's freedom in education.

In the life of the present, mainly the recognition of the sensual is shown. When the supersensible is recognized first, then the future is linked to the present and the past. When these ideas will have an effect on our actions, on our blood, then we have brought theosophy into life. Those who do not want knowledge because it is too inconvenient for them, figuratively speaking, cut off the tree at the root. Knowledge is the root and growing into the views is the trunk and crown, and we achieve this growth by incorporating Theosophy into our whole lives.

It has been more than 100 years since Schiller made the momentous statement: “Science and philosophy will continue to go their separate ways for a long time, only to come together in harmony in a distant time.

Have we come closer to the period of reconciliation in some respects? As a philosopher, Schiller came to the confession and observation that spiritual life is behind the physical.

What we call theosophy today brings us a different kind of knowledge of the spiritual world. Science, too, has experienced a lot in a century. That knowledge of the spiritual world shines into what is important to us, it speaks to our feelings and emotions. It might now seem that we are far from an understanding between science and philosophy. Those who only half understand a theosophical lecture or read about it often think that theosophy is empty chatter, a fantasy, and the theosophist who is under the influence and hypnosis of the scientific creed finds this justified. For many, theosophy is a temporary folly.

Today I want to give you a picture of the real situation today between natural science and spiritual science. I will sketch out the picture of natural scientific views and show you, firstly, the contradiction and how Theosophy stands in relation to it. Secondly, we will see how human life stands in relation to it.

What is the basis of this world? First, let us see what the mind can make of it. If we look around, we are surrounded by the world of sound, the world of colors, the world of smells, tastes and feelings. All of this assails our senses. Now, in the course of the nineteenth century, a certain scientific creed has emerged. In our educational institutions, the image is no longer emphasized so strongly, but through books and many other channels, it has become so widespread that it is generally assumed to be true. This raises the question of what lies behind these perceptions. From a seemingly fully developed scientific premise, it is assumed that all this diversity actually exists only in our sensory perception.

Many emphasize that, for example, color only exists in us, while outside there is only vibrating, moving matter. Color arises from ether vibrations. If we close our eyes, there is no red, only colorless moving matter. If we continue in this direction and assume that all beings lose their eyes, there would no longer be any red, only colorless, vibrating ether matter.

This has been imagined not only in relation to color, but to all sensory perceptions. At that time, for example, it was said: If you dip your hands into a kettle of hot substance and feel warmth, this perception is only contained in your feeling; in the kettle is only moving matter. If there were no eye, the world would be dark and colorless, only moving matter. If you take away all beings, what remains is moving matter. — You also said: Behind the diversity of our perceptions, the world is filled with colliding particles of matter; they give color and warmth.

In their time, there were some consistent scholars who are not held in particularly high regard today, but who had the courage to think these ideas through consistently and draw conclusions. Büchner, [Vogt], Moleschott: what did the image of the world reveal to them? It follows that man also consists of nothing more than moving atoms and molecules.

What happens then? Here you are, there is the world, and there arises the whole world that you imagine. It is impossible for this to remain mere theory. For these thinkers, it did not remain theory. They said: If man is nothing but swirling matter, then death is a falling apart, and all existence that is supposed to continue is a delusion. They regarded all talk about immortality as playing with words, and thought it should be consigned to the past.

Helmholtz, a cautious thinker, regards all sensory perceptions as signs of objective existence.

It was now found that these substances, which surround matter, can be broken down, and 70 different substances were distinguished. They said to themselves: All matter in space is divided into the smallest parts, into granular matter. They imagined that water is formed in this way: oxygen and hydrogen face each other in the smallest parts, and when they march through each other, they embrace and are water.

So what is eternal after all? Eternal is only the atom of a simple element. Science makes the atom its fetish, its idol. Everything else is a rising and falling of matter. Everything disappears in death, the world is haze and fog, behind it lies the eternal atom.

Now let us consider the second question and see how human life relates to it. When the question arose: Where did man come from, where did he come from? – it was found: Man originated from lower, imperfect creatures. It was said that speech, thought, and moral sense are only a development of what the animal also has. The animal has a voice and shows memory; the dog shows an echo of religious feelings in the loyalty with which it worships its master; these are echoes of the feelings of man towards his God.

Let us, instead, replace these with the two images of the theosophical world view. For them, color, warmth, properties, are real existence. We can experience color, sound, smell, taste, feeling; and when we find them, like color, hardness and so on, in a thing, we recognize a material body. For the theosophist today, these sensory perceptions are something that can be experienced and learned. The one who sees spiritually sees the active spirit.

Just as ice is related to water, so is matter related to spirit in spiritual research. Theosophy sees, roughly speaking, condensed spirit in all matter. Sound, color, even movement is condensed spirit. What we see behind it, we know because we experience it ourselves. If we search within ourselves, we feel spirit; we see the active spirit in things, the spirit of whose substance we ourselves consist.

What does spiritual science have to say against the atomistic worldview? We ask: What is the atom? We cannot regard as reality that which is not colored, that which does not taste, for these are not qualities of the atom. The atom has no color, no, for this is caused by the movement of matter. The atom would be a figment of the imagination if it were presented as reality.

What is the attitude of natural science towards this atomistic world view? Du Bois-Reymond expressed himself in a lecture to the effect that I am briefly hinting at here, that the genuine, true natural scientist traces everything he perceives in the world back to moving matter. He said something at the time that is important for spiritual science today. He repeated Leibniz, who said: Imagine that the human brain is so large that you could put yourself inside it. If the soul has the perception that I see red, I smell the scent of roses, I hear the sound of an organ, then one could examine how certain parts of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen move. The movement in the brain could also be seen, but the sensation of “I see red” cannot be understood. Du Bois-Reymond says: A bridge will never be built, it is never possible to see how the atoms move. He concluded his observation as follows: Let us now consider a sleeping person. For him, the experience of “I see red” has sunk into an unconscious darkness. The natural scientist can explain what is lying in the bed, but when “I see red” arises in the morning, we cannot build a bridge to this sensation. “Ignorabimus” — we will never recognize. The natural scientist can never build a bridge to the spiritual.

Here is another view. I will tie in with a natural science meeting. In his speech ‘Overcoming Materialism’, the chemist Ostwald showed that the assumption of a material behind the phenomenon makes no sense. What lies behind it is forces, energy. When you receive a blow, you are first interested in the force of the blow. Thus a sum of force took the place of a sum of atoms. We see from this how a doubt arose in the mind of a natural scientist. Then a natural scientist came up with the idea that man descended from apes, from imperfect living beings.

What does spiritual science have to say in place of this view? What is man in his sleep to spiritual research? It would be nonsense to think that the sum total of experiences disappears in the evening only to reappear the next morning. What is the carrier of “I see red” is not united with the sleeping person. In the theosophical view of the world, we recognize four real parts of the human being: physical body, etheric body, astral body and the “I”. The physical and etheric bodies are, roughly speaking, a condensed astral body. The astral body is nothing more than a tumult of pain, joy, suffering, and inner experiences. Material processes are the effects of spiritual processes.

In response to this, it has been said: You don't imagine that pain and suffering resonate freely in space? This “great foolishness” is true.

What is the material effect of the spiritual? I will mention two processes: the feeling of shame and the feeling of fear and terror. These are mental processes. The blood is distributed differently in the organism.

There is a materialistic world view: pragmatism – a combination of cause and effect – which says: a person does not cry because he is sad, but he is sad because he cries.

They know that the emotional process of feeling fear causes material effects. What today appears to be only a kind of residue was present to a much greater extent in the past.

What is the sleeping human being for spiritual science? Physical and etheric body. The astral body with the ego is elevated. In the future, when we have developed astral qualities, we will know more during sleep than during the day. What does the astral body have to do at night? It is busy removing the accumulated fatigue. The materialist will also say: Don't you know that science knows the reasons for fatigue? The answer to this is a [parable]: a person gives another a good slap in the face. A third person says: I know very well that anger is the reason. The other person says: You fantasist, you are talking about emotional events, I only saw him raise his hand and strike.

Man started out as spirit. Let me give you an image of the development: Imagine many lumps of water. Suppose a part inside formed into ice lumps; in some the ice lump would fall out, in others it would be retained. In the latter case, the ice lump can become larger and larger. Now some of these would let a larger ice lump fall out. Those that fell out remained on their step, those that remained inside continued to develop until each had created its own image in the water. That is the image of man.

The astral man forms a tiny physical body for himself. Some of them fell out. Today these are the most imperfect creatures. In others, in whom the development continued, where more was forced in, the fish emerged; then other animals followed until the development of man. He left the stages of his continuous development behind in the animals. They are degenerated developments of man.

Perfection consists in his expressing in an external material image that which he previously had only internally.

What does science say about its own image of the origin from the ape? Some naturalists have come to the conclusion that, no, when we look at the ape, we can no longer justify the assumption that the ape is the ancestor of man. We cannot find the intermediate form. We can only follow the mammal downwards, man is in the ascent. Thus, natural science is on the right path. It can only not yet imagine that what forms man is of a spiritual nature; but we see it in the direction of seeking man's origin in the spiritual.

But a new discovery has brought about a revolution in natural science: radium. What does this discovery hold for us? The fact that there are substances that have very different effects, effects on photographic plates, among other things. These effects are produced by gas emissions and electrical air. It loses this property after some time and then regains it. It is the uranium salt.

I mention here what natural science has learned about transformation. It has been forced to the following: It used to proclaim: the atom is eternal, indestructible. Now it has learned: this atom decays, becomes fragmented.

And the matter went further. The English scholar Ramsay shows how diverted substance passes over into quite different substance, into the metal helium. Here one would like to say: There the dreams of the old alchemists have been fulfilled. But if one substance passes over into another, what has become of the eternal?

In his lecture on the philosophy of life, Balfour, the English minister, declared that the atom is electricity flowing in space.

Others have said: When chlorine and copper combine, something else happens. When they march together, heat is released and flows out. The strange thing is that this heat must be the same when chlorine and copper separate. We imagine this as sacks that are puffed up with warmth. If you release them and then give them warmth again, they will puff up again. Atoms are shells, their interior is warmth. They themselves are nothing but condensed warmth. Today, science calls matter condensed electricity. It is on the way to recognizing matter as condensed spirit.

Thus we have seen in two areas, firstly, a transparent and clear picture of the world, and secondly, that the facts of natural science point to the spiritual.

The doctrine of the atomic world is based on fantasy. Theosophy is a dissolution of all fantasy. The facts themselves will shine in and show how the atom is being split. Natural science is on its way up to spiritual science. We see how Theosophy shines in, and what our eyes see becomes explainable up to our physical existence.

We stand at the threshold of a new era. In those days, natural science was earthbound; today, through the latest research, it is being pushed up to the spiritual.

Natural science and philosophy must be reconciled. It will come to the true salvation and progress of the human race.

Let us first send our thoughts to those who are outside on the battlefields, where the great events of the present are taking place, to those who must stand for these serious events with their life, body and soul:

Geister ihrer Seelen, wirkende Wächter!
Eure Schwingen mögen bringen
Unserer Seelen bittende Liebe
Eurer Hut vertrauten Erdenmenschen,
Dass, mit Eurer Macht geeint,
Unsre Bitte helfend strahle
Den Seelen, die sie liebend sucht!

(TRANSLATION)

Spirits of their Souls, working Guardians!
May your pinions bring
Our souls' beseeching love
To the human beings on this earth, entrusted to your care,
That, united with your might,
Our prayer may helpfully ray out
To the souls whom it lovingly seeks!

And let us remember those who have already passed through the portal of death, as a result of these events:

Geister ihrer Seelen, wirkende Wächter!
Eure Schwingen mögen bringen
Unsrer Seelen bittende Liebe
Eurer Hut vertrauten Sphärenmenschen,
Dass, mit Eurer Macht geeint,
Unsre Bitte helfend strahle
Den Seelen, die sie liebend sucht.

(TRANSLATION)

Spirits of their Souls, working Guardians!
May your pinions bring
Our souls' beseeching love
To the human beings of the spheres, entrusted to your care,
That, united with your might,
Our prayer may helpfully ray out
To the souls whom it lovingly seeks!

And the Spirit Whom we seek through our spiritual-scientific endeavours, the Spirit Who passed through the Mystery of Golgotha for the welfare of the earth and for mankind's freedom and progress, may He be with you and with your difficult tasks!

The time in which we live, reminds us daily and hourly of death, this significant event in human life, it reminds us of man's passage through the portal of death. For only in the light of spiritual science, death becomes a real event, in the true meaning of the word, because spiritual science shows us the eternal forces that are active within us, that pass through births and deaths and take on a special form of existence between birth and death, in order to assume another form of existence after their passage through the portal of death. In the light of spiritual science, death becomes an event, instead of being merely the abstract end of life (only a materialistic world-conception can look upon death as the end of life), it becomes a deep and serious event within the whole compass of human life. Even from our own ranks, dear friends of ours have left us in order to pass through the portal of death, chiefly as a result of the present historical events, but also for other reasons, and so it may perhaps be particularly appropriate just now to say a few things on death, on this great event, and on the facts of human life that are connected with it.

Explanations have often been given in our spiritual-scientific lectures on the life between death and a new birth, so that we were able to gain many essential facts, particularly in regard to this subject. The course which spiritual science has followed up to now, will have shown you that in every single case it can only speak of things from one definite standpoint, so that a more accurate knowledge can gradually be acquired by speaking of things repeatedly and throwing light upon them from many points of view. To-day I shall therefore add to the facts that you already know in connection with this subject, a few things that may be useful to our comprehension of the world as a whole.

Through spiritual science, we consider, to begin with (and that is a good thing) the human being such as he stands before us, here, in the physical world as an expression of his whole being. We must depart first of all from the manner in which the human being presents himself to us in the physical world, and for this reason, I have frequently pointed out that we obtain, as it were, a general view of man's whole being if we contemplate him so that we first take, as a foundation, his physical body, which we learn to know externally in the physical world through our senses and the scientific-dissection of what we perceive through the senses. We then proceed, by studying that form of organisation which we designate as our etheric body: this already possesses a super-sensible character and cannot, therefore, be contemplated with the aid of the ordinary intellect, which is bound to the brain, and is consequently also inaccessible to our ordinary science. The etheric body is an organism having super-sensible character, concerning which we may say that it was already known to men such as Immanuel Hermann Fichte, son of the great thinker Johann Gottlieb Fichte, to Troxler and others. Indeed, man's etheric body can only be grasped through imaginative knowledge owing to its super-sensible character, but as far as imaginative knowledge is concerned, it can be contemplated externally, just as the physical-sensory body can be contemplated externally through our ordinary sensory knowledge.

We then ascend in our contemplation to the astral body. The astral body in man cannot be contemplated in an external-sensory manner, in the same way in which we contemplate the physical body through our external senses, or in the same way in which we contemplate our etheric body through our inner sense; the astral body is something that can only be experienced inwardly. We must experience it inwardly and in order to experience it, we must be within it. The same thing applies to the fourth member which must be grasped in the physical world, to the Ego. With these four members of human nature, we build up our whole being.

Past lectures showed us that what we designate as man's physical body is a very complicated structure, formed during long periods of development that passed through the stages of Saturn, the Sun and the Moon¹ also the evolution of the earth contributed to this development of the physical body, from the very beginning of earthly existence up to our time. A complicated process of development therefore built up our physical body.

That form of contemplation which is, to begin with, accessible to us in the physical world, merely sees the external aspect of everything that lives within the physical body. Even ordinary science merely sees this external aspect. We might say: Our ordinary physical contemplation and ordinary science, in the form in which it now lives in the world, merely know of the physical body as much as we would know of a house, if we would only go round it outside, without ever going inside, so that we would never learn to know what it is like inside, nor what people live in it.

Of course, those who stand upon the foundation of ordinary science, in the usual materialistic meaning, will argue: “We are thoroughly acquainted with the interior of the physical body! We know what it is like, because we have frequently studied the brain inside the skull, when dissecting corpses; we have frequently studied the stomach and the heart.” This interior, however, that can thus be studied from outside, this spatial interior is not what I mean when I speak of man's inner being. Even this spatial interior is nothing but an external thing. Indeed, in the case of the physical body, this spatial interior is far more external than the real spatial exterior.

This must sound strange. But our sense-organs—you know this from other descriptions contained in our spiritual science—were formed already during the Saturn period and we carry them on the surface of our body. Spatially speaking, they are outside. Nevertheless, they were built by forces that are far more spiritual than those that formed our stomach, or everything that exists, spatially speaking, inside our body. What is inside our body, is built up by the least spiritual of forces. Strange though it may sound, I must nevertheless point out that we really speak of ourselves in an entirely mistaken manner—upside down, we might say. Since we live on the physical plane, it is natural to speak in that way; nevertheless the way in which we speak of ourselves is quite wrong. We should really designate the skin of our face as our interior, and the stomach as our exterior. This would lead us far closer to the truth! It would lead us closer to the real truth if we were to say: We eat in such a way that we send the food out of us; when we send food into our stomach, we really send it out, we do not send it into our body, as we generally say at the present time. The more our organs lie on the surface, the more spiritual are the forces from which they come; and the more they lie inside our body, the less spiritual are the forces that gave rise to them,

The descriptions that were given so far in our spiritual science enable you to grasp this with a certain ease. If you carefully remember the descriptions of spiritual science, you will no doubt remember what it says in regard to the Moon stage of development, namely, that something split off during the Moon stage of development, and that something also split off during the Earth-development; it went out into the world's spaces from the Saturn, Sun and Moon stages of development. A very strange thing is connected with this splitting-off process: namely, we were turned inside out! Our inside became our outside, and our outside became our inside. During the Saturn and Sun periods, our human countenance, that is now turned towards the outer world, was really turned towards our inner being. Of course, this was only the case during the early stages of development; but even during a part of the Moon period, during the Moon existence, the foundation of the inner organs which we now possess was still formed from outside. Since that time, we have really been turned inside out, like an overcoat that can be turned. We should bear in mind that many super-sensible facts are connected with our physical body; its whole structure is super-sensible; the super-sensible world has formed it, and when we look upon the physical body as a whole, it merely shows us its external aspect,

If we now come to the etheric body, we shall find that it is neither visible nor accessible to the physical-sensory contemplation. But when the human being passes through the portal of death, it becomes all the more important. The time through which the human being now passes, the first days after his death, are particularly important as far as the etheric body is concerned. But we must learn to think differently, even in regard to the physical body, if we wish to grasp in the right way all that we encounter after our passage through the portal of death.

You already know (for you can observe this even in the physical world) that when we pass through the portal of death, we lay aside our physical body, as we generally say. We lay aside our physical body. Through decomposition or cremation (the only difference between these two processes lies in the length of time that they take up) the physical body is handed over to the elements of the earth. Now we might think that the physical body simply ceases to exist for those who have passed through the portal of death. But this is not the case, in this meaning. For we can hand over to the earth only those parts of our physical body that come from the earth itself. We cannot, however, hand over to the earth that part of our physical body that comes from the ancient Moon existence, nor that part which comes from the ancient Sun existence, or from the ancient Saturn existence. For those parts that come from the ancient Saturn existence, from the Sun existence, from the Moon existence, and even from a great portion of the Earth existence, are super-sensible forces. These super-sensible forces contained in our physical body, of which only the external part is accessible to our sensory contemplation, as explained just now,—where do these super-sensible forces go to, after we have passed through the portal of death? As stated, we hand over to the earth, we return to the earth, only that part of our physical body, of that most wonderful structure which exists in the world, to begin with, as a form,—we return to the earth only what the earth itself has given to the physical body. And where is the other part, when we have passed through the portal of death? The other part withdraws from the one that sinks down into the earth, as it were, through the process of decomposition or cremation; the other part is taken up by the whole universe.

If you now think of everything you can at all imagine in the environment of the earth, including the planets and the fixed stars, if you imagine this in the most spiritual form, this spiritually conceived idea would give you the place where the spiritual part of our physical body abides after death. Only a portion of this spiritual part, a portion contained in the element of heat, separates and remains with the earth. But every other spiritual part of our physical body is borne out into the spaces of the universe, into the whole cosmos.

Where do we go to, when we abandon our physical body? Where do we dive down? Through our death, we dive down with lightning speed into that which forms our physical body, from out [of] all the super-sensible forces. Imagine that all the constructive forces that have worked upon your physical body, ever since the time of Saturn, were to stretch themselves into infinity, in order to prepare the place in which you live between death and a new birth. Between birth and death, all this is drawn together, I might say, within the space enclosed by your skin; it is merely drawn together.

When we are outside our physical body, we experience something that is of utmost importance for the whole subsequent life between death and a new birth. I have often mentioned this. This experience is of opposite character to the corresponding experience during our life here, upon the physical plane. During our life upon the physical plane, we cannot look back as far as the hour of our birth; we cannot look back upon it with the aid of our ordinary cognitive power. There is not one person who can remember his own birth, nor look back upon it. The only thing we know, is that we were born; in the first place, because we have been told so by others, and in the second place, because all the other human beings that came to the earth after us, were also born, so that we infer from this that we too, were born. But we cannot pass through the real experience of our own birth.

Exactly the opposite is the case with the corresponding experience after death. Whereas, during our physical life, the immediate contemplation of our birth can never rise up before our soul, the moment of death stands before our soul throughout our life between death and a new birth, if we only look upon it spiritually. We must realise that we then look upon the moment of death from the other side. Here, on earth, death has a terrifying aspect only because we look upon it as a kind of dissolution, as an end. But when we look back upon the moment of death from the other side, from the spiritual side, then death continually appears to us as a victory of the spirit, as the spirit that is extricating itself from the physical. It then appears as the greatest, most beautiful and significant event. Moreover, this experience kindles that which constitutes our Ego-consciousness after death. Throughout the time between death and a new birth, we have an Ego-consciousness that not only resembles but far exceeds that which we have here, during our physical life. We would not have this Ego-consciousness, if we could not look back incessantly, if we would not always see—but from the other side, from the spiritual side—that moment in which our spiritual part extricated itself from the physical. We know that we are an Ego only because we know that we have died, that our spiritual has freed itself from our physical part. When we cannot contemplate the moment of death, beyond the portal of death, then our Ego-consciousness after death is in the same case as our physical Ego-consciousness here upon the earth, when we are asleep. Just as we know nothing of our physical Ego-consciousness when we are asleep, so we know nothing concerning ourselves after death, if we do not constantly have before us the moment of death. It stands before us as one of the most beautiful and loftiest moments.

You see, even in this case we must set about thinking in an entirely different way of the spiritual world, than of the sensory-physical world. If we indolently remain by the thoughts which we have in connection with the physical-sensory world, it will be impossible for us to grasp the spiritual in any way more precisely. For the most important thing after death is that the moment of death is viewed from the other side. This kindles our Ego-consciousness on the other side. Here, in the physical world, we have, as it were, one side of Ego-consciousness; after death, we have the other side of Ego-consciousness. I explained just now where we should look for the super-sensible part of our physical body after death. We should seek this physical body in the shape of a relation of forces, of an organism of forces, as a cosmos of forces, within the whole world. This physical essence prepares the place through which we must pass between death and a new birth.

Within our physical body, which is so small in comparison to the whole world, our skin really encloses a microcosm, something that is, in reality, a whole world. Trivially speaking, I might say that this world is merely rolled together and that afterwards it unrolls again and fills out the universe, with the exception of one tiny space, that always remains empty.

Between death and a new birth, we really exist everywhere in the world; we live in it with that part which, here on earth, lies at the foundation of our physical body in the form of super-sensible forces. We are everywhere, except in that one place. This remains empty. It is the space enclosed by our skin, the space which we take up in the physical world. This remains empty.

Yet we constantly look upon this empty space. That is to say, we look upon our own self, from outside; we look into a concavity. This remains empty. It remains empty to such an extent that a fundamental feeling rises up in connection with it. Namely, we do not contemplate things in an abstract manner, we do not simply stare at them, but our contemplation is connected with a powerful inner life-experience, with a mighty experience. It is connected with the fact that when we contemplate this emptiness, a feeling rises up in us, a feeling that accompanies us throughout our life between death and a new birth and constitutes a great deal of what we generally designate as our life beyond. It is the feeling, that there is something in the world which must again and again be filled out by us. And then we acquire the feeling: “I exist in the world for a definite purpose, which I, alone, can fulfil.” Thus we learn to know our place within the world. We feel that we are building stones, without which the world could not exist. This is what arises through the contemplation of that empty space. When we gaze at it, we are overcome by a feeling telling us that we stand within the world as something that forms part of it.

All this is connected with the further development of our physical body. The more elementary forms of description only enable us to explain schematically as it were, a reality of the spiritual world that really requires to be explained in the form of images. In order to rise gradually to those concepts which penetrate more deeply into the reality of the spiritual world, we must first have those images.

We know that our next experience is a kind of retrospective memory, that lasts for days. But this retrospective memory is inappropriately designated (but nevertheless with a certain right) as a retrospective memory, for we have before us now, for a few days, something that resembles a tableau, or a panorama, woven out of all we have experienced during our past life. It does not, however, rise up in the same way in which an ordinary memory rises up in our physical body. You see, the memories that live in our physical body are of such a kind that we draw them out of our memory. Memory is a force that is connected with our physical body. Our recollections rise up in the form of thoughts; through the power of memory, we draw them out successively, within the stream of time. But the retrospective memory after death is of such a kind that everything that occurred during our earthly life, now surrounds us simultaneously, as if it were a panorama. Our life-experiences now rise up in the form of imaginations. We can only say that we now live, for whole days, within our experiences. What we experienced just before death, and what we experienced during our childhood, stands before us simultaneously, in powerful pictures. A panorama of our life, a life-picture stands before us and it reveals, simultaneously, in a woof woven out of the ether, what normally occurs successively, within the stream of time. Everything that we now see before us, lives in the ether.

We feel, above all, that we are now surrounded by something that is alive. Everything within it lives and weaves. And then we experience that it resounds spiritually, that it shines forth spiritually and gives warmth spiritually.

We know that this life-tableau disappears after a few days. What makes it cease and what is the essence of this life-tableau?

If we study the true essence of this life-tableau, we must really say: Everything that we have experienced during our life, is woven into it. How did we experience these things?—In the form of thoughts, connected with our experiences. Everything that we experienced in the form of thoughts and concepts is contained in this picture of our life.

In order to grasp this concretely, let us now say: During our earthly life, we lived together with another human being, we spoke with him and in speaking with him, his thoughts communicated with our thoughts. We received love from him, we allowed his soul to influence us and experienced all this inwardly. In this manner, we shared the experiences of the person we lived with. He lived and we lived, and through him we experienced something. What we experienced through him, now appears to us woven into this etheric life-tableau. It is the same thing that constitutes our memories. Think, for instance, of the moment, ten or twenty years ago, when you first met him and experienced something through him. Imagine that this memory now rises up before you, but that you do not remember it in the same way in which you would remember things during your ordinary life. The ordinary memories are grey and faded, but now you remember things in such a way that they rise up within you as LIVING memories; you see your friend standing before you in exactly the same way in which he stood before you during the real experience.

Here, on earth, we are often very dreamy and what we experience upon the physical plane in a living and hearty manner, becomes dulled and loses its vitality. But when we pass through the portal of death, when our experiences rise up before us in the life-tableau, they are no longer dull and lifeless, but exist there, in the original freshness and vitality which they possessed when we passed through them, during our earthly life. In this form they become inwoven with our life-tableau; in this form we experience them after death, for whole days.

In regard to the physical world, we have the impression that our physical body falls away from us when we die; in a similar way we now have the impression that also our etheric body falls away from us after a certain number of days, but it does not fall away from us in the same way in which our physical body falls away, for it becomes inwoven with the whole universe, with the whole world. It lives in the world and stamps its impressions upon the whole world, while we are experiencing our life-tableau. What we thus have before us in the form of a life-tableau, has now been handed over to the external world: it lives in our surroundings and has been taken over by the world.

During those days, we have an important and impressive experience in this connection. For, after death, our experiences do not merely resemble the memories which we have during our earthly life, but they are in every way substance for new experiences. Even the manner in which we grasp our Ego, through the fact that we constantly look back upon our death, is a new experience, for our earthly senses do not enable us to experience anything similar. This can only be grasped through the knowledge of initiation. But even what we experience during the days in which we are surrounded by this life-tableau, by this etheric life that frees itself from us and becomes inwoven with the universe, even what we experience in this manner, is impressive and lofty, it is an overwhelming and powerful experience for the human soul.

You see, during our physical life on earth, we face the world: we face the mineral, vegetable, animal and human kingdom. It enables us to experience what our senses are able to experience, what our intellect, that is bound to the brain, obtains through the sense-experiences, what are our feelings, that are connected with our vascular system, experience: we experience all these things, here on earth.

But in reality, and from a loftier standpoint, we human beings are extremely great dunces (excuse this expression!), gigantic dunces between birth and death. In regard to the wisdom of the great world, we are fearfully stupid if we believe that here on earth, when we experience something in the manner described and bear it along in the form of memories, everything is finished; we are fearfully stupid if we think that our experiences are finished, when we take them up in this manner, as human beings. For while we experience things, while we form concepts and feelings rise up in our experiences, the whole world of the Hierarchies is active within this process through which we acquire our experiences; the Hierarchies live and weave in it.

When we face a human being and, look into his eyes, then the Spirits of the Hierarchies, the Hierarchies themselves, the work of the Hierarchies, live in our gaze and in what is sent towards us through the gaze of the other human being. Our experience merely shows us the external aspect of things, for, in reality, the Gods work within our experiences. We think, that we only live for our own sake; yet the Gods work out something through our experiences; they obtain from them something that they can weave into the world. We form ideas, we have feeling experiences; the Gods take them up and communicate them to their world. And when we die, we know that the purpose of our life is to give the Gods the opportunity to spin out of our life this woof coming from our etheric body and to hand it over to the whole universe. The Gods gave us the chance to live, in order that they might spin out something for themselves, thus enriching the world.

This is an overwhelming thought. Every one of our strides is the external expression of an event connected with the Gods; it forms part of that woof which the Gods use for their plan of the world and which they leave to us only until we pass through the portal of death. After our death, they take it away from us and incorporate with the universe these, our human destinies. Our human destinies are, at the same time, the deeds of Gods, and the form in which they appear to us human beings is merely their outward aspect. This is the significant, important and essential fact which we should bear in mind.

What we acquire inwardly, during our earthly life, through the fact that we can think and have feelings, whom does this belong to, after our death? Whom does it now belong to? After our death, it belongs to the universe. We look back upon our death, and in the same way we now look back with that part which remains to us, namely, with our astral body and our Ego, upon that which has become inwoven with the universe, with the world. During our earthly life, we bear within us what thus becomes inwoven with the universe after our death; we bear it within us, as our etheric body. But now it is spun up and becomes inwoven with the world. And we now look upon it, we contemplate it. After our death, we look upon it in the same way in which we experienced it inwardly, here on earth. It now lives in the world outside. Just as here on earth we see stars, mountains, rivers, so after our death, we see, in addition to what our physical body has become with lightning speed, also that part of our own experiences which has become inwoven with the universe. That part of our own experiences which now incorporates with the whole world-structure, is reflected in those members which we still possess, in our astral body and in our Ego; it is reflected in the same way in which the external world is reflected, here on earth, in our physical organs and through our physical being.

While this is reflected in us, we acquire something that we cannot acquire during our earthly life, something that we shall only acquire later on, during the Jupiter period, in the form of a more external, physical impression. Now we acquire it spiritually, through the fact that our etheric being, outside makes an impression upon us. The impression which is thus made upon us, is, to begin with, a spiritual one; it is made in the form of images; in its image-character it is, however, the prototype of what we shall one day possess upon Jupiter: namely, the Spirit-Self.

A Spirit-Self is therefore born to us, through the fact that our etheric part becomes inwoven with the universe; this Spirit-Self comes to birth spiritually, not in the form in which we shall have it later on, upon Jupiter.

The etheric body has now detached itself, so that we now have the astral body, the Ego and the Spirit-Self.

The astral body and the Ego therefore remain to us from our earthly life.

You already know that our astral body, in the earthly form in which it was subjected to us, remains with as for a long time after death. The astral body remains with us, because it is permeated with all those things that only pertain to the earthly-human life, and because it cannot immediately expel this. We now pass through a time during which we can only cast off little by little what has become of our astral body as a result of our earthly life.

You see, here on earth, we can only experience, in regard to the astral body, one half at the most of everything through which we pass. We really experience only half of what takes place in every one of our experiences. Let us take an example: Imagine—this applies, both to good and to evil thoughts and actions—but let us take as an example an evil action: Imagine that you say something bad to another person and that your words hurt him. When we say something unkind, we only experience that part which concerns us personally; we only experience the feelings that prompted us to say those evil words: This is the soul-impression which we gather when we say bad and unkind things. But the other person to whom we addressed our unkind words, has an entirely different impression; he has, as it were, the other half of the impression and feels hurt. The second half of the impression lives in him. What we ourselves experience during our physical life on earth is one thing, and what the other person experiences is another thing.

Now imagine the following: After our death, when we pass retrogradely through our life, we must once more live through everything that other people, outside, have experienced through us. As we go backwards through our life, we experience the effects of our thoughts and actions. Between death and a new birth, we therefore pass through our life by going through it retrogradely. And when we have gone back as far as our birth, we are ripe for the moment when also that part of our astral body may be cast off, which is permeated with earthly things. It abandons us, and a new state of-existence begins for us when we have cast off our astral body.

The astral body always kept us connected, I might say, with the earth; it maintained this connection in all our experiences. When we pass through our astral body—not in a dreamy condition, but by living through our earthly experiences backwards—we are still connected with our earthly life; we still stand within our earthly existence. Now that we have cast off—but this is not the right expression; it is, however, impossible to use another one—now that we have cast off our astral body, we are quite free of all that pertains to the earth, and we live in the real spiritual world.

A new experience now sets in. This casting-off of the astral body is, again, merely one aspect of the whole experience; the other aspect is an entirely different one. When we have passed through our earthly experiences and no longer have our astral body, we feel, as it were, inwardly filled and permeated with—we cannot say with material—but with Spirit; then we really feel that we are in the spiritual world and the spiritual world rises up within us. In former times, it rose up before us in the outer world when we contemplated the universe and saw our own etheric body inwoven with the universe. But now it rises up within us; we now experience it inwardly. And our Ego rises up within us, as a prototype of what we shall possess physically only upon Venus; our Ego rises up as a prototype of the Life-Spirit.

We now consist of Spirit-Self, Life-Spirit and Ego.

Just as here on earth, we live in a rather dreamy state from our birth until that moment of our childhood in which we acquire self-consciousness, which is the earliest moment of life that we can recall, so we now lead a form of life that is fully conscious, indeed more conscious and higher than our earthly life. However, we experience a purely spiritual life, only when we have detached ourselves from our astral body, from our astral life, retaining only that part of our astral which permeates us inwardly. Consequently, we are, from that time onwards, Spirits among Spirits.

Now another important and essential experience rises up. During our life in the physical world, we carry on our work, do this or that thing and [have] experiences in connection with all these things. (We just spoke of this). Our experiences are, however, not limited to the physical world; simultaneously and in connection with them, we also experience something else. Although the expression which I shall now use for these simultaneous experiences is just an ordinary, more general expression, let me nevertheless use this word: while we experience these things, we grow tired, we get used up. This is constantly the case: we grow tired. Although our weariness is eliminated for our next state of consciousness through the fact that we sleep, or rather, through the fact that we rest during our sleep, this elimination, or adjustment, is nevertheless only a partial one, for we know, of course, that during our life we gradually become used up, we grow older, and our strength gradually dwindles. Consequently, we also grow tired in a wider sense. When we grow older, we know that we cannot adjust everything by sleeping. Thus we wear out our strength, we grow tired, during our life on earth.

Indeed, we are now able to view this problem from another aspect. After our preceding explanation, we can now advance this problem in a different way; we can ask: Why do the Gods allow us to grow weary? The fact that here on earth we get tired and wear out our strength, gives us something that is really most significant for our whole life. Let us, however, grasp the idea that we get tired, in a wider sense than the usual one. Let us place it clearly before our soul.

You will grasp it best of all if you imagine it in the following way: Ask any one of those present: Do you know anything concerning the interior of your head?—Probably only a person who is suffering from headache would answer that at the present moment he does know something concerning the interior of his head. He alone would feel what the inside of his head is like; all the others would not feel it.

We can feel our organs only when they are not quite in order; we are then to some extent aware of their existence through our feelings. As a rule, we only have a more general feeling of our physical body, and this feeling increases when anything is out of order. But when we only have this general feeling, we know very little concerning the interior of our body. Those who suffer from bad headaches know a little more concerning the inside of their head than an anatomist, who is merely acquainted with the head's vessels. I explained this just now. In growing more and more tired, during the course of our life, we acquire an ever stronger feeling in regard to the body's interior, its spatial interior.

Consider the fact that the more weary we grow, the more the infirmities of life arise, for instance the infirmities of old age. Our life consists therein that we gradually begin to feel and to sense our physical body. We learn to sense this physical part of our being, because it becomes hardened within us and because it pushes itself, as it were, into our being. Just because it develops so slowly, we regard it, I might say, as an insignificant feeling. Its real significance could be gauged, if we could feel (excuse this trivial expression, but it conveys what I wish to say) in the pink of health, like an exuberantly healthy child, and immediately afterwards, for the sake of comparison, like an old man of 80 or 85, whose limbs have grown fragile. This would enable us to experience that feeling more strongly; simply because it develops so slowly and little by little, we do not notice the fact that we gradually spin ourselves into the feeling experience of our physical part, while we grow weary; we do not notice this feeling simply because it develops so slowly. Yet growing weary is a real process. At first, it does not exist at all, for a child is full of exuberant vitality. But later on, fatigue gradually begins to drown the vital forces, and then the process of getting tired breaks through. We have the possibility of growing weary, and during this process (even though it only gives us, let us say, a dim feeling of our body's inner structure), during this process, something takes place within us, something really takes place within us.

Our life in the physical world only shows us the outer aspect of deep, significant and lofty mysteries. The fact that this dim, insignificant feeling of growing weary accompanies us throughout our life, so that we are able to feel the inner structure of our body, is merely the outer aspect of something that becomes inwoven with us; it is wonderfully woven out of pure wisdom, a complete woof of pure wisdom.

While we thus grow weary during our life and begin to experience ourselves inwardly, a delicate knowledge becomes inwoven with us, a knowledge of the wonderful constitution of our organs, of our inner organs. Our heart grows tired, yet this weariness means that a knowledge of the heart's structure becomes inwoven with us, a knowledge of how the heart is built from out the universe. Our stomach gets tired—most of all, when we spoil it by eating too much—yet during this process that tires the stomach, an image of wisdom from out the cosmos is woven into us, and this image shows us how the stomach is built up.

The lofty, wonderful structure of our organism, of this great work of art, arises within us in the form of an image. But this image only comes to life when we cast off that part of our astral body which is bound to the earth. What now lives within us, what now fills us as LIFE-SPIRIT, is the wisdom connected with our own being, it is the wisdom connected with the wonderful structure of our inner being and this wisdom now lives in us.

Now begins a time in which we compare, as it were, what fills us in the form of Life-Spirit from out the wisdom of our inner being, with the etheric woof that has already been woven into the universe. Our task is now to compare how one thing fits in with the other, and we then build up, in the form of an image, our inner being; we give it the shape which it should have during our next incarnation.

This is how we begin, but little by little our life approaches the World-Midnight, which you will find described in one of the Mystery Plays, in “The Souls' Awakening”. Particularly after the World-Midnight, we are engaged in a work that consists therein that we now participate in the world's creative work; we call into life what we afterwards enjoy here, DURING OUR LIFE BETWEEN DEATH AND A NEW BIRTH, WE SHARE IN THE WORK, WE PARTICIPATE IN THE WEAVING OF THE GODS' IMAGES. We have the privilege of sharing in a divine task, in what the Gods aimed at, when they placed man into the world. We are allowed to prepare our next incarnation.

Of course, this is not only connected with processes that exclusively and egoistically concern our own being, for all manner of other processes take place as well. This may be evident particularly from the following:

If we gradually succeed in experiencing, in spiritual contemplation, this wonderful process—which is, above all, far higher than the one which takes place on earth, when summer and winter alternate, or when the sun rises and sets—and when all that takes place which occurs in the form of earthly work, then something occurs in the spiritual world finally leading to our earthly incarnation, to human existence. This is a lofty, heavenly process, which has not only an external significance, but a deep significance for the whole world.

We also encounter something else, when we contemplate this process. It may sound strange to say this, but you see, the higher mysteries at first necessarily appear strange in the light of a physical-Sensory contemplation. What rises up before our soul in connection with these mysteries must move us. The more it moves us, the better it is, for these things, the very nature of these things, should not approach our soul so that we remain dry and indifferent. They should not be taken up in such a way that we remain indifferent, dry and cool; but they should, instead, give us a soul-impression of the loftiness and greatness of the divine spiritual world.

We can say: If anybody would undertake to present spiritual science in such a dry way that it does not take hold of our WHOLE being, and so that we do not gain an impression of the loftiness and greatness of the divine-spiritual that pulses and weaves through the world—if, after all these descriptions, we would live on indifferently and dryly, then we would be born without heads, in accordance with the present conditions of the world and in spite of everything we know! We would be born without heads! The structure of our head is something that we are unable to build. In its whole structure, the human head is such a lofty image of the universe, that the human being would be unable to form it, even with the aid of that life-wisdom which is woven into him; he would be unable to prepare it for the next incarnation. All the divine Hierarchies must cooperate in this work. Your head, this slightly irregular and somewhat transformed sphere, is a real microcosm, a true image of the great world-sphere. Within it lives, within it is collected everything that exists outside, in the universe. All the forces that are active in the different Hierarchies cooperate in order to produce the head. And when we begin to shape our next incarnation, from out [of] the wisdom, which we collected during the process of growing weary, all the Hierarchies cooperate and influence this activity, in order to embody in us, as an image of the whole wisdom of the Gods, what afterwards becomes our head!

While all this occurs, our physical, hereditary stream is being prepared generations ahead, here upon the earth. Just as after our death we can only hand over to the earth what comes from the earth, so our parents and grand-parents only give us that part of our being which pertains to the earth. Our earthly part is merely our exterior, it is merely the external expression within this earthly part. Woven into it, is, in the first place, everything that we ourselves are able to weave in the manner described, and what all the Hierarchies of the Gods weave, before we gain a connection (through conception) with that which enwraps us and clothes us about, when we enter the physical plane.

I explained to you, that the more of this lofty knowledge we take up in our feelings, the better it will be for us. Just consider the fact: We use our head. In so far as we live in materialism, we generally have not the slightest idea that whole Hierarchies of Gods are at work in order to produce our head, in order to mould that which lies, spiritually, at the foundation of our head, so that we are able to live. If we grasp this, in the meaning of a spiritual-scientific knowledge, it will spontaneously be filled with feelings of gratitude and thankfulness towards the whole universe.

Consequently, what we acquire through spiritual science, should incessantly continue to increase and raise our feelings. In the sphere of spiritual science, our sentient life should more and more hold pace with our cognitive work. It is not good to remain behind with our feelings. Whenever we learn to know a new and higher portion of spiritual science, we should be able to unfold, I might say, more and more reverent feelings towards the world's mysteries, which finally lead to the mysteries of man. A true progress in spiritual science really lies in this purifying, spiritual, warmth of our feelings.

Let me mention one more thing because it completes all that we have contemplated in this lecture. Here, in the physical world, we gradually grow accustomed to life by having, to begin with, the dull consciousness of childhood. At first, we only recognise our mother and little by little we learn to know other people. As we grow accustomed to life in the physical world, we believe that we are constantly coming across new people. As far as our physical consciousness is concerned, this is, in fact, true. But when we pass through the portal of death, we have a real, true connection with all the souls that we encountered during our earthly life. They rise up again before our spiritual eye. The souls with whom we were connected during our earthly life and that crossed the portal of death before us, we find these souls, as it were. The word “to find” really applies to physical conditions, but we may use it here, to define that living way in which souls approach other souls. This “finding” of the souls that crossed the portal of death before us, should, however, be imagined in such a way that we approach them, as it were, in an opposite manner from the one in which we approach human beings, here on the physical plane.

On the physical plane we encounter human beings so that we first approach them physically, and then we gradually become acquainted with their inner being. Their inner being unfolds only when we penetrate into their inner life. Hence, what we experience inwardly in connection with a human being, is the result of that which develops from out [of] our own inner life. When we ourselves have crossed the portal of death and encounter the souls that have passed through the portal of death before us, we know to begin with: There is that particular soul. We can feel it, we know that it is there. Now we must, however, surrender our whole inner being to the first impression that arises, to the first most abstract impression. Here on earth we should allow other human beings to exercise their influence upon us; but in the spiritual world we must SURRENDER OUR INNER BEING and we must now build up the image, the imagination, ourselves. The imaginative element, what we can look upon, this we must gradually build up. You may have an idea of the soul's experiences after death if you imagine that you do not see it, but that you TAKE HOLD of it ... and as you gradually ENCOMPASS IT WITH YOUR GRASP, you, form an image: you build up an image for yourself. You must therefore build up in inner activity the image of the soul whom you encounter. You realise, as it were: “I am now facing a soul ... What soul is it? It is the soul ...”, and this knowledge rises out of your own soul ... “towards whom I had the feelings of a son towards his mother.” And you begin to feel: “I experience myself together with this soul”. Now you begin to build its spiritual form. You must be active within it, and then it develops into an image. Through the fact that you build this image together with the other soul, you are united with that dead person, even before you begin, to form its spiritual shape. In this manner you are united with everything with which you were united during your earthly life; that is to say, you now experience these things in their own world. You must discover them, by awakening within you the power of vision, so that you may look upon yourself, but this requires activity on your part.

It is not the same with souls that still dwell in their physical body, with souls that are still alive when we die. Even here on earth, we encounter them in the form of images. Thus we look down upon the earth, and do not need to build up their image, for they already face us as images. Of course, we may weave into these images something that can become spiritual warmth and nourishment for the dead, namely the image which we are able to form through our thoughts for the dead, through our lasting love and memory, or—we know this, as spiritual scientists—by reading something to them.

You see, all this extends the human gaze, so that it penetrates, really penetrates into the real world. If this rises up before our soul, we begin to realise how little we know of the spiritual world. This was not always the case. Only the completely materialistic people of modern times boast of the great extent of their knowledge. But we know that in the past the human beings were clairvoyant and that this ancient, atavistic clairvoyance was lost only because certain qualities had to be acquired, which disappeared in the midst of an existence connected with a materialistic world. If a real materialist, a thoroughly materialistic thinker, approaches us, he will, of course, say: “It is nonsense to speak of an ancient clairvoyance, or that people had a special knowledge in the past”. But if we would only open our physical eyes a little as we pass through the world, we would very soon discover the confutation of such an argument! It is not even so long ago, that people used to know more than they do at the present time.

You know, for we have often considered this matter—but let me mention it again at the conclusion of this lecture—that Lucifer and Ahriman have a share in our spiritual existence. We also know that in the Bible Lucifer is symbolized as a Serpent, as the Serpent on the Tree. The physical serpent, such as we see it to-day, and as modern painters always paint it when they depict the Paradise Scene, is not a real Lucifer; it is only his outer image, his physical image. The real Lucifer is a Being that remained behind during the Moon-stage of evolution. He cannot be seen upon the earth, among physical objects. If a painter wishes to paint Lucifer's real aspect he would have to paint him so that he can be grasped as an etheric form, through a kind of inner clairvoyant form of contemplation. He would then appear in the shape in which he works upon us; he would show that he is not connected with our head or with our organism in so far as these are exclusively formed by the earth, but that he is connected with the continuation of our head, with the spinal cord. A painter who knows something through spiritual science, would therefore paint Adam and Eve, the Tree, and on the Tree the Serpent, but this serpent would only be a symbol and it would have a human head. If we would come across such a painting to-day, we would assume that the painter has, of course, been able to paint this picture through spiritual science,

Probably such a painting may even be found here in Leipzig; but people do not go about with open eyes, they go through the world with bandaged eyes. In the Art Gallery of Hamburg there is a painting of the Middle Ages by, Master Bertram, setting forth the Paradise Scene. In that painting, the Serpent on the Tree is painted correctly, as described just now. That picture can be seen there. But other painters have also painted the Paradise Scene in that way. What may we gather from this? That in the Middle Ages, people still knew this, they knew it to the extent of being able to paint it. In other words: It is not so long ago, that human beings were pushed completely on to the physical plane.

The course of man's spiritual history, as related by materialistic thinkers, is, after all, nothing but an outer deception, because they think that man always had the aspect which he assumed in the course of the past few centuries, whereas it is not so long ago that he used to look into the spiritual world with the aid of his ancient clairvoyance. He had to abandon the spiritual world, because he was not free, and in order to acquire full freedom and his Ego-consciousness, it was necessary that he should leave the spiritual world. Now he must once more find his way into the spiritual world.

Spiritual science therefore prepares something very important and essential: namely, that we may once more penetrate livingly into the spiritual world. Again and again let us conjure up in our soul the necessity of feeling that this small number of men that is now living in the very midst of a materialistic world and is led through its Karma to the possibility of grasping mankind's most important task for the future, that this small number of men is called upon to fulfil important, most important tasks, through its soul-life. We should realise without any pride, we should realise modestly and humbly the great difference between a soul that is gradually finding its way into the spiritual world, and all the people outside, who have not the slightest idea of this, who are, above all, NOT WILLING to have any idea of it. This fact should not merely arouse in us discouraging and painful feelings, but produce feelings that incite us to continue our work with increasing energy and to work faithfully within the stream of spiritual science, to which we were led through our Karma.

When we were together last, I also mentioned that when a human being passes through the portal of death before having lived through the whole of his life, then that part which is given to him in the form of an etheric body has not been used up completely. When a human being passes through the portal of death in his youth, then his etheric body might still have worked for years upon his physical body. But these forces do not go lost; they are still there. I also mentioned that in the present time, through the fact that every day and every hour death so numerously approaches mankind, many, many etheric bodies that might still have worked for a long time upon their physical body, here on the physical plane, are handed over to the spiritual-etheric world and hover in it. The forces that might, for decades, have provided for the physical body, become spiritual forces, that cooperate in the spiritual development of humanity. Thus a time will come, when these forces that constitute these etheric bodies, can be used for the spiritual progress of humanity; but this time will only come, if here on earth there will be human souls who are able to understand this.

When the terrible events of the present shall have passed over the earth and there will be peace once more, then the souls of those who are still living on the earth in human bodies, will have the possibility of grasping something of the fact that all those who have gone into the spiritual world before their time have their etheric bodies in that world and that they can ray their forces into the earth. It will be necessary that this fact be grasped by these souls. These souls can then cooperate in that spiritual progress which is rendered possible particularly through the many deaths of self-sacrifice.

Imagine what it would mean if spiritual science were to disappear, and if no one were to have any comprehension for all that is being prepared in the spiritual world through these deaths of self-sacrifice! Imagine what this would mean! In that case, all those forces would become the property of Beings who would use them for other purposes than those for which they should be used, in accordance with the plan and resolution of the Gods who follow the right course of development.

This is an admonishment that also comes from the events of our time, an admonishment to the effect that we should stand fully within all that which constitutes the spiritual world. For even these events of our time have their spiritual aspect. What they reveal outwardly, in the form of blood, death and sacrifices, is the external expression of an inner spiritual course of events, which should, however, be grasped in the right spirit.

Of this I wish to remind you again and again, with the words that conclude our present considerations:

Aus dem Mut der Kämpfer,
Aus dem Blut der Schlachten,
Aus dem Leid Verlassener,
Aus des Volkes Opfertaten,
Wird erwachsen Geistesfrucht,
Lenken Seelen Geist-bewusst,
Ihren Sinn ins Geisterreich.

(TRANSLATION)

From the courage of the fighters,
From the blood of the battles,
From the sufferings of the abandoned,
From the nation's deeds of sacrifice,
Shall grow out a spiritual fruit,
If souls lead, in Spirit-consciousness,
Their heart and mind into the Spirit-realm.

• 1. See Rudolf Steiner's An Outline of Occult Science