The Boundaries of Natural Science
GA 322
16 October 1920, Dornach
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The Boundaries of Natural Science, tr. SOL
Schlussworte
Closing Remarks
Abschiedsworte nach Schluß der anthroposophischen Hochschulkurse
Farewell Remarks Following the Conclusion of the Anthroposophical University Courses
[ 1 ] Meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden! Wir stehen am Ende des von dem Goetheanum veranstalteten wissenschaftlichen Kurses. Ich darf vielleicht heute daran erinnern, mit welchen Worten eröffnet worden ist diese Reihe von wissenschaftlichen Kursen. Gesagt wurde, daß als ein notwendig von der Menschheitsentwicklung selber gefordertes Ziel uns hier im Goetheanum vorschwebt eine geistige Vertiefung, die führen kann zu einer Versöhnung, Vereinigung, gegenseitigen Befruchtung von Religion, Kunst und Wissenschaft. Denn in dieser Vereinigung von Religion, Kunst und Wissenschaft müssen wir sehen gerade von unserem geisteswissenschaftlichen Gesichtspunkte aus dasjenige, was auch zu einem Weiterentwickeln der Menschheit in heilsamer Art führen kann, was eingreifen kann in einer wirksamen Weise in das soziale Leben der Menschheit, so eingreifen kann, wie es notwendig ist, damit wir den deutlich wahrnehmbaren Abstieg in die Barbarei vermeiden können und nicht einer Abendröte, wie jetzt schon wissenschaftlich bewiesen werden soll, zustreben, sondern im Gegenteil, aus Not, Elend, Irrtum heraus doch einer neuen Morgenröte der Menschheit entgegengehen. Und ich darf vielleicht nach der Erinnerung an diesen unseren Ausgangspunkt noch einiges bemerken über dasjenige, was uns bei diesen Kursen, als wir sie veranstalteten, eigentlich vorgeschwebt hat. Diesmal hat uns eigentlich als unser Hauptziel vorgeschwebt, zu zeigen, wie dasjenige, was wir hier als Geisteswissenschaft meinen, in die einzelnen Fachwissenschaften hinein befruchtend wirken kann.
[ 1 ] Ladies and gentlemen! We have reached the end of the academic course organized by the Goetheanum. Perhaps I may take this opportunity today to recall the words with which this series of academic courses was opened. It was said that, as a goal necessarily demanded by the development of humanity itself, we here at the Goetheanum have in mind a spiritual deepening that can lead to a reconciliation, unification, and mutual enrichment of religion, art, and science. For in this unification of religion, art, and science, we must see—precisely from our perspective of Spiritual Science—that which can also lead to the further development of humanity in a salutary way, that which can intervene in an effective manner in the social life of humanity, in the way necessary so that we can avoid the clearly perceptible descent into barbarism and not head toward a twilight—as is now to be scientifically proven—but, on the contrary, emerge from distress, misery, and error to move toward a new dawn for humanity. And perhaps, after recalling this starting point of ours, I may say a few more words about what we actually had in mind when we organized these courses. This time, our main goal was actually to show how what we mean here by “Spiritual Science” can have a fruitful influence on the individual specialized sciences.
[ 2 ] Damit das gewissermaßen im ersten Anhub gezeigt werden konnte, mußten sprechen eine Anzahl von Persönlichkeiten, welche je aus einem bestimmten Einzelfache der Gegenwart heraus kamen, welche also ebensogut in dem Geiste dieser einzelnen Fächer drinnenstehen, wie sie auf der anderen Seite drinnenstehen in demjenigen, was zusammenfassend und mit Geistigem durchdringend, Geisteswissenschaft in unsere Zivilisation hineinstellen will. Nicht darauf konnte es uns ankommen, daß wir nur die Geisteswissenschaft als solche diesmal vor Sie hinstellen, sondern darauf mußte es uns ankommen, daß gerade Fachpersönlichkeiten aus dem Geiste ihrer Fächer heraus den wirksamen Inhalt der Geisteswissenschaft vor Ihnen darlegen konnten.
[ 2 ] In order to demonstrate this, so to speak, right from the outset, a number of individuals had to speak—each coming from a specific contemporary field of study—who are thus just as deeply immersed in the spirit of these individual disciplines as they are, on the other hand, in that which, in a comprehensive and spiritually penetrating way, seeks to establish Spiritual Science within our civilization. Our aim was not simply to present Spiritual Science as such to you on this occasion, but rather to have experts in their respective fields present the active content of Spiritual Science to you from within the spirit of their own disciplines.
[ 3 ] Es ist ja allerdings eine schmerzliche Empfindung gewesen, daß in der Durchführung dieser Absichten auch Störungen eingetreten sind, indem wir zum Beispiel gerade auf dem Gebiete, das uns besonders wichtig ist, auf dem Gebiete der Medizin, nicht zeigen konnten, wie aus dem unmittelbaren Sprechen aus dem Fache heraus die Brücke zur Geisteswissenschaft hinüber geschlagen werden kann. Es liegt nun einmal in der Natur dieses Anfanges, in dem wir noch stehen in unserem geisteswissenschaftlichen Wirken, daß vieles in unseren Kursen noch sozusagen durchzogen war von einer Art von kritischem Ton, kritisch gegenüber den Unzulänglichkeiten, zu denen die einzelnen Fachwissenschaften durch ihre Spezialisierung gekommen sind. Aber Sie werden schon durchleuchten gesehen haben auch das durchaus Positive, das aus dem Bunde von Geisteswissenschaft mit den einzelnen Wissenschaften wird entstehen können.
[ 3 ] It has, however, been a painful realization that obstacles have arisen in the implementation of these intentions; for example, precisely in the field that is particularly important to us—the field of medicine—we have been unable to demonstrate how a bridge to Spiritual Science can be built through direct discourse rooted in the discipline itself. It is simply in the nature of this early stage—in which we still find ourselves in our work in Spiritual Science—that much of what we presented in our lectures was, so to speak, permeated by a kind of critical tone, critical of the shortcomings to which the individual sciences have come through their specialization. But you will surely have already discerned the thoroughly positive aspects that can arise from the alliance between the Spiritual Science and the individual sciences.
[ 4 ] Gewiß, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, man kann heute noch sagen: Ja, dasjenige, was äußere Wissenschaft ist, offizielle Wissenschaft, staatliche Wissenschaft und so weiter, es hat eben die ausgebildeten einzelnen Wissenschaften. Dasjenige, was Ihr zunächst bietet, es ist ja alles in einem anfänglichen Zustande. - Ja, aber, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, man muß unsere Lage bedenken. Über weite Felder des wissenschaftlichen Lebens hin ist es nötig, über Mittel zu verfügen, über viele Mittel zu verfügen, um zum Beispiel zu den Versuchen vorzuschreiten, die unternommen werden müssen, die auch unternommen werden können, wenn vollends gezeigt werden soll, was Geisteswissenschaft für die einzelnen Wissenschaften vermag. Wir stehen gewissermaßen doch als eine kleine Gemeinde inmitten jenes wissenschaftlichen Betriebes, der über ungeheure Mittel verfügt nach der eben bezeichneten Richtung hin, weil die staatlichen Hilfsquellen ihm zur Verfügung stehen. Darnach streben wir gewiß nicht; aber wenn man einmal Verständnis entgegenbringen wird diesem einen Punkt im Impuls der Dreigliederung des sozialen Organismus, daß das Geistesleben auf sich selbst gestellt werden muß, dann, dann werden uns auch die Mittel nicht fehlen, um in derselben Weise zu arbeiten, auch in Bezug auf die äußeren Versuche, wie die gegenwärtigen Wissenschaften arbeiten. Nur wird schon in der Anordnung der Versuche, in der ganzen Herstellung der Versuchsmittel wird schon dasjenige liegen, was von dem Ziel der Geisteswissenschaft aus bestimmt werden kann. Weder können wir weit ausgreifende Forschungsreisen noch können wir eben die charakterisierten Versuche machen. Und so ist denn das erste, was wir Ihnen geben konnten, mehr dazu bestimmt gewesen, zu zeigen, in welcher Richtung vorwärtsgeschritten werden muß, um Sie aufzurufen zur Mitarbeit. Und Sie werden bemerkt haben, wie trotz unserer beschränkten Mittel, trotz der Schwierigkeit unseres Arbeitens, wie doch für die verschiedensten Fachgebiete unsere Richtungen streng bestimmt sind.
[ 4 ] Certainly, my esteemed audience, one can still say today: Yes, what is known as external science—official science, state science, and so on—consists precisely of the individual, fully developed sciences. What you are initially offering, however, is all still in its infancy. - Yes, but, my esteemed audience, we must consider our situation. Across broad fields of scientific life, it is necessary to have resources at our disposal—many resources—in order, for example, to proceed with the experiments that must be undertaken, and that can indeed be undertaken, if we are to fully demonstrate what Spiritual Science can do for the individual sciences. In a sense, we stand as a small community in the midst of that scientific enterprise which has immense resources at its disposal in the direction just described, because state funding is available to it. We certainly do not aspire to that; but once understanding is shown for this one point in the impulse toward the threefold social order—namely, that spiritual life must be left to its own devices—then, then we will not lack the resources to work in the same way, including with regard to external experiments, as the current sciences do. However, the very design of the experiments—the entire preparation of the experimental materials—will already embody what can be determined by the goal of Spiritual Science. We can conduct neither extensive research expeditions nor the specific experiments just described. And so the first thing we were able to present to you was intended more to show the direction in which we must move forward, in order to call upon you to collaborate. And you will have noticed how, despite our limited resources and the difficulties of our work, our directions are nevertheless strictly defined for the most diverse fields of study.
[ 5 ] Ich darf vielleicht in dieser Beziehung auf einzelnes aufmerksam machen. Meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, man kann ja gut heute polemisieren gegen dasjenige, was aus der Gesetzmäßigkeit der Menschheitsentwicklung heraus Geisteswissenschaft erkennt. Sie erkennt nämlich, daß die Menschheit der Erde an einem Punkt ihrer Entwicklung angekommen ist, wo einfach durch die Triebkräfte, die in dieser Entwicklung selber liegen, es vorbestimmt ist, daß die Menschheit zu viel bewußteren Zuständen ihres religiösen Fühlens, ihres künstlerischen Wirkens, ihres wissenschaftlichen Strebens vordringt, als bisher der Fall war. Man kann, sage ich, gegen so etwas polemisieren und kann sagen, es sei doch viel besser, in der Naivität stecken zu bleiben. Man kann deklamieren, daß nur der instinktive Mensch eigentlich das Rechte hat, daß durch das Aufsteigen zu klareren Bewußtseinszuständen die Instinkte, die den Menschen sicher leiten, wie man meint, zurückgeschraubt würden. Gewiß, das kann man alles, alles sagen. Aber es kommt nicht darauf an, welche Vorempfindungen und Vorurteile man hat in Bezug auf dasjenige, was zum Menschheitsfortschritt notwendig ist, sondern es kommt darauf an, was uns die Zeichen der Zeit selber abfordern. Daß man es so oder so machen müsse, das, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, bildet sich ja jeder ein gerade von der besonderen Art, die er nach seinen Vorempfindungen und Vorurteilen verfolgt; und daß, wenn das alle Menschen täten, was der eine oder andere aus diesen Vorempfindungen und Vorurteilen heraus für sich als das Richtige empfindet, wenn das alle Menschen täten, so meint dann jeder, so käme man am allersichersten weiter.
[ 5 ] Perhaps I may draw your attention to a few specific points in this regard. Ladies and gentlemen, it is certainly easy today to argue against what Spiritual Science recognizes as arising from the laws governing human development. For it recognizes that humanity on Earth has reached a point in its development where, simply through the driving forces inherent in this development itself, it is predestined that humanity will advance to far more conscious states of religious feeling, artistic creation, and scientific endeavor than has been the case thus far. One can, I say, argue against such a view and claim that it would be far better to remain stuck in naivety. One can declare that only the instinctive human being is truly right, and that by ascending to clearer states of consciousness, the instincts—which, as one believes, guide humanity safely—would be curtailed. Certainly, one can say all of that, absolutely everything. But what matters is not what preconceptions and prejudices one holds regarding what is necessary for human progress, but rather what the signs of the times themselves demand of us. That one must do it one way or another—that, my esteemed audience, is precisely what everyone imagines based on the particular path they follow according to their preconceptions and prejudices; and if everyone were to do what one person or another, based on these preconceptions and prejudices, considers to be right for themselves—if everyone were to do that—then everyone would believe that this is the surest way to move forward.
[ 6 ] Ich muß gegenüber diesen Dingen immer wieder und wiederum auf ein kleines Erlebnis hinweisen, das ich einmal in einer süddeutschen Stadt - die es jetzt nicht mehr ist - nach einem Vortrag hatte, den ich hielt über «Weisheit und Christentum». Ich hatte - was mir jetzt ja schon seit langem nicht mehr passiert - damals vor Jahren mit dem, was ich gerade ausgesprochen hatte, obwohl es durchaus aus eben demselben Geiste heraus gesprochen war, aus dem ich immer spreche, ich hatte nicht das Mißfallen zweier im Saal befindlicher katholischer Priester erregt. Sie haben wahrscheinlich außerordentlich viel verstanden von demjenigen, was in meinem Vortrage enthalten war, und deshalb kamen sie nach dem Vortrage an mich heran und sagten: Ja, Sie haben ja eigentlich dem Christentum nicht widersprochen, wir können ja nicht viel einwenden gegen dasjenige, was Sie gesagt haben; aber sehen Sie, dasjenige, was Sie sagen, das kann ja doch nur gesagt sein für diejenigen, die vorbereitet sind dazu, für diejenigen, bei denen gewisse Voraussetzungen erfüllt sind. Wie wir aber das Christentum vertreten — so sagten diese zwei katholischen Priester —, das ist für alle Menschen, wir vertreten es für alle Menschen. Höflich muß man immer sein, daher sagte ich: Hochwürden, dasjenige, was Sie sagen, das glaube ich Ihnen, daß es Ihre subjektive Meinung ist; aber das meint ja schließlich jeder, daß so, wie er’s macht, wenn’s alle Menschen so machen würden, dann würde es auch zum Heil von allen Menschen ausschlagen. Aber ob ich glaube, daß ich’s für alle Menschen richtig mache, oder ob Sie glauben, daß Sie es für alle Menschen richtig machen, darauf kommt es durchaus nicht an, sondern es kommt darauf an, daß wir mit Außerachtlassung unserer Vorempfindungen, unserer Sympathien und Antipathien uns ein geistiges Ohr aneignen für dasjenige, was die Zeit von uns fordert, was die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Menschheit selber spricht. Und da will ich Ihnen etwas sehr Einfaches sagen: Sie predigen ja selbstverständlich jeden Sonntag von Ihrer Kanzel so, wie Sie meinen, daß alle Menschen es hören können, alle Menschen dadurch erbaut sein können. Aber ich frage Sie nur um die Kleinigkeit: Kommen heute noch alle Menschen zu Ihnen? - Da konnten sie allerdings nicht sagen: Ja! - Nun, sage ich, sehen Sie, Sie müssen konstatieren, daß gewisse Menschen draußen bleiben; die sind nun diejenigen, für die ich rede, denn für die muß auch gesprochen werden über die christliche Entwicklung.
[ 6 ] Time and again, when it comes to these matters, I must refer to a small experience I had once in a city in southern Germany—which no longer exists—after a lecture I gave on “Wisdom and Christianity.” Back then, years ago—something that hasn’t happened to me in a long time—I had not aroused the displeasure of two Catholic priests in the audience with what I had just said, even though it was spoken entirely in the same spirit from which I always speak. They probably understood an extraordinary amount of what was contained in my lecture, and that is why they approached me after the lecture and said: “Yes, you haven’t actually contradicted Christianity; we can’t really object much to what you said; but you see, what you say can only be addressed to those who are prepared for it, to those who meet certain prerequisites. But the way we represent Christianity—so said these two Catholic priests—is for all people; we represent it for all people. One must always be polite, so I said: “Reverend, I take your word for it that what you’re saying is your subjective opinion; but after all, everyone thinks that the way they do things—if everyone were to do it that way—it would also lead to the salvation of all people.” But whether I believe that I’m doing it right for all people, or whether you believe that you’re doing it right for all people—that is not at all the point. Rather, the point is that, setting aside our preconceptions, our sympathies, and our antipathies, we cultivate a spiritual ear for what the times demand of us, for what the history of human development itself tells us. And here I want to tell you something very simple: You, of course, preach every Sunday from your pulpit in a way that you believe everyone can hear and be edified by. But I’ll ask you just one small question: Do all people still come to you today?—Of course, they couldn’t say, “Yes!”—Well, I say, you see, you must acknowledge that certain people are left out; those are the very ones I’m speaking to, for it is to them that we must also speak about Christian development.
[ 7 ] Die Stimmen der Tatsachen auch in der geschichtlichen Entwicklung der Menschheit hören, das ist es, worauf es ankommt. Und so können wir auch nicht polemisieren dagegen, daß nun einmal die Menschheit in dem Punkt ihrer Entwicklung angekommen ist, wo sie bewußter und bewußter immer hinstreben muß nach ihrem Ziel, wo vieles, was ehedem naiv und instinktiv angestrebt werden konnte, eben von einem klareren, helleren Bewußtsein durchzogen werden muß. Das ist dasjenige, was wir innerhalb der Geisteswissenschaft einsehen möchten. Und deshalb müssen wir vor allen Dingen eine Beziehung dieser Geisteswissenschaft haben, eine ganz reale Beziehung zu dem wissenschaftlichen Streben, das ja aus der Erkenntnis heraus die Förderung des bewußten Erkennens, Fühlens und Wollens anstreben muß. Und, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, da werden Sie gesehen haben, aus der Art, wie die einzelnen Wissenschaften hier von mehr als dreißig Persönlichkeiten behandelt worden sind vor Ihnen, wie einzelne Wissenschaften, dasjenige, was ins künstlerische Gebiet hinüberspielt, behandelt worden sind; Sie werden gesehen haben, wie mit der vollen Gewissenhaftigkeit, die sich heraufentwickelt hat in der neueren Zeit durch die einzelnen Fachwissenschaften, diese Fachwissenschaften geisteswissenschaftlich durchdrungen werden sollen. Wir brauchen zum Beispiel ein neues Verhältnis zur Sprache. Ja, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, das klingt paradox, und dennoch, wahr ist es: Wir brauchen ein neues Verhältnis zur Sprache, wenn wir in der Menschheitsentwicklung vorwärtskommen wollen.
[ 7 ] What matters is hearing the voice of facts, even in the historical development of humanity. And so we cannot argue against the fact that humanity has now reached a point in its development where it must strive ever more consciously toward its goal, where much of what could once be pursued naively and instinctively must now be permeated by a clearer, brighter consciousness. This is what we wish to understand within Spiritual Science. And that is why, above all else, we must have a relationship—a very real relationship—between the Spiritual Science and scientific endeavor, which, based on knowledge, must strive to promote conscious knowing, feeling, and willing. And, ladies and gentlemen, you will have seen—from the way in which the individual sciences have been addressed here before you by more than thirty speakers, and how individual sciences that extend into the artistic realm have been treated— you will have seen how, with the full conscientiousness that has developed in recent times through the individual specialized sciences, these specialized sciences are to be permeated by the Spiritual Sciences. We need, for example, a new relationship to language. Yes, ladies and gentlemen, this sounds paradoxical, and yet it is true: we need a new relationship to language if we are to make progress in human development.
[ 8 ] Sehen Sie, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, man muß es oftmals heute erfahren, daß, wenn man aus jenen geisteswissenschaftlichen Untergründen heraus, aus denen das anthroposophische Streben erströmen will, wenn man aus diesen Untergründen heraus dies oder jenes vertritt, daß dann Menschen kommen, welche sagen: Nun, seht doch nur einmal hin, da habe ich - irgendeinen Journal-Artikel, da habe ich irgendein Buch, das ist ja ganz Anthroposophie! - Ja, in den ersten Zeiten, als Anthroposophie von mir vertreten wurde, sind sogar Leute gekommen, die haben verwiesen auf diesen oder jenen Kanzelredner, der ja eigentlich ganz Anthroposophie vertrete. Aber, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, hier liegt ein Zeitenproblem vor von ganz großer Bedeutung. Wir sind einfach an einem Punkt der Menschheitsentwicklung angekommen, wo, wenn auch das, was ich eben ausgeführt habe, wo die Leute kommen und sagen: das ist ganz Anthroposophie, wenn das auch in den meisten Fällen eine Torheit ist, so kann doch gesagt werden: Wir sind an einem Punkt der Menschheitsentwicklung angekommen, wo gar mancher, rein indem er äußere Worte schmiedet, etwas sagt, was für den oberflächlich Blickenden ganz ähnlich klingt wie dasjenige, was manchmal über Intimes aus anthroposophischen Untergründen heraus gesagt werden muß. Man kann heute nicht mehr unterscheiden, ob irgend etwas, was bei unserer nach der intellektualistischen Seite hin hochentwickelten Zivilisation von dem einen oder dem anderen, der Routine im Schreiben hat, hingeschrieben wird, ob das wirklich aus gediegenem, ehrlichem, wahrem Darstellen heraus spricht. Nicht darauf kommt es aber an, daß irgend etwas da oder dort an die anthroposophische Wirklichkeit erinnert, sondern darauf kommt es an, daß dasjenige, was gesagt wird, wirklich in wahrer Weise aus den anthroposophischen Quellen heraus kommt. Daher genügt es heute nicht, daß man irgend etwas bloß wortwörtlich verfolgt und aufnimmt.
[ 8 ] You see, my esteemed audience, one often finds today that when one speaks out from those depths of Spiritual Science from which the anthroposophical endeavor seeks to well up—when one advocates this or that from these depths—people come along who say: “Well, just take a look—here I have some newspaper article, here I have some book—that’s pure anthroposophy!” Yes, in the early days, when I was advocating anthroposophy, there were even people who pointed to this or that pulpit preacher, claiming that he actually represented pure anthroposophy. But, my dear friends here present, this raises a temporal issue of the utmost importance. We have simply reached a point in human development where—even though what I have just described, where people come and say, “That is pure anthroposophy”—even though in most cases this is sheer folly, it can still be said: We have reached a point in human development where quite a few people, simply by stringing together outward words, say something that, to the superficial observer, sounds very much like what must sometimes be said about inner matters arising from anthroposophical depths. Today it is no longer possible to distinguish whether something written by one person or another—who is accustomed to writing—in our civilization, which is highly developed on the intellectualistic side, truly speaks from a solid, honest, and true representation. But what matters is not that something here or there recalls anthroposophical reality, but rather that what is said truly springs from anthroposophical sources. Therefore, it is not enough today to merely follow and take in something word for word.
[ 9 ] Es ist heute durchaus möglich, daß Scharlatane durch Zusammenschmieden desjenigen, was sie erlernt haben, den Schein hervorrufen, als ob sie ganz dasselbe vertreten wie derjenige, der nun aus wahren Quellen heraus schöpft und auf wahren Wegen geht zu seinem Ziel. Hinter dem, was ich hier sage, steckt, wie ich glaube, etwas höchst Bedeutsames. Das steckt dahinter, daß wir uns angewöhnen müssen, nicht mehr in unserem papierenen Zeitalter bloß auf den äußeren Inhalt desjenigen, was geschrieben oder gedruckt wird, zu sehen, sondern daß wir uns aneignen einen Blick dafür, eine Empfindung dafür, was hinter dem Worte und in den Zeilen steckt; daß wir uns ganz hineinstellen in einen geistigen Zusammenhang und nicht bloß urteilen nach der Oberfläche der Worte. Das aber, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, erfordert, daß man sich aneignet gewisse erst jetzt mögliche Empfindungen gegenüber dem Sprachlichen; und diese Empfindungen können nur aus einer geisteswissenschaftlichen Vertiefung der Sprachwissenschaft entstehen. Auf solche geisteswissenschaftliche Vertiefung der Sprachwissenschaft ist hingewiesen worden in unserem Kurs.
[ 9 ] It is entirely possible today that charlatans, by piecing together what they have learned, create the appearance that they represent exactly the same thing as someone who now draws from true sources and follows true paths to his goal. I believe there is something highly significant behind what I am saying here. What lies behind this is that we must accustom ourselves, in our age of paper, to no longer look merely at the outward content of what is written or printed, but rather to develop an eye for, and a sense of, what lies behind the words and between the lines; that we must place ourselves fully within a spiritual context and not merely judge by the surface of the words. But this, my esteemed audience, requires that we develop certain sensibilities toward language that are only now becoming possible; and these sensibilities can arise only from a deepening of Spiritual Science in linguistics. Such a deepening of Spiritual Science in linguistics has been pointed out in our course.
[ 10 ] Weiter möchte ich aufmerksam machen auf dasjenige, was mit Bezug auf die Auffassung der Menschheitsgeschichte in den letzten Tagen hier vorgebracht worden ist. Es wurde darauf hingewiesen, wie ein so bedeutender Geist wie Wilhelm von Humboldt im Beginne des 19. Jahrhunderts nach einer Vertiefung der Geschichte strebte, wie es aber unmöglich geworden ist, aus den allgemeinen Kultur- und Zivilisationsverhältnissen in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts auch nur zu verstehen, was solch ein Mensch wie Humboldt wollte. Und hingewiesen worden ist darauf, daß Humboldt ja eben keine weitere Wirkung haben konnte, weil ja das Streben zu den bloßen Ideen in der Geschichte auch zu nichts führen kann. Meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, Ideen als solche sind Abstraktionen. Das sind keine Wirkungskräfte, die können natürlich die Geschichte der Menschheit nicht dirigieren. Demgegenüber ist mit Recht hingewiesen worden darauf, daß Geisteswissenschaft nun zeigt die wahren Quellen, die wirksam sind in der Menschheitsentwicklung, zeigt bis in Einzelheiten hinein, welche geistigen Mächte hinter dem Verlauf der Ereignisse stehen.
[ 10 ] I would also like to draw attention to what has been said here in recent days regarding the understanding of human history. It was pointed out how a mind as significant as Wilhelm von Humboldt sought to delve deeper into history at the beginning of the 19th century, but how it has become impossible, given the general cultural and civilizational conditions of the second half of the 19th century, to even understand what a person like Humboldt wanted. And it has been pointed out that Humboldt could not, in fact, have had any further impact, because the pursuit of mere ideas in history can lead nowhere. Ladies and gentlemen, ideas as such are abstractions. They are not active forces; naturally, they cannot direct the history of humanity. In contrast, it has rightly been pointed out that Spiritual Science now reveals the true sources that are active in human development, showing in detail which spiritual forces lie behind the course of events.
[ 11 ] Wozu führt aber eine solche geisteswissenschaftliche Vertiefung der Geschichte? Sie führt dazu, daß der Mensch nicht bloß instinktiv in seinem Zeitalter darinnensteht, sondern daß er, weil er die geistige Wirksamkeit in der Vergangenheit durchschaut, auch seinen eigenen Standpunkt in der Gegenwart einnehmen kann mit voller Bewußtheit, sich mit Bewußtheit gegenüberstellen kann den geistigen Mächten, welche das Menschheitswirken weiterbringen wollen. Da sprechen die Zeichen der Zeit sehr deutlich, daß wir über das rein abstrakte Urteil hinauskommen müssen, das da oftmals gesprochen wird: Man soll von der Geschichte lernen. Ja, was kann man von der Geschichte lernen, die heute eigentlich die einzig anerkannte ist! Von einer geistig vertieften Geschichte wird man lernen, sich in die Welt mit positiven Zielen in positiver Weise hineinzustellen.
[ 11 ] But what does such a Spiritual Science-based exploration of history lead to? It leads to the point where a person does not merely stand instinctively within their own age, but—because they perceive the spiritual forces at work in the past—can also take their own stand in the present with full awareness, and can consciously confront the spiritual forces that seek to advance humanity’s work. The signs of the times speak very clearly that we must move beyond the purely abstract judgment that is so often expressed: “One should learn from history.” Indeed, what can one learn from history, which today is actually the only one recognized! From a spiritually deepened understanding of history, one will learn to engage with the world in a positive way, with positive goals.
[ 12 ] Man konnte es, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, vielleicht pessimistisch finden, als ich 1914 im Frühfrühling bei einem Vortragszyklus vor einem kleineren Kreise in Wien etwas versuchte, unsere Zeit zu charakterisieren - die damalige Zeit meine ich -, da sagte ich: Wer mit sozialem Sinn, mit Erkenntnis desjenigen, was im Menschenwesen heute waltet - es war Frühling 1914! -, wer mit tieferer Einsicht in die im Menschen waltenden Kräfte unsere Gegenwart zu beurteilen versteht, der muß finden, daß wir im sozialen Leben der ganzen zivilisierten Welt zueilen dem Ausbruch einer schleichenden sozialen Krebskrankheit. Ein Karzinom in sozialer Beziehung waltet unter uns, das in der allernächsten Zeit - so sagte ich dazumal - zu furchtbarem Ausbruch kommen müsse.
[ 12 ] Ladies and gentlemen, you might have found it somewhat pessimistic when, in early spring 1914, during a series of lectures before a small group in Vienna, I attempted to characterize our time—I mean the time back then—and said: Anyone who, with a sense of social reality and an understanding of what prevails in human nature today—it was the spring of 1914!—and who, with a deeper insight into the forces at work within human beings, is able to assess our present time, must conclude that in the social life of the entire civilized world we are rushing toward the outbreak of a creeping social cancer. A social carcinoma is at work among us, which—as I said at the time—must inevitably lead to a terrible outbreak in the very near future.
[ 13 ] Das war eben der Ausspruch eines, nun, sagen wir, Idealisten nach Ansicht der Praktiker. Die Praktiker selber, wie haben sie dazumal gesprochen? Man braucht nur hinzuweisen auf die Praktiker, denen anvertraut waren die Geschicke der Menschheit. Da gab es in Mitteleuropa einen Außenminister, der erklärte dazumal: Unsere politische Lage geht dank der Bestrebungen der europäischen Kabinette einer sichtlichen Entspannung entgegen. Unsere Beziehungen zu Petersburg - so erklärte dazumal dieser mitteleuropäische Außenminister — unsere Beziehungen zu Petersburg sind die denkbar freundnachbarlichsten. Und mit England haben sich Verhandlungen angesponnen, die zwar noch nicht zum Abschluß gekommen sind, die aber versprechen, dem europäischen Frieden gute Unterlagen zu geben. - Von einem schleichenden sozialen Karzinom mußte derjenige sprechen, der vom Standpunkt der Geisteswissenschaft aus sprach. Von dem, was als Entspannung angekündigt wurde, was als freundnachbarliche Beziehungen angekündigt wurde, sprachen die Praktiker. Und diese Praktiker, sie sprachen das wenige Wochen, bevor jenes allgemeine Treiben anging, durch das 10 bis 12 Millionen totgemacht worden sind und dreimal soviel zu Krüppeln geschlagen worden sind. Das ist der furchtbare Ausdruck desjenigen, was die neuere Zivilisation heraufgebracht hat und wogegen sich gewissermaßen im letzten Augenblicke, um ein Wahrzeichen von sich zu geben, dasjenige wenden mußte, was aus geisteswissenschaftlichen Untergründen herauskam. Waren dazumal vorhanden bei denjenigen, denen die Geschicke der Menschheit anvertraut waren, irgendwelche Ausblicke, die aus der Geschichte sich ergaben und denen man folgen konnte? Nein, blind war alles, blind war alles gerade in denjenigen Sphären, in denen dazumal Geschichte gemacht worden ist. In diese Finsternis hinein muß dasjenige, was aus geisteswissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen heraus vom menschlichen Bewußtsein aufgenommen werden kann. Wenn nicht mehr die Rankes und ähnliche mit ihrer Furcht vor dem Geist der Geschichte - wie’s hier genannt worden ist - auf den Kathedern prunken werden, sondern wenn von den Kathedern herunter von dem wirklichen Geiste der Menschheitsentwicklung gesprochen werden wird, dann erst wird die Zeit angebrochen sein, in der auch vernünftig die Geschicke der Menschheit geleitet werden können; denn eingesehen muß heute werden, daß eine vernünftige Praxis, eine der Menschheit heilsame Praxis, nur Hand in Hand gehen könne mit demjenigen, was hervorgeholt wird aus den Sphären, aus denen heraus doch die Menschheitsentwicklung geleitet wird.
[ 13 ] That was simply the statement of, well, let’s say, an idealist—in the view of the pragmatists. The pragmatists themselves—what did they say back then? One need only point to the pragmatists entrusted with the fate of humanity. There was a foreign minister in Central Europe who declared at the time: “Thanks to the efforts of the European cabinets, our political situation is clearly moving toward a détente.” “Our relations with St. Petersburg,” this Central European foreign minister declared at the time, “our relations with St. Petersburg are as friendly and neighborly as can be imagined. And negotiations have begun with England; although they have not yet been concluded, they promise to lay a solid foundation for European peace.”—It was those speaking from the standpoint of the Spiritual Science who had to speak of a creeping social cancer. The pragmatists spoke of what had been announced as détente, what had been announced as friendly, neighborly relations. And these pragmatists spoke just a few weeks before that general upheaval began, in which 10 to 12 million were killed and three times as many were maimed. This is the terrible manifestation of what modern civilization has brought about—and against which, as it were, at the very last moment, in order to make a stand, that which emerged from the foundations of Spiritual Science had to turn. Were there, at that time, among those to whom the fate of humanity had been entrusted, any insights arising from history that could have been followed? No, everything was blind; everything was blind precisely in those spheres where history was being made at that time. Into this darkness must enter that which can be absorbed by human consciousness from the insights of Spiritual Science. When it is no longer the Rankes and their ilk—with their fear of the “spirit of history,” as it has been called here—who strut about on the lecterns, but when the true spirit of human development is spoken of from those very lecterns, only then will the time have dawned in which the destiny of humanity can be guided in a rational manner; for it must be recognized today that a rational practice—a practice beneficial to humanity—can only go hand in hand with that which is drawn from the spheres from which the development of humanity is, after all, guided.
[ 14 ] Und, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, bemerklich wird geworden sein aus manchem, was hier über Mathematik, über Physik, über Psychologie, über Chemie vorgebracht worden ist, wie gerade in einer, ich möchte sagen, der Zeit vielleicht paradox erscheinenden Weise Geisteswissenschaft, die ernst gemeint ist, zum Geiste hinführen will. Diese Geisteswissenschaft empfiehlt nicht aus ihren Erkenntnissen heraus alles mögliche mystelnde Spintisieren über die Naturerscheinungen. Diese Geisteswissenschaft empfiehlt auch nicht jenes Erkenntnis-Sonntagsvergnügen, das in spiritistischer Weise Geister zitiert, die sonst offenbar nichts anderes zu tun haben, als die Menschen davon zu überzeugen auf möglichst bequeme Weise, daß es eine übersinnliche Welt gibt. Geisteswissenschaft will nichts von solchen Veranstaltungen wissen, in denen statt ernster Erkenntnis ErkenntnisTheater den Menschen vorgemacht wird. Geisteswissenschaft weist gerade darauf hin, daß man strenge stehenbleiben muß gegenüber der äußeren Welt vor dem Phänomenalismus. Und so paradox es erscheinen könnte, all das Mysteln, all das Spintisieren, Theoretisieren und Spiritualisieren irgendeiner Art über die äußere Natur muß schwinden; denn nur wenn man dem reinen Phänomen gegenübertritt, wenn man in Entsagung die reinen Phänomene auffaßt, dann kommt man dazu, an der Auffassung dieser reinen Phänomene jene inneren Fähigkeiten zu entwickeln, die dann zum Geiste, zum wirklichen Ergreifen des Geistes gerade hinführen. Es ist die Sünde wider den Geist, wenn man nicht vor dem reinen Phänomen stehenbleibt, sondern in die reinen Phänomene alles mögliche hineindichtet.
[ 14 ] And, my esteemed audience, it will have become apparent from much of what has been presented here regarding mathematics, physics, psychology, and chemistry, how—in a way that might seem paradoxical in this day and age, I might say—Spiritual Science, when taken seriously, seeks to lead us toward the spirit. This Spiritual Science does not, on the basis of its insights, advocate all manner of mystical speculations about natural phenomena. Nor does this Spiritual Science advocate that kind of Sunday pastime of “knowledge” that, in a spiritist manner, summons spirits who apparently have nothing else to do but convince people, in the most convenient way possible, that a supersensory world exists. Spiritual Science wants nothing to do with such events in which, instead of serious knowledge, a “theater of knowledge” is presented to people. Spiritual Science specifically points out that one must maintain a rigorous stance toward the external world, opposing phenomenalism. And as paradoxical as it might seem, all such mystification, all such fanciful speculation, theorizing, and spiritualizing of any kind regarding external nature must fade away; for only when one confronts the pure phenomenon, when one perceives the pure phenomena with self-denial, does one come to develop, through the perception of these pure phenomena, those inner capacities that then lead directly to the spirit, to the true grasping of the spirit. It is a sin against the Spirit not to stop at the pure phenomenon, but to project all manner of things into the pure phenomena.
[ 15 ] Im einzelnen wurde Ihnen dieses gezeigt für die verschiedensten wissenschaftlichen Gebiete, und es wurde Ihnen gezeigt auf einem Gebiete, das uns heute ganz besonders am Herzen liegen muß, auf dem pädagogischen Gebiete, wie die Durchdringung der Menschenseele mit einer solchen Gesinnung, wie sie auf der einen Seite von dem reinen Phänomenalismus kommt, der aber auf der anderen Seite [durch] uns erfüllt [werden muß] mit dem Impulse der Geisteswissenschaft, wie aus einer Seelenverfassung, die aus diesen Untergründen herauskommt, eine wirkliche Pädagogik, eine solche Pädagogik entstehen kann, die mit der Menschennatur wirklich rechnet, die so mit der Menschennatur rechnet, daß gewissermaßen sie in dem werdenden Menschen, in dem Kinde etwas wie eine fortdauernde Offenbarung vor sich hat. Meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, fragen wir, wo liegt denn sichtbarlich der Quell desjenigen, was die Menschheit immerwährend vorwärtsbringt? Aus grauen Geistestiefen heraus kommt das zu uns, was die Menschen vorwärtsbringt, indem mit jeder neuen Generation aus solchen grauen Geistestiefen uns etwas zuwächst durch dasjenige, was sich durch Vererbung und auf die anderen Weisen, die Ihnen geschildert worden sind im Verlaufe dieser Kurse, hereinbegibt aus den geistigen Untergründen der Welt in diese physische Welt. Dekadente Konfessionen, sie haben immerzu nur gerechnet auf dasjenige, was der Mensch als einen raffinierten Seelenegoismus in sich trägt. Der lässt ihn fragen: Was wird aus mir, wenn mein Körper zu Erde zerfällt? Geisteswissenschaft vermag gewiß auch aus Erkenntnisgrundlagen die Antwort darauf zu geben: Was wird aus mir? Aber man verfolge den Geist, aus dem heraus die dekadenten Bekenntnisse sprechen. Sie sprechen überall zu den egoistischsten Instinkten der Menschen, die nicht vergehen mögen, indem ihr Leib zerfällt; sie sprechen nicht aus Erkenntnis heraus, sie sprechen zu den egoistischen Instinkten. Denn sobald man aus der Erkenntnis heraus spricht, sobald muß man nicht nur sprechen von dem, was jenseits der Pforte des Todes liegt, sondern man muß sprechen von dem, was jenseits der Pforte der Geburt oder, sagen wir, der Empfängnis liegt. Man muß nicht nur auf die geistigen Welten, die wir betreten nach dem Tode, hinweisen, sondern auf die geistigen Welten, die vor unserer Geburt oder vor unserer Empfängnis von uns durchlaufen werden, deren Impulse wir heruntertragen in die physischen Welten und die wir hier verwirklichen sollen. Im einzelnen ist über diese Dinge von den verschiedensten Gesichtspunkten aus gesprochen worden. Aber vergegenwärtigen wir es uns jetzt am Schlusse unseres Kurses noch einmal, wie anders der Lehrer vor dem werdenden Menschen steht, der sich sagt: Aus geistigen Welten trägt mir dieses Menschenkind etwas herein, dessen Entwicklung mir anvertraut ist. Diese Grundempfindung, die tragen zum Beispiel unsere Waldorflehrer durch die Türe des Klassenzimmers jedes Mal, wenn sie ihre Klasse betreten. Und auf solche Empfindungen kommt es an, nicht auf eine abstrakte Pädagogik.
[ 15 ] This was demonstrated to you in detail across a wide variety of scientific fields, and it was shown to you in a field that must be particularly close to our hearts today—the field of education—how the human soul is permeated by a mindset that, on the one hand, stems from pure phenomenalism, but which, on the other hand, [must] be filled by us with the impulse of Spiritual Science—how, from a state of soul arising from these deeper foundations, a true pedagogy can emerge—a pedagogy that truly takes human nature into account, one that does so in such a way that, in a sense, it perceives in the developing human being, in the child, something like a continuous revelation. Ladies and gentlemen, let us ask: Where, then, is the visible source of that which continually propels humanity forward? From the gray depths of the spirit comes to us that which propels humanity forward, in that with each new generation something grows within us from these gray depths of the spirit through that which, by inheritance and in the other ways described to you in the course of these lectures, flows from the spiritual depths of the world into this physical world. Decadent denominations have always relied solely on that which human beings carry within themselves as a refined form of soul egoism. This leads them to ask: What will become of me when my body decays into dust? Spiritual Science is certainly able to provide an answer to this question based on its foundations of knowledge: What will become of me? But let us trace the spirit from which the decadent creeds speak. They appeal everywhere to the most selfish instincts of human beings—instincts that do not wish to perish when their bodies decay; they do not speak from knowledge, but to these selfish instincts. For as soon as one speaks from knowledge, one must speak not only of what lies beyond the gate of death, but also of what lies beyond the gate of birth—or, let us say, of conception. One must point not only to the spiritual worlds we enter after death, but also to the spiritual worlds we pass through before our birth or before our conception—whose impulses we carry down into the physical worlds and which we are meant to realize here. These matters have been discussed in detail from a wide variety of perspectives. But let us now, at the conclusion of our course, recall once more how differently the teacher stands before the developing human being, saying to themselves: “This human child brings something to me from the spiritual worlds, and its development has been entrusted to me.” Our Waldorf teachers, for example, carry this fundamental feeling through the classroom door every time they enter their class. And it is such feelings that matter, not abstract pedagogy.
[ 16 ] Diese Empfindungen, diese Stellung des Menschen zu der ganzen Menschheitsentwicklung, das ist es, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, was die Seele der Menschen so hineinstellt in die pädagogische Kunst, daß dann in einer so schönen Weise gesprochen werden kann von dem, was in der Schule geschieht, wie zum Beispiel Dr. von Heydebrand hier vor Ihnen gesprochen hat. Wenn man so zu verknüpfen weiß die sinnliche Welt mit der übersinnlichen Welt, dann kommen jene Enthusiasmen, die notwendig sind für eine Gesundung unseres sozialen Lebens. Solche Enthusiasmen, die nun auch von pädagogischen Impulsen ausgehen müssen, wie sie Ihnen [Herbert] Hahn hier dargestellt hat für die Arbeiterbildungsbestrebungen, die nicht rechnen mit bourgeois-patriarchalischen Impulsen, sondern die hinhorchen wollen auf dasjenige, was die Zeichen der Zeit sprechen, was einfach aus dem Geiste der Menschheitsentwicklung heraus notwendig ist.
[ 16 ] These feelings, this perspective that human beings have on the entire course of human development—that, my esteemed audience, is what imbues the art of education with such a profound human spirit that one can then speak so beautifully about what takes place in school, as Dr. von Heydebrand, for example, has done here before you. When one knows how to link the sensory world with the supersensory world in this way, then the enthusiasm arises that is necessary for the healing of our social life. Such enthusiasm must now also spring from educational impulses, as [Herbert] Hahn has described here for the workers’ educational efforts—efforts that do not rely on bourgeois-patriarchal impulses, but seek to listen to what the signs of the times are saying, to what is simply necessary out of the spirit of human development.
[ 17 ] Und man kann schon, wenn man in dieser Weise, ich möchte sagen, mehr die reinen Erkenntniswissenschaften auffasst und sie herüberträgt ins Gebiet der Pädagogik und sich dabei eine Empfindung dafür aneignet, wie lebendig werden können diejenigen Dinge, die uns zu unseren Ideen anregen im menschlichen Handeln, dann kann man überleiten dasjenige, was Erkenntnis ist, in praktisches soziales Denken. Das war es, worauf zum Beispiel Dr. Boos in seinen Vorträgen über das soziale Leben hindeuten wollte, worauf die andern hindeuten wollten, welche über die sozialen Ergebnisse unseres geisteswissenschaftlichen Strebens gesprochen haben.
[ 17 ] And indeed, if one approaches the pure sciences in this way—I would say—and transfers them into the realm of pedagogy, thereby developing a sense of how vividly those things that inspire our ideas in human action can come to life, then one can translate what is knowledge into practical social thinking. That was what Dr. Boos, for example, sought to point out in his lectures on social life, and what the others sought to point out when they spoke about the social outcomes of our endeavors in Spiritual Science.
[ 18 ] Sehen Sie, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, bei dem, was Geisteswissenschaft ist, handelt es sich wahrhaftig um etwas außerordentlich Ernstes, um dasjenige, was ganz und gar entwickeln will die Kräfte, die verstehen, im Sinne der Andeutungen der Zeichen der Zeit zu handeln. Daraus entspringt aber auch eine ganz bestimmte Art — wenn ich jetzt das oftmals mißbrauchte Wort anwenden darf -, eine ganz bestimmte Art der Einstellung. Sehen Sie, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, immer wieder und wiederum kommen Dinge der Art, wie sie mir jetzt, wie ich hereingegangen bin in diesen Saal, auf einem Zettel aufgeschrieben dargereicht wurden. Da steht: Warum geht das soziale Wirken der anthroposophischen Bewegung separatistisch vor? Würde das Zusammenarbeiten mit der religiös-sozialen Bewegung nicht eine starke Stoßkraft bringen? - Ich frage Sie, hat derjenige, der solch eine Frage aufwerfen kann, nur auch die geringste Spur von demjenigen verfolgt, was eigentlich diese geisteswissenschaftliche Bewegung will? Hat derjenige, der eine solche Frage stellt, eine Empfindung dafür, aus welchem Ernste heraus in dieser Geisteswissenschaft gewollt wird? Nein, er würde sonst solche Fragen gar nicht stellen können. Ich scheue mich nicht, in strengster Weise zurückzuweisen dasjenige, was aus solcher Gesinnung kommt, denn man könnte heute schon wissen, daß dasjenige, was aus solchen Tiefen heraus schöpfen will auch ein soziales Wollen wie diese Geisteswissenschaft, nicht Kompromisse schließen darf von sich aus. Und ich kann immer nur die Antwort geben: Wenn einer solche Lust hat, mit den ReligiösSozialen zusammenzugehen, möge er mit ihnen entweder als Einzelner zusammengehen, oder er möge die Religiös-Sozialen veranlassen, mit uns zu gehen. Bei uns handelt es sich nicht um einen Separatismus, sondern um ein Zusammenfassen all derjenigen Kräfte, die wirklich die Zeichen der Zeit wenigstens verstehen wollen.
[ 18 ] You see, my esteemed audience, what Spiritual Science is all about is truly something extraordinarily serious—it is that which seeks to fully develop the powers that enable us to act in accordance with the signs of the times. But this also gives rise to a very specific kind—if I may use this often-misused word—of attitude. You see, my esteemed audience, time and again I encounter things of the sort that were handed to me on a slip of paper just now, as I entered this hall. It reads: Why does the social work of the anthroposophical movement proceed in a separatist manner? Wouldn’t cooperation with the religious-social movement provide a powerful impetus?—I ask you: Has the person who can raise such a question followed even the slightest trace of what this movement of Spiritual Science actually aims to achieve? Does the person who asks such a question have any sense of the seriousness with which the Spiritual Science is pursued? No, otherwise he would not be able to ask such questions at all. I do not hesitate to reject in the strongest terms whatever stems from such a mindset, for it is already clear today that whatever seeks to draw from such depths—including a social aspiration like Spiritual Science—must not, of its own accord, make compromises. And I can only ever give this answer: If someone has such a desire to join forces with the religious-socialists, let him either join them as an individual, or let him persuade the religious-socialists to join us. We are not concerned with separatism, but with bringing together all those forces that truly wish, at the very least, to understand the signs of the times.
[ 19 ] Aus solchen Bestrebungen, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, geht dann auch dasjenige hervor, was hinüberleitet von dem Erkenntnisgebiet, von dem Gebiete, das mehr das Erkenntnisgebiet ist, zu dem künstlerischen Gebiete. Und ich habe ja manches gerade über das Künstlerische in Anlehnung an dasjenige gesprochen, was hier in diesem Bau zur Ausführung hat kommen sollen. Ich habe Ihnen manches auch über das künstlerische Gebiet, in Anlehnung, wenn auch nur skizzenhaft sagen können, in Anlehnung an dasjenige, was hier über die deklamatorische Kunst, über die rezitatorische Kunst vorgebracht worden ist. Wohin haben wir es denn auf solchen Gebieten mit unserer materialistischen Zeitrichtung gebracht, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden? Wir haben es dahin gebracht, daß wir nach und nach überhaupt keine Rezitation mehr hatten. Wir haben es dahin gebracht, daß wir allmählich nicht mehr wußten, was Deklamieren und Rezitieren ist: daß das überhaupt ein Hinaufheben der Sprache in eine gewisse Sphäre ist. Man sah das besondere Ausgestalten gerade des Prosaischen immer mehr und mehr als die eigentliche Kunst des Deklamierens an, und man trug einen ganz unkünstlerischen Naturalismus auch in die Schauspielkunst zum Beispiel hinein. Da wird Geisteswissenschaft gerade durch die Art und Weise, wie sie den Menschen in seiner Ganzheit auffasst, die intimen inneren Vorgänge verfolgen können, die bei der Ausübung der Kunst des Gesanges, bei der Ausübung der Kunst der Deklamation sich abspielen und die allmählich auch immer mehr und mehr von dem Bewußtsein der Menschen aufgenommen werden müssen.
[ 19 ] It is from such endeavors, my esteemed audience, that what bridges the gap between the realm of knowledge—the realm that is more the realm of knowledge—and the artistic realm emerges. And I have, in fact, spoken at some length about the artistic realm, drawing on what was to be realized here in this building. I have also been able to say a great deal to you about the artistic realm—albeit only in sketch form—drawing on what has been presented here regarding the art of declamation and the art of recitation. Where, then, have we ended up in such fields under the influence of our materialistic era, my esteemed audience? We have reached the point where, little by little, we no longer had any recitation at all. We have reached the point where we gradually no longer knew what declamation and recitation are—that they involve, in fact, the elevation of language into a certain sphere. The specific artistry of shaping prose in particular came to be regarded more and more as the true art of declamation, and a completely unartistic naturalism was introduced even into the art of acting, for example. It is precisely through the way it perceives the human being in his or her entirety that the Spiritual Sciences will be able to trace the intimate inner processes that take place in the practice of the art of singing and the art of declamation—processes that must gradually be taken in more and more by human consciousness.
[ 20 ] Nun, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, wenn man in dieser Weise ernst arbeitet, arbeitet aus ganz bestimmten Untergründen heraus, die wahrhaftig nichts zu tun haben mit den letzten Konsequenzen des materialistischen Wollens, da kann man keine Kompromisse schließen. Meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, ich muß auf diesen Punkt stark hinweisen, daß wir keine Kompromisse schließen können, daß wir unseren Weg gehen müssen aus dem richtig erkannten Ziele heraus und aus den Quellen heraus, zu denen wir uns durch unsere Erkenntnis hinringen. Wie wenig das heute von mancher Seite durchschaut wird, das ist manchmal recht erstaunlich. Aber wir werden schon auf dem Standpunkt stehenbleiben müssen, daß wir nach keiner Richtung hin Kompromisse schließen. Wir wollen ernsthaftig aus unseren geistigen Quellen heraus eine Kunstrichtung auch anstreben. Das ist unser ehrliches Wollen.
[ 20 ] Well, my esteemed audience, when one works seriously in this way—drawing from very specific foundations that truly have nothing to do with the ultimate consequences of materialistic will—one cannot make any compromises. Ladies and gentlemen, I must strongly emphasize this point: that we cannot make any compromises, that we must follow our own path based on a correctly understood goal and on the sources to which our insight leads us. It is sometimes quite astonishing how little this is understood by some today. But we will have to stand firm on the position that we will not compromise in any direction. We want to earnestly strive for an artistic direction that springs from our spiritual sources. That is our sincere intention.
[ 21 ] Der Bau steht da. In den letzten Wochen, nachdem dieser Bau so dasteht, da konnten ja die mannigfaltigsten Leute hereingehen. Und sehen Sie, da gefiel sogar dieser Bau manchen Menschen, allerdings für ihre Zwecke. Wenn wir wollten Kompromisse schließen, oh, wir könnten mit diesem Bau rasch bekannt werden. Ich brauche Ihnen zum Beispiel nur eines zu verraten: Vor wenigen Tagen suchte bei uns die ganze Truppe des Herrn Max Reinhardt vom ehemaligen Deutschen Theater in Berlin an, ihre Spiele hier in diesen Räumen aufzuführen. Man fand es ganz konvenierend, daß wir einen Kompromiß schließen sollten mit der Reinhardterei! Nein, wir werden keine Kompromisse schließen, auch nicht mit derjenigen Kunst, die aus materialistischem Untergrunde in der Reinhardterei zutage tritt! (Lebhafter Beifall.) Wir werden aus den Quellen heraus schöpfen, zu denen wir uns einmal durchgearbeitet haben. Und wenn uns die Welt dazu die Mittel verweigert, dann werden wir halt nicht fertig mit demjenigen, was fertig werden soll. Aber auf solche Weise werden wir unsere Anknüpfungen mit der Welt nicht versuchen, wie sie uns etwa sich als gute Gelegenheiten ergeben würden, wenn hier - wie uns angetragen worden ist — Herr Moissi sein Vaterunser betete - ich glaube in «Jedermann», so heißt das berühmte Stück, das überall jetzt aufgeführt wird.
[ 21 ] The building stands there. In recent weeks, now that this building has been standing there, all sorts of people have been able to go inside. And you see, some people even liked this building—though for their own purposes. If we wanted to make compromises, oh, we could quickly make a name for ourselves with this building. For example, I need only tell you one thing: A few days ago, the entire troupe of Mr. Max Reinhardt from the former Deutsches Theater in Berlin approached us, seeking to stage their plays here in these rooms. It was considered quite convenient that we should strike a compromise with the Reinhardt crowd! No, we will not make any compromises, not even with the kind of art that emerges from materialistic underpinnings at the Reinhardt Theater! (Lively applause.) We will draw from the sources we have worked our way toward. And if the world denies us the means to do so, then we simply won’t finish what needs to be finished. But we will not seek to establish our connections with the world in such a way—even if they were to present themselves as good opportunities, as they might, for example, if here—as has been suggested to us—Mr. Moissi were to recite the Lord’s Prayer—I believe in Jedermann; that is the name of the famous play that is now being performed everywhere.
[ 22 ] Ich wollte mit dem, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, nur andeuten, wie es manchen Leuten gerade bequem wäre, dasjenige auszunützen, was nun einmal dasteht. Wir werden dafür sorgen, daß es nur seinem reinen Zwecke, seinem reinen Ziele genügt. Meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, die Brücke kann geschlagen werden zu einer wirklich lebensvollen Kunst gerade von der geisteswissenschaftlichen Vertiefung her. Und daß sie auch geschlagen werden kann zu einem ehrlichen religiösen Empfinden, nun ja, das werden Sie ganz gewiß durch alles haben durchempfinden können, was hier vorgebracht worden ist. Daß wir es in dieser Beziehung besonders schwierig haben, selbst schwierig haben hier in der freien Schweiz, davon könnten Sie sich überzeugen, wenn Sie alles dasjenige zur Kenntnis nehmen würden, was hier herumschwirrt an Verleumdungen und an Mythen, die über unsere Absichten, über unser ganzes Wesen verbreitet werden. Doch damit will ich Sie nicht weiter behelligen. Ich wollte nur, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, mit einigen Strichen, die selbstverständlich auch ganz anders hätten gezogen werden können, hinweisen jetzt, wo wir auseinandergehen sollen, noch einmal auf dasjenige, was uns eigentlich beseelt. Sie werden es gerade aus dieser Charakteristik unserer Ziele, aus alledem heraus, was uns zu unserem Wirken veranlasst, verstehen, daß es uns eine große Befriedigung gewährt, daß insbesondere die Persönlichkeiten, die im wissenschaftlichen Leben drinnenstehen oder in dieses wissenschaftliche Leben hineinstreben, jetzt in unserer Mitte waren, jetzt teilnehmen wollten an demjenigen, was hier in diesem Goetheanum getrieben wird. Und Sie werden es mir glauben, wenn ich Ihnen die Versicherung gebe - ich kann die Versicherung geben im Namen all derjenigen, die es ehrlich und wahr meinen mit dem anthroposophisch orientierten geisteswissenschaftlichen Streben -, wenn ich Ihnen die Versicherung gebe, daß es uns eben diese tiefste Befriedigung war, gerade diese Persönlichkeiten des wissenschaftlichen Lebens hier zu sehen, denn es ist einmal die Zeit, wo unsere Geisteswissenschaft, soll sie überhaupt etwas in der Welt bedeuten, von der Wissenschaft wird aufgenommen werden müssen.
[ 22 ] What I wanted to suggest, my esteemed audience, is simply how convenient it would be for some people to exploit what is already there. We will ensure that it serves only its true purpose, its true goal. Ladies and gentlemen, a bridge can be built to a truly vibrant art precisely through a deepening of the Spiritual Science. And that a bridge can also be built to an honest religious sentiment—well, you will certainly have been able to sense that throughout everything that has been presented here. That we face particular difficulties in this regard—even here in free Switzerland—is something you could see for yourselves if you were to take note of all the slander and myths circulating here about our intentions and our very nature. But I do not wish to trouble you further with that. I merely wished, my esteemed audience, to highlight—with a few brief remarks, which of course could have been phrased quite differently—just as we are about to part ways, once again what truly inspires us. You will understand, precisely from this characterization of our goals, from everything that motivates our work, that it gives us great satisfaction that, in particular, those individuals who are deeply involved in scientific life or who are striving toward it were here among us today and wished to participate in what is being pursued here in this Goetheanum. And you will believe me when I assure you—I can give this assurance on behalf of all those who are sincere and genuine in their anthroposophically oriented endeavors in Spiritual Science—when I assure you that it was precisely this that gave us the deepest satisfaction: to see these very figures from the world of science here, for the time has come when our Spiritual Science, if it is to mean anything at all in the world, will have to be embraced by science.
[ 23 ] Von manchen Seiten ist es merkwürdig empfunden worden, daß dasjenige, was - wie man sagte - ein hohes geistiges Streben sein soll, sich nun auch herabgelassen hat zu sozialer Wirksamkeit. Man müsste in der gegenwärtigen Zeit eigentlich jedes geistige Streben als innerlich verlogen empfinden, das nicht den Übergang sucht zu sozialer Wirksamkeit. Nur diejenigen Erkenntnis-Ideen wurzeln wahr in dem menschlichen Inneren, die in sozialer Wirksamkeit sich entladen, die herausgedrängt werden zu sozialer Wirksamkeit.
[ 23 ] Some have found it strange that what—as it was said—is supposed to be a lofty spiritual endeavor has now condescended to social action. In the present age, one should actually regard any spiritual aspiration that does not seek to transition into social action as inwardly insincere. Only those ideas of knowledge are truly rooted within the human soul that find expression in social action, that are driven outward toward social action.
[ 24 ] Meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, an uns hat es nicht gelegen, daß gerade in den breiten Kreisen des neueren Proletariats unsere Dreigliederungsideen mißverstanden wurden allmählich. Das lag an der proletarischen Führerschaft. Und ehe nicht das Proletariat einsieht, daß seine größten Feinde seine Führer sind, ehe wird dieses Proletariat sich nicht zu irgendeiner Klarheit durchringen. Sogar dies wurde auch hier in den letzten Tagen in der mannigfaltigsten Weise gesagt, daß dasjenige, was wir schreiben oder drucken lassen, doch für das Proletariat nicht zugänglich sei, zu hoch sei und dergleichen. Man erkennt, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, an einem solchen Ausspruch das Nachmachen des Bürgerlichen, des Schlecht-Bürgerlichen. Denn wenn das Proletariat einmal sich losmacht von dem Nachplappern jener Wissenschaft, die eben in den Materialismus hineingeführt hat und die nicht auf seinem Grunde, sondern auf bürgerlichem Grunde entstanden ist, dann wird es vor allen Dingen die Geisteswissenschaft verstehen. Denn die Geisteswissenschaft ist für alle Menschen da und kann von allen Menschen verstanden werden. Allerdings, bürgerlich in dem Sinne, wie das Bourgeoistum allmählich in den Materialismus übergegangen ist, da ist ja eine andere Auffassung.
[ 24 ] Ladies and gentlemen, it was not our fault that our ideas on the threefold social order were gradually misunderstood, particularly among the broad circles of the newer proletariat. That was due to the proletarian leadership. And until the proletariat realizes that its greatest enemies are its leaders, it will not be able to bring itself to any kind of clarity. Even this has been said here in the last few days in the most varied ways—that what we write or have printed is, after all, inaccessible to the proletariat, too high-brow, and so on. One recognizes, my esteemed audience, in such a statement the imitation of the bourgeois, the petty bourgeois. For once the proletariat breaks free from parroting that science which has led it into materialism—a science that arose not on its own foundation but on a bourgeois foundation—then it will, above all, understand Spiritual Science. The Spiritual Science is there for all people and can be understood by all people. Admittedly, “bourgeois” in the sense that bourgeoisie has gradually transitioned into materialism—there is, of course, a different conception.
[ 25 ] Es ist mir ja so manches auf meinem Lebensweg begegnet. Ich erwähne nichts anderes aus dem Persönlichen als dasjenige, was auch symptomatisch für die allgemeine Zeitlage sein kann. Ich habe auch gewirkt jahrelang als Lehrer einer Arbeiterbildungsschule unter Proletariern. Ich habe aber auch unter Angehörigen anderer Klassen Mannigfaltiges vorgetragen. So trug ich einmal in einer Gesellschaft von Frauen über Literaturgeschichte vor. Es war eine Gesellschaft von Frauen, die dadurch zustande gekommen war, daß die Männer es vermieden, sich mit irgend etwas Geistigem zu beschäftigen, sondern das als eine Frauenangelegenheit eben ihren Frauen überließen. Und so wurde ein Kurs zusammengestellt, dem ich Literaturgeschichte vorzutragen hatte. Aber einmal hatten es doch diese Frauen dahin gebracht, einen Abend zu veranstalten, zu dem auch die Männer gekommen waren, und sie hatten mich gebeten, für diesen Abend über Goethes «Faust» zu sprechen. Und ich habe über Goethes «Faust» gesprochen in dem Sinne, wie man nur für Menschen sprechen kann, die bei Tag auf der Börse spielen, irgend etwas anderes ähnliches tun, zum Beispiel mit der jetzigen offiziellen Medizin Kranke heilen und dergleichen. Alle diese verschiedenen Kreise waren dann da. Sie alle versicherten mir, daß es ihnen sehr schwer geworden ist, dasjenige, was ich so populär als möglich über den Goetheschen «Faust» gesprochen habe, zu verstehen, denn - sagten sie- der Goethesche «Faust», das sei überhaupt so eine besondere Sache, der Goethesche «Faust» sei ja kein Theaterstück. Das war so die allgemeine Meinung jener aber wirklich bourgeois recht hochstehender Kreise. Ja, wenn man den ganzen Tag gearbeitet und geschuftet hat - meinten die Leute - dann könne man doch nicht abends etwa an den Goetheschen «Faust» herangehen, da sei doch der «Blumenthal» das Rechte.
[ 25 ] I have certainly encountered many things in the course of my life. I mention nothing personal other than what may also be symptomatic of the general state of affairs. For many years, I also worked as a teacher at a workers’ educational school among the proletariat. But I have also given a variety of lectures to members of other social classes. For example, I once gave a lecture on literary history to a women’s society. It was a women’s society that had come into being because the men avoided engaging with anything intellectual, leaving it—as a “women’s matter”—to their wives. And so a course was organized in which I was to lecture on literary history. But on one occasion, these women had managed to organize an evening to which the men had also come, and they had asked me to speak about Goethe’s Faust for that evening. And I spoke about Goethe’s Faust in the way one can only speak to people who spend their days speculating on the stock market, or doing something similar—for example, healing the sick with current conventional medicine and the like. All these different circles were there. They all assured me that they had found it very difficult to understand what I had said—as popularly as possible—about Goethe’s Faust, because, they said, Goethe’s Faust was such a special thing; after all, Goethe’s Faust was not a play. That was the general opinion of those circles, which were, however, truly bourgeois and of quite high standing. Yes, if one has worked and toiled all day—people said—then one certainly cannot tackle Goethe’s Faust in the evening; Blumenthal is the right choice for that.
[ 26 ] Ich zitiere nur! - Allmählich müssen jene Dinge, die eigentlich im Grunde genommen von dieser Bourgeois-Gesinnung heruntergegangen sind in das Proletariat, verschwinden, und es muß gerade dasjenige verschwinden, in dem die Urgründe unseres eigentlichen Niederganges sich finden. Man muß sie im geistigen Felde suchen, und man muß ihnen vom geistigen Felde aus abhelfen. Daher kann eine wahre, ehrliche Geisteswissenschaft heute nicht anders vor die Welt hintreten als zugleich mit sozialen Impulsen. Und diese sozialen Impulse, sie sind gerade für ein wirkliches Erkennen der heutigen Weltenlage von allen möglichen Gesichtspunkten aus zu durchschauen.
[ 26 ] I am merely quoting! — Gradually, those things that have essentially trickled down from this bourgeois mindset into the proletariat must disappear, and it is precisely that which contains the root causes of our actual decline that must vanish. One must seek them in the spiritual realm, and one must remedy them from within that spiritual realm. Therefore, a true, honest Spiritual Science today cannot present itself to the world without also offering social impulses. And these social impulses must be thoroughly examined from every possible perspective in order to truly understand the current state of the world.
[ 27 ] Es mußte ja hier auch gesprochen werden von jenem Riß, der in das mitteleuropäische Geistesleben hineingekommen ist in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Besonders anschaulich hat Ihnen Herr Rudolf Meyer aus Berlin bei seiner Besprechung der Herbartschen Pädagogik auf diesen geistigen Riß hingedeutet. Er hat zugleich angedeutet, was alles an Untergangskräften zusammenhängt gerade mit diesem Riß, mit dieser - anders gesprochen - Verintellektualisierung zum Beispiel der gesamten pädagogischen Kunst. Und wahr ist es, dieser Riß ist da. Viel ist zitiert worden in den letzten Jahren in Mitteleuropa an Fichte-Worten, an Goethe-Worten. Es war immer schrecklich, wenn diese Dinge zitiert wurden, denn diejenigen, die sie zitierten, verstanden sie nicht, und diejenigen, denen sie zitiert wurden, verstanden sie erst recht nicht, denn dieses Geistesleben ist zunächst verschüttet. Es muß wieder aufleben. Wir haben heute ein Geistesleben, das in einer gewissen Einseitigkeit wirkt über die ganze Welt hin, das aber durchaus durchtränkt ist mit dem, was zum Beispiel lebte als einseitige Entwicklungslehre in Darwin, was lebte in Spencer, in Huxley und so weiter.
[ 27 ] We must, of course, also speak here of that rift that entered Central European intellectual life in the first half of the 19th century. Mr. Rudolf Meyer from Berlin pointed out this intellectual rift particularly vividly in his discussion of Herbart’s pedagogy. At the same time, he indicated all the destructive forces connected precisely with this rift—or, to put it another way, with the intellectualization of, for example, the entire art of pedagogy. And it is true: this rift exists. In recent years in Central Europe, many words of Fichte and Goethe have been quoted. It was always dreadful when these things were quoted, for those who quoted them did not understand them, and those to whom they were quoted certainly did not understand them either, because this spiritual life has, for the time being, been buried. It must be revived. Today we have a spiritual life that exerts a certain one-sided influence throughout the entire world, but which is thoroughly imbued with what, for example, lived as a one-sided theory of evolution in Darwin, and what lived in Spencer, Huxley, and so on.
[ 28 ] Ja aber, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, die Gedanken, die in jener Naturwissenschaft, in jener Wissenschaft überhaupt leben, was sind denn das für Gedanken? - Prüfen wir sie unbefangen, dann finden wir, was sie für Gedanken sind. Die Gedanken der heutigen zeitgenössischen Wissenschafter, sie sind gerade diejenigen Gedanken, die, ich möchte sagen, nur hineingehören in das Wirtschaftsleben. Würde Herbert Spencer, würde Huxley, würde Darwin und die anderen, würden sie Leiter von Fabriken, Leiter von Wirtschaftsunternehmungen geworden sein, dann würden ihre Gedanken dorthinein getaugt haben. Denn unter der eigentümlichen Konstellation, die da ist, wegen der besonderen Verteilung von Produktion und Konsumtion und Handel, hat sich einmal in der westlichen Welt das wirtschaftliche Denken mit besonderem Raffınement ausgebildet. Aber dieses Denken wurde, ich möchte sagen, unrechtmäßigerweise versetzt hinein in alles mögliche Wissenschaftliche, in alles mögliche Staatliche. Es muß in demjenigen Gebiete bleiben, für das es eigentlich bestimmt ist. Dagegen müssen wir für das Wissenschaftliche neue Wege finden. Diejenigen, die Darwinianer, Spencerianer sind, sie haben oftmals in Goethe nichts weiter gesehen als einen Vorläufer Darwins. Ich habe mich in meinen allermeisten Schriften scharf gegen diese Auffassung gewandt, immer darauf hingewiesen: Mit dem, was von Darwin kommt, was von Spencer kommt, mag allerlei im Speziellen erreicht sein; wollen wir aber vorwärtskommen, dann müssen wir den Goetheanismus aufnehmen, dann brauchen wir dasjenige, was größer ist als die angeblichen Einsichten der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts. So muß man sich auf allen Gebieten hineinzustellen verstehen in den Gang der Menschheitsentwicklung, indem man das Walten der geistigen Mächte und Kräfte in diesem Gang der Menschheitsentwicklung aus dem Geiste der Anthroposophie heraus zu verstehen unternimmt.
[ 28 ] Yes, but, my esteemed audience, what kind of thoughts are those that exist in that natural science, in science in general? — If we examine them impartially, we will discover what kind of thoughts they are. The ideas of today’s contemporary scientists are precisely those ideas that, I would say, belong only in economic life. If Herbert Spencer, if Huxley, if Darwin, and the others had become factory managers or heads of business enterprises, then their ideas would have been well-suited to that realm. For under the peculiar constellation that exists—due to the specific distribution of production, consumption, and trade—economic thinking has developed with particular sophistication in the Western world. But this way of thinking has, I would say, been improperly transplanted into all manner of scientific fields and into all manner of governmental affairs. It must remain within the realm for which it is actually intended. In contrast, we must find new paths for the scientific realm. Those who are Darwinists or Spencerians have often seen in Goethe nothing more than a precursor to Darwin. In the vast majority of my writings, I have sharply opposed this view, always pointing out: While all sorts of specific achievements may have been made through the ideas of Darwin and Spencer, if we are to make progress, we must embrace Goetheanism; we need that which is greater than the supposed insights of the second half of the 19th century. Thus, in all fields, one must learn to place oneself within the course of human development by undertaking to understand the workings of the spiritual powers and forces in this course of human development from the perspective of anthroposophy.
[ 29 ] Nun möchte ich mich noch insonderheit, aber, ich möchte sagen, damit es die anderen auch vernehmen, an die, die Studenten sind, an die lieben Kommilitonen wenden, die diesmal hier waren, und möchte zu Ihnen nur das sagen: Sehen Sie, meine lieben Kommilitonen, wir sind heute noch eben in der besonderen Lage - ich habe es an anderen Orten zu Ihnen sogar schon angedeutet - wir sind noch in der besonderen Lage, daß wir Ihnen nur bringen können dasjenige, wovon wir glauben, daß es groß und bedeutsam werden soll in Ihren Seelen, damit Sie mit uns Mitarbeiter an dem notwendigen Fortschrittsstreben der Menschheit werden. Wir können Ihnen heute keine Grade, keine Ämter, keine Würden geben, solange wir nicht kräftiger eingreifen können in dasjenige, was auch notwendig ist, in die Emanzipation des Geisteslebens vom Staate und vom Wirtschaftsleben. Aber nur wen wir recht zahlreiche Menschen und menschliche Persönlichkeiten von Ihrer Art finden, die einsehen können, welche Wachstumsmöglichkeiten in dem geisteswissenschaftlichen Streben, wie es hier gemeint ist, doch liegen müssen, wenn wir Persönlichkeiten aus Ihren Kreisen finden, die wahr und mutig mitkämpfen wollen und den Kreis der Mitkämpfer immer größer und größer machen, dann wird auch die Zeit kommen, wo nichts mehr hindern wird, daß auch, ohne sich zu stoßen an den Hindernissen und Hemmnissen der äußeren Welt, derjenige, der aus der Wissenschaft heraus ins Leben strebt, ganz auf dem Boden der anthroposophisch orientierten Geisteswissenschaft stehen kann. Und wir möchten uns der Hoffnung hingeben, daß Sie so glücklich sein mögen, die Sie als die Vorkämpfer für unsere Sache aus der Studentenschaft heraus diesmal zu unserer tiefen Befriedigung hier waren, wir möchten hoffen, daß Sie so glücklich wären, daß Sie in Scharen und immer weiteren Scharen nach und nach anrücken könnten zum Streben in der Richtung der Geisteswissenschaft. Aus jenem Herzen heraus, das wir hier für die Geisteswissenschaft haben, mußten wir Sie willkommen heißen, und aus jenem Herzen heraus werden wir Sie begleiten bei Ihrer Arbeit für unsere Sache, wenn Sie jetzt wiederum in die Welt hinausziehen zu Ihrer Arbeit, die aber zu gleicher Zeit in einigem wenigstens eine Mitarbeit mit unserem Streben sein soll.
[ 29 ] Now I would like to address in particular—but, I should say, so that the others may hear as well—those who are students, my dear fellow students who were here this time, and I would like to say only this to you: You see, my dear fellow students, we are still in a unique situation today—I have even hinted at this to you in other places—we are still in a unique situation in that we can only offer you that which we believe will become great and significant in your souls, so that you may become our partners in humanity’s necessary striving for progress. We cannot grant you any degrees, offices, or titles today, as long as we are unable to intervene more forcefully in what is also necessary: the emancipation of spiritual life from the state and from economic life. But only if we find a sufficient number of people and human personalities of your kind who can recognize the possibilities for growth that must surely lie in the pursuit of Spiritual Science, as understood here—if we find individuals from your circles who are willing to fight alongside us with sincerity and courage, and who will make the circle of fellow fighters ever larger and larger— then the time will also come when nothing will stand in the way of those who strive from science into life being able to stand firmly on the ground of anthroposophically oriented Spiritual Science, without stumbling over the obstacles and hindrances of the external world. And we would like to cherish the hope that you—who, as the pioneers of our cause from the student body, were here this time to our deep satisfaction—may be so fortunate that you, in droves and ever-growing droves, may gradually join the pursuit of Spiritual Science. Out of the very heart we hold here for Spiritual Science, we had to welcome you, and out of that same heart we will accompany you in your work for our cause as you now go out into the world once more to your work—which, at the same time, should at least in some respects be a collaboration with our endeavor.
[ 30 ] Und diejenigen, die aus den weitesten Kreisen teilgenommen haben an demjenigen, was diesmal hier veranstaltet worden ist, die werden sich überzeugt haben, daß hier nichts vorliegt von einem leichtfertigen Streben, nichts von irgendeiner Vorliebe oder von dem, was aus einer nicht sehr tiefen Sympathie für allerlei Mystik und dergleichen hervorgehen kann, sondern daß hier etwas vorliegt, was aus jenen menschlichen Untergründen heraus stammt, wo das Gewissen erwächst für die großen Aufgaben der Menschheit.
[ 30 ] And those from the broadest circles who have participated in what has been organized here this time will have become convinced that there is nothing here that stems from a frivolous pursuit, nor of any personal preference, nor of what might arise from a superficial interest in all manner of mysticism and the like; rather, there is something here that springs from those depths of the human soul where conscience is formed for the great tasks of humanity.
[ 31 ] Meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, möge, weil es ein Anfang ist, dasjenige, was wir bis jetzt zustande gebracht haben, noch so unzulänglich sein - wir können das ruhig zugeben -, möge es noch so unzulänglich sein, abhalten davon [könnte uns] - auch selbst wenn es uns als unzulänglich nachgewiesen würde —, abhalten davon, auf diesem Wege weiterzustreben, könnte uns höchstens das: wenn wir finden würden, daß andere besser streben. Dann würden wir gern unsere Unzulänglichkeit in die Ecke stellen und zurücktreten. Solange aber wir nicht finden können, daß andere besser streben, so lange ist es unsere heiligste Pflicht, aus dem Gewissen des Geistes der Menschheit heraus auf unsere Art zu streben. Und aus diesem Geiste heraus haben wir Sie alle heute vor drei Wochen hier herzlichst willkommen geheißen, aus diesem Geiste heraus sprechen wir heute zu Ihnen, die wir hier weiterarbeiten wollen, indem wir Ihnen herzlichste Abschiedsgrüße nachsenden, Abschiedsgrüße, die da meinen, es muß durch solche Veranstaltungen immer mehr und mehr Kraft erwachsen für dasjenige, was zur Morgenröte der Menschheit, nicht zur drohenden Abendröte führt. Wir waren froh, daß Sie alle da waren; wir geben uns der Hoffnung hin, daß dasjenige, was sich mit diesem Kurse angebahnt hat, recht recht oft sich wiederholen könne, daß es sich wiederholen könne vor immer mehr und mehr Menschen. Wir geben uns aber vor allen Dingen der Hoffnung hin, daß dasjenige entstehen möge, was ich heute Mittag erst die Vollendung des hiesigen Baues genannt habe. Fertig ist dasjenige, was hier gewollt wird, eben doch erst dann, wenn diejenigen, die hier gesehen, gehört, empfunden haben, hinausgehen in die Welt und jeder nach seiner Kraft an seinem Platze weiterarbeitet. Dann wird jeder ein Baustein sein. Dann wird jener große Bau geistigen Lebens, künstlerischen Wesens, sozialer Wirksamkeit entfaltet werden, den wir heute zur Wiedergesundung der Menschheit wahrhaftig und notwendig brauchen.
[ 31 ] Ladies and gentlemen, since this is just the beginning, may what we have accomplished so far—however inadequate it may be —and we can readily admit that—no matter how inadequate it may be, nothing could deter us—not even if it were proven to us that it is inadequate—from continuing to strive along this path, except perhaps this: if we were to find that others are striving better. Then we would gladly set our inadequacy aside and step back. But as long as we cannot find that others are striving better, it remains our most sacred duty to strive in our own way, guided by the conscience of the spirit of humanity. And it was in this spirit that we warmly welcomed you all here three weeks ago today; it is in this spirit that we speak to you today—we who wish to continue our work here—as we send you our warmest farewells, farewells that express the belief that such events must generate ever more and more strength for that which leads to the dawn of humanity, not to the looming twilight. We were glad that you were all here; we hold out the hope that what has begun with this course may be repeated time and again, that it may be repeated before ever more and more people. But above all, we hold out the hope that what I called just this noon the completion of the work here may come to pass. What is intended here will only truly be complete when those who have seen, heard, and felt here go out into the world and each, according to their ability, continues to work in their own place. Then each person will be a building block. Then that great edifice of spiritual life, artistic essence, and social effectiveness will unfold—the very thing we truly and necessarily need today for the restoration of humanity.
[ 32 ] Mit diesem Gefühle, meine sehr verehrten Anwesenden, wollen wir heute auseinandergehen und wollen hoffen, daß wir uns in nicht allzu ferner Zeit wiederum hier zusammenfinden, um wiederum etwas zu tun, um die Bausteine, die zu diesem großen Menschheitsbau notwendig sind, immer tauglicher und tauglicher zu machen.
[ 32 ] With this sentiment, my esteemed guests, let us part ways today and hope that we will gather here again in the not-too-distant future to continue our work of making the building blocks necessary for this great edifice of humanity ever more suitable and fit for purpose.
[ 33 ] In diesem Sinne sage ich Ihnen die herzlichsten Abschiedsgrüße aus meinem eigenen Herzen heraus, aus dem Herzen aller derjenigen, die ehrlich, wahr und aufrichtig an demjenigen arbeiten, dessen äußeres Wahrzeichen dieser Bau ist, in dem wir einige Zeit im Sinne des Mitwirkens zum Menschheitsstreben hier mitsammen zubringen durften.
[ 33 ] In this spirit, I extend to you my warmest farewell greetings from the bottom of my heart, and from the hearts of all those who work honestly, truthfully, and sincerely for the cause symbolized by this building, where we have been privileged to spend some time together, contributing to the aspirations of humanity.
Final Words
[ 34 ] Farewell words at the end of the anthroposophical university courses
[ 35 ] My dear friends! We have come to the end of the scientific course organized by the Goetheanum. Perhaps I may remind you today of the words with which this series of scientific courses was opened. It was said that the goal we have set ourselves here at the Goetheanum, as something necessary for the development of humanity itself, is a spiritual deepening that can lead to reconciliation, unity, and mutual enrichment between religion, art, and science. For it is precisely in this union of religion, art, and science that we must see, from our spiritual-scientific point of view, that which can lead to the further development of humanity in a healing way, that which can intervene in an effective way in the social life of humanity, can intervene as necessary so that we can avoid the clearly perceptible descent into barbarism and do not strive toward a twilight, as is now to be scientifically proven, but on the contrary, out of necessity, misery, and error, toward a new dawn for humanity. And perhaps, after recalling our starting point, I may add a few words about what we actually had in mind when we organized these courses. This time, our main goal was to show how what we mean here by spiritual science can have a fruitful effect on the individual sciences.
[ 36 ] In order to demonstrate this, so to speak, at the outset, we needed to hear from a number of personalities who each come from a specific contemporary discipline and who are therefore just as much at home in the spirit of their individual disciplines as they are in what, in a summarizing and spiritually penetrating way, spiritual science seeks to bring into our civilization. It was not important to us to present spiritual science as such to you this time, but rather that experts from their respective fields could present the effective content of spiritual science to you from the spirit of their fields.
[ 37 ] It has indeed been a painful experience that disturbances have arisen in the implementation of these intentions, for example, in the field that is particularly important to us, the field of medicine, where we have not been able to show how a bridge can be built to spiritual science through direct speech from the field itself. It is in the nature of this beginning, in which we still stand in our spiritual scientific work, that much of what we have said in our courses has been, so to speak, permeated by a kind of critical tone, critical of the shortcomings to which the individual sciences have come through their specialization. But you will already have seen the thoroughly positive aspects that can arise from the alliance of spiritual science with the individual sciences.
Certainly, my dear friends, one can still say today: Yes, what is external science, official science, state science, and so on, has the trained individual sciences. What you are offering at first is all in an initial state. Yes, but, my dear friends, one must consider our situation. Across broad fields of scientific life, it is necessary to have resources, many resources, in order, for example, to proceed with the experiments that must be undertaken, that can be undertaken, if it is to be fully demonstrated what spiritual science can do for the individual sciences. We are, in a sense, a small community in the midst of a scientific enterprise that has enormous resources at its disposal in the direction just described, because it has the support of the state. We certainly do not strive for this, but once people understand this one point in the impulse of the threefold social organism, that the spiritual life must be placed on its own feet, then we will not lack the means to work in the same way as the present sciences, even with regard to external experiments. But what can be determined from the goal of spiritual science will already be evident in the arrangement of the experiments and in the entire production of the experimental equipment. We cannot undertake extensive research trips, nor can we carry out the experiments that have been described. And so the first thing we could give you was intended more to show the direction in which progress must be made in order to call you to collaborate with us. And you will have noticed how, despite our limited resources and the difficulty of our work, our directions are strictly defined for the most diverse fields of study.[ 38 ] In this connection, I would like to draw your attention to one particular point. Ladies and gentlemen, it is easy today to argue against what spiritual science recognizes as the laws of human development. For it recognizes that humanity on earth has reached a point in its development where, simply through the driving forces inherent in this development itself, it is predetermined that humanity will advance to much more conscious states of religious feeling, artistic activity, and scientific striving than has been the case up to now. One can, I say, argue against this and say that it would be much better to remain in naivety. One can declare that only instinctive human beings are actually right, that by rising to clearer states of consciousness, the instincts that are believed to guide human beings safely would be reduced. Certainly, one can say all that. But it does not matter what preconceptions and prejudices one has regarding what is necessary for the progress of humanity; what matters is what the signs of the times themselves demand of us. That one must do it one way or the other, ladies and gentlemen, is something that everyone imagines according to the particular nature of their preconceptions and prejudices; and that if all people did what one or the other feels is right for themselves based on these preconceptions and prejudices, if all people did that, then everyone would think that this would be the surest way forward.
[ 39 ] In response to these things, I must repeatedly refer to a small experience I once had in a southern German city—which no longer exists—after a lecture I gave on “Wisdom and Christianity.” What happened then, and which has not happened to me for a long time now, was that what I had just said, although it was spoken in exactly the same spirit in which I always speak, did not displease two Catholic priests who were in the hall. They probably understood a great deal of what I had said in my lecture, and so they came up to me after the lecture and said: Yes, you didn't actually contradict Christianity, we can't object to much of what you said; but you see, what you say can only be said to those who are prepared for it, to those who fulfill certain prerequisites. But the way we represent Christianity—said these two Catholic priests—is for all people, we represent it for all people. One must always be polite, so I said: Reverend, I believe you when you say that this is your subjective opinion; but after all, everyone thinks that if everyone did things the way they do, it would be for the good of all people. But whether I believe that I am doing the right thing for all people, or whether you believe that you are doing the right thing for all people, is completely irrelevant. What matters is that, setting aside our preconceptions, our sympathies and antipathies, we acquire a spiritual ear for what the times demand of us, for what the history of human development itself tells us. And here I want to say something very simple to you: Of course, every Sunday you preach from your pulpit in the way you think all people can hear, in the way you think all people can be edified by it. But I ask you only this small thing: Do all people still come to you today? - They couldn't say yes, of course! - Well, I say, you must admit that certain people are left out; they are the ones I am talking about, because they also need to hear about Christian development.
[ 40 ] Hearing the voices of facts, even in the historical development of humanity, is what matters. And so we cannot argue against the fact that humanity has now reached a point in its development where it must strive more and more consciously toward its goal, where much of what could formerly be pursued naively and instinctively must now be permeated by a clearer, brighter consciousness. That is what we want to understand within spiritual science. And that is why we must above all have a relationship with this spiritual science, a very real relationship with scientific endeavor, which must strive, out of knowledge, to promote conscious knowing, feeling, and willing. And, my dear friends, you will have seen from the way in which the individual sciences have been dealt with here by more than thirty personalities before you, how individual sciences, that which spills over into the artistic realm, have been dealt with. you will have seen how, with the full conscientiousness that has developed in recent times through the individual sciences, these sciences are to be permeated by the humanities. We need, for example, a new relationship to language. Yes, my dear friends, that sounds paradoxical, and yet it is true: we need a new relationship to language if we want to make progress in human development.
[ 41 ] You see, ladies and gentlemen, we often experience today that when we come from those spiritual scientific foundations from which the anthroposophical striving wants to flow, when we represent this or that from these foundations, people come and say: Well, just look, I have here—some article in a journal, I have some book, that's all anthroposophy! Yes, in the early days, when I was advocating anthroposophy, people even came and referred to this or that pulpit speaker who supposedly represented anthroposophy. But, my dear friends, there is a problem of time here that is of great importance. We have simply reached a point in human development where, even if what I have just said, where people come and say, ‘That is pure anthroposophy,’ is in most cases foolishness, it can nevertheless be said: We have reached a point in human development where many people, simply by using external words, say things that to the superficial observer sound very similar to what sometimes has to be said about intimate matters from an anthroposophical perspective. Today, it is no longer possible to distinguish whether something written by someone with a routine in writing in our highly intellectualized civilization comes from one source or another, or whether it truly speaks from a genuine, honest, and true representation. However, it is not important that something here or there is reminiscent of anthroposophical reality, but rather that what is said truly comes from anthroposophical sources. Therefore, it is not enough today to simply follow and accept something word for word.
[ 42 ] Today, it is entirely possible for charlatans to create the appearance of representing the same thing as someone who draws from true sources and follows true paths to their goal by cobbling together what they have learned. I believe that there is something extremely significant behind what I am saying here. What lies behind this is that we must accustom ourselves in our paper age to no longer look merely at the external content of what is written or printed, but to acquire a view, a feeling for what lies behind the words and between the lines; to place ourselves completely within a spiritual context and not merely judge by the surface of the words. But this, my dear friends, requires that we acquire certain feelings toward language that are only now possible, and these feelings can only arise from a spiritual deepening of linguistics. Such a spiritual deepening of linguistics has been pointed out in our course.
[ 43 ] I would also like to draw your attention to what has been said here in recent days with regard to the view of human history. It has been pointed out how a mind as significant as Wilhelm von Humboldt strove for a deeper understanding of history at the beginning of the 19th century, but how it became impossible in the second half of the 19th century, given the general cultural and civilizational conditions, to even understand what a man like Humboldt wanted. And it has been pointed out that Humboldt could not have had any further influence because the pursuit of mere ideas in history cannot lead to anything. Ladies and gentlemen, ideas as such are abstractions. They are not forces that can influence events; they cannot, of course, direct the history of humanity. On the other hand, it has been rightly pointed out that the humanities reveal the true sources that are effective in human development, showing in detail the spiritual forces behind the course of events.
[ 44 ] But what does such a spiritual-scientific deepening of history lead to? It leads to human beings not merely standing instinctively in their age, but because they see through the spiritual activity in the past, they can also take their own stand in the present with full consciousness and consciously confront the spiritual forces that want to advance human activity. The signs of the times speak very clearly that we must go beyond the purely abstract judgment that is often expressed: We should learn from history. Yes, what can we learn from history, which is actually the only one recognized today? From a spiritually deepened history, we will learn to place ourselves in the world with positive goals in a positive way.
[ 45 ] You may have found it pessimistic, ladies and gentlemen, when, in early spring 1914, during a series of lectures to a small circle in Vienna, I attempted to characterize our time—the time I was referring to then—when I said: Anyone with social awareness, with an understanding of what is at work in human beings today—it was spring 1914!—anyone with a deeper insight into the forces at work in human beings who is able to assess our present situation must find that in the social life of the entire civilized world we are rushing toward the outbreak of a creeping social cancer. A carcinoma in social relations is at work among us which, in the very near future, I said at the time, must come to a terrible outbreak.
[ 46 ] That was the statement of, let us say, an idealist in the opinion of the practitioners. How did the practitioners themselves speak at that time? One need only point to the practitioners who were entrusted with the fate of humanity. There was a foreign minister in Central Europe who declared at that time: Thanks to the efforts of the European cabinets, our political situation is visibly easing. Our relations with Petersburg,“ declared this Central European foreign minister at the time, ”our relations with Petersburg are as friendly as can be imagined. And negotiations have been initiated with England which, although not yet concluded, promise to provide a good basis for peace in Europe." Those who spoke from the standpoint of the humanities had to speak of a creeping social cancer. The practitioners spoke of what had been announced as détente, as friendly neighborly relations. And these practitioners spoke just a few weeks before the general turmoil began, in which 10 to 12 million people were killed and three times as many were maimed. This is the terrible expression of what the newer civilization has brought about and against which, at the last moment, so to speak, in order to make a mark, what came out of spiritual science had to turn. Were there at that time, among those to whom the fate of humanity was entrusted, any insights that arose from history and could be followed? No, everything was blind, blind especially in those spheres where history was being made at that time. Into this darkness must come that which can be taken up by human consciousness from spiritual scientific knowledge. When those like Ranke, with their fear of the spirit of history — as it has been called here — no longer parade on the lecterns, but when the real spirit of human development is spoken of from the lecterns, only then will the time have dawned when the destiny of humanity can be guided in a reasonable manner; for it must be recognized today that a reasonable practice, a practice that is beneficial to humanity, can only go hand in hand with that which is brought forth from the spheres from which the development of humanity is guided.
[ 47 ] And, my dear friends, it will have become apparent from much of what has been said here about mathematics, physics, psychology, and chemistry how, in a way that may seem paradoxical to the present age, serious spiritual science seeks to lead us to the spirit. This spiritual science does not recommend, on the basis of its findings, all kinds of mystical speculation about natural phenomena. Nor does this spiritual science recommend that Sunday pastime of knowledge which, in a spiritualistic manner, quotes spirits who apparently have nothing else to do but to convince people in the most convenient way possible that there is a supernatural world. Spiritual science wants nothing to do with such events, in which instead of serious knowledge, people are presented with a theater of knowledge. Spiritual science points out that one must remain strictly objective toward the external world and toward phenomenalism. And as paradoxical as it may seem, all mystification, speculation, theorizing, and spiritualizing of any kind about external nature must disappear; for only when one faces pure phenomena, when one perceives pure phenomena in renunciation, does one come to develop, in the perception of these pure phenomena, those inner abilities that then lead directly to the spirit, to the real grasping of the spirit. It is a sin against the spirit if one does not remain before the pure phenomenon, but instead reads all kinds of things into the pure phenomena.
[ 48 ] This has been shown to you in detail for various scientific fields, and it has been shown to you in a field that must be particularly close to our hearts today, in the field of education, how the human soul is permeated with such a mindset, which on the one hand comes from pure phenomenalism, but on the other hand [must be] filled by us with the impulse of spiritual science, how from a state of mind that arises from these foundations, a real pedagogy can emerge, a pedagogy that truly takes human nature into account, that takes human nature into account in such a way that, in the becoming human being, in the child, it has something like a continuous revelation before it. My dear friends, let us ask ourselves, where is the visible source of that which continually drives humanity forward? What brings human beings forward comes to us from the gray depths of the spirit, in that with each new generation something grows toward us from these gray depths of the spirit through what enters from the spiritual foundations of the world into this physical world through heredity and in the other ways that have been described to you in the course of these lectures. Decadent denominations have always counted only on what man carries within himself as a refined egoism of the soul. This makes him ask: What will become of me when my body decays into dust? Spiritual science is certainly able to give the answer to this question on the basis of knowledge: What will become of me? But let us follow the spirit from which the decadent creeds speak. They speak everywhere to the most selfish instincts of human beings, which do not want to pass away when their bodies decay; they do not speak out of knowledge, they speak to the selfish instincts. For as soon as one speaks out of knowledge, one must not only speak of what lies beyond the gates of death, but one must speak of what lies beyond the gates of birth or, let us say, of conception. One must not only point to the spiritual worlds we enter after death, but also to the spiritual worlds we pass through before our birth or before our conception, whose impulses we carry down into the physical worlds and which we are to realize here. These things have been discussed in detail from various points of view. But let us now, at the end of our course, remind ourselves once again how differently the teacher stands before the developing human being who says to himself: From the spiritual worlds, this human child, whose development has been entrusted to me, brings something into my life. This basic feeling is carried, for example, by our Waldorf teachers every time they enter the classroom. And it is such feelings that matter, not abstract pedagogy.
These feelings, this attitude of the human being toward the whole development of humanity, is what, my dear friends, puts the soul of human beings so deeply into the art of education that one can then speak in such a beautiful way about what happens in school, as Dr. von Heydebrand has spoken here before you. When one knows how to connect the sensory world with the supersensory world in this way, then the enthusiasm that is necessary for the healing of our social life arises. Such enthusiasm must also come from educational impulses, as [Herbert] Hahn has described here for workers' educational efforts, which do not rely on bourgeois-patriarchal impulses, but want to listen to what the signs of the times are saying, what is simply necessary from the spirit of human development.[ 49 ] And if one approaches the pure sciences of knowledge in this way, I would say, and transfers them to the field of education, thereby acquiring a feeling for how the things that inspire our ideas can become alive in human action, then one can transfer what knowledge is into practical social thinking. This is what Dr. Boos, for example, wanted to point out in his lectures on social life, and what others wanted to point out when they spoke about the social results of our spiritual scientific endeavors.
You see, ladies and gentlemen, what the spiritual sciences are is truly something extremely serious, something that seeks to develop completely the forces that understand how to act in accordance with the indications of the signs of the times. But this also gives rise to a very specific kind of attitude, if I may use this often misused word. You see, ladies and gentlemen, time and again things come up like those that were written down on a piece of paper and handed to me when I entered this hall. It says: Why does the social work of the anthroposophical movement proceed in a separatist manner? Wouldn't cooperation with the religious-social movement provide a powerful impetus? I ask you, does the person who can ask such a question have even the slightest inkling of what this spiritual scientific movement actually wants? Does the person who asks such a question have any sense of the seriousness with which this spiritual science is pursued? No, otherwise they would not be able to ask such questions. I do not shy away from rejecting in the strongest terms anything that comes from such a mindset, for we already know today that anything that seeks to draw from such depths, including a social will such as this spiritual science, cannot compromise itself. And I can only ever give the answer: if someone has such a desire to join forces with the religious-socialists, let them either join them as an individual, or let them persuade the religious-socialists to join us. We are not concerned with separatism, but with bringing together all those forces that really want to at least understand the signs of the times.[ 50 ] From such endeavors, my dear friends, emerges that which leads from the realm of knowledge, from the realm that is more the realm of knowledge, to the realm of art. And I have spoken a great deal about art in reference to what was to be realized here in this building. I have also been able to say a few things about the artistic realm, albeit only in outline, based on what has been said here about the art of declamation and recitation. Where have we ended up in such realms with our materialistic orientation, ladies and gentlemen? We have reached the point where we gradually no longer have any recitation at all. We have reached the point where we gradually no longer know what declamation and recitation are: that they are actually the elevation of language to a certain sphere. The special shaping of prose in particular was increasingly regarded as the actual art of declamation, and a completely unartistic naturalism was also introduced into the art of acting, for example. It is precisely through the way in which the humanities perceive the human being in his or her entirety that they are able to follow the intimate inner processes that take place in the practice of the art of singing, in the practice of the art of declamation, and which must gradually be absorbed more and more by human consciousness.
[ 51 ] Now, ladies and gentlemen, if one works seriously in this way, working from very specific foundations that truly have nothing to do with the ultimate consequences of materialistic desires, then one cannot make compromises. Ladies and gentlemen, I must emphasize strongly that we cannot compromise, that we must follow our path based on correctly recognized goals and the sources to which our knowledge has led us. It is sometimes quite astonishing how little this is understood today by some people. But we will have to stand firm on the position that we will not compromise in any direction. We want to seriously strive for an art form that comes from our spiritual sources. That is our honest desire.
[ 52 ] The building is there. In the last few weeks, since this building has been standing there, all kinds of people have been able to come in. And look, some people even liked this building, albeit for their own purposes. If we wanted to make compromises, oh, we could quickly become famous with this building. I need only reveal one example to you: a few days ago, the entire troupe of Mr. Max Reinhardt from the former German Theater in Berlin came to us to perform their plays here in these rooms. It was considered quite appropriate that we should compromise with the Reinhardt theater! No, we will not compromise, not even with the art that emerges from the materialistic underground of the Reinhardt theater! (Lively applause.) We will draw from the sources we have worked our way up to. And if the world denies us the means to do so, then we will simply not finish what needs to be finished. But we will not attempt to establish our connections with the world in such a way as would present itself as a good opportunity if, as has been suggested to us, Mr. Moissi were to recite the Lord's Prayer here—I believe in “Jedermann,” the famous play that is now being performed everywhere.
[ 53 ] I just wanted to suggest, ladies and gentlemen, how convenient it would be for some people to exploit what is now available. We will ensure that it serves only its pure purpose, its pure goal. Ladies and gentlemen, a bridge can be built to a truly vibrant art form precisely through a deeper understanding of the humanities. And that it can also be built to an honest religious sentiment, well, you will certainly have been able to feel that through everything that has been said here. That we have a particularly difficult time in this regard, even here in free Switzerland, you could convince yourselves if you took note of all the slander and myths that are circulating about our intentions, about our entire being. But I will not bother you further with that. I just wanted to point out, with a few strokes that could of course have been drawn quite differently, now that we are about to part, what actually inspires us. You will understand, precisely from this characteristic of our goals, from everything that motivates us to do what we do, that it gives us great satisfaction that personalities who are involved in scientific life or who aspire to be involved in scientific life were here among us, wanted to participate in what is being done here at the Goetheanum. And you will believe me when I assure you—I can assure you on behalf of all those who are sincere and earnest in their anthroposophically oriented spiritual scientific endeavors—when I assure you that it was precisely this deepest satisfaction that we felt in seeing these personalities from scientific life here, for this is the time when our spiritual science, if it is to mean anything at all in the world, must be taken up by science.
[ 54 ] Some people have found it strange that what is said to be a high spiritual endeavor has now condescended to social activity. In the present age, any spiritual striving that does not seek to transition to social activity must actually be regarded as inwardly dishonest. Only those ideas of knowledge are truly rooted in the human inner life that find their outlet in social activity, that are compelled to social activity.
[ 55 ] My dear friends, it is not our fault that our ideas on the threefold social order have gradually been misunderstood, especially among the broad circles of the newer proletariat. This is due to the proletarian leadership. And until the proletariat realizes that its greatest enemies are its leaders, this proletariat will not be able to achieve any clarity. Even here, in the last few days, it has been said in many different ways that what we write or have printed is not accessible to the proletariat, that it is too high and so on. My dear friends, such statements reveal the imitation of the bourgeois, the bad bourgeois. For once the proletariat breaks free from parroting the science that led it into materialism, which arose not on its own foundations but on bourgeois foundations, it will understand spiritual science above all else. For spiritual science is there for all people and can be understood by all people. However, bourgeois in the sense that bourgeoisie has gradually turned to materialism, that is a different view.p>
[ 56 ] I have encountered many things in my life. I will mention nothing personal except what may be symptomatic of the general situation. I also worked for many years as a teacher at a workers' school among proletarians. But I have also lectured on a variety of subjects to members of other classes. For example, I once gave a lecture on literary history to a group of women. It was a group of women that had come together because the men avoided anything intellectual, leaving it to their wives as a women's affair. And so a course was put together for me to lecture on literary history. But once these women managed to organize an evening to which the men also came, and they asked me to speak about Goethe's Faust for that evening. And I spoke about Goethe's Faust in the way one can only speak to people who spend their days playing the stock market or doing something similar, such as healing the sick with current official medicine and the like. All these different circles were there. They all assured me that they found it very difficult to understand what I had said about Goethe's Faust in such a popular way, because, they said, Goethe's Faust was such a special thing, Goethe's Faust was not a play. That was the general opinion of those really bourgeois, quite high-standing circles. Yes, if you had worked and toiled all day, people said, you couldn't possibly sit down in the evening and read Goethe's Faust; Blumenthal was the right thing to read.
[ 57 ] I'm just quoting! - Gradually, those things that have basically descended from this bourgeois mentality into the proletariat must disappear, and it is precisely those things in which the root causes of our actual decline are to be found that must disappear. They must be sought in the spiritual realm, and they must be remedied from the spiritual realm. Therefore, a true, honest spiritual science today cannot present itself to the world without also offering social impulses. And these social impulses must be understood from all possible perspectives in order to truly comprehend the current state of the world.
[ 58 ] We must also mention here the rift that appeared in Central European spiritual life in the first half of the 19th century. Mr. Rudolf Meyer from Berlin pointed out this intellectual rift particularly clearly in his discussion of Herbart's pedagogy. At the same time, he hinted at all the forces of destruction associated with this rift, with this—in other words—intellectualization of, for example, the entire art of education. And it is true, this rift is there. Much has been quoted in recent years in Central Europe from Fichte and Goethe. It was always terrible when these things were quoted, because those who quoted them did not understand them, and those to whom they were quoted understood them even less, because this intellectual life has been buried. It must be revived. Today we have a spiritual life that appears one-sided throughout the world, but which is thoroughly imbued with what lived, for example, as a one-sided theory of evolution in Darwin, what lived in Spencer, in Huxley, and so on.
[ 59 ] Yes, but, my dear friends, what are the thoughts that live in that natural science, in that science in general? Let us examine them impartially, and we will find what they are. The thoughts of today's contemporary scientists are precisely those thoughts which, I would say, belong only in economic life. If Herbert Spencer, Huxley, Darwin, and the others had become factory managers or heads of economic enterprises, then their thoughts would have been appropriate there. For under the peculiar constellation that exists, due to the special distribution of production, consumption, and trade, economic thinking has developed with particular refinement in the Western world. But this thinking has been, I would say, wrongly transferred to all kinds of scientific fields and all kinds of state affairs. It must remain in the area for which it is actually intended. On the other hand, we must find new paths for science. Those who are Darwinists and Spencerians have often seen nothing more in Goethe than a precursor of Darwin. In most of my writings, I have sharply opposed this view, always pointing out that all sorts of things may have been achieved in specific areas with what comes from Darwin and Spencer, but if we want to move forward, we must take up Goetheanism; we need something greater than the supposed insights of the second half of the 19th century. Thus, in all fields, we must learn to place ourselves in the course of human development by attempting to understand the working of the spiritual powers and forces in this course of human development from the spirit of anthroposophy.
[ 60 ] Now I would like to address in particular, but I would like to say this so that the others can hear it too, those who are students, my dear fellow students who were here this time, and I would like to say only this to you: You see, my dear fellow students, we are still in a special situation today—I have already hinted at this to you in other places—we are still in a special situation in that we can only bring you what we believe will become great and significant in your souls, so that you may become our co-workers in the necessary striving for progress of humanity. We cannot give you degrees, offices, or dignities today as long as we cannot intervene more forcefully in what is also necessary, namely the emancipation of spiritual life from the state and from economic life. But only if we find a large number of people and human personalities of your kind who can see what possibilities for growth must lie in the spiritual-scientific endeavor as it is meant here, if we find personalities from your circles who are willing to fight alongside us truthfully and courageously and make the circle of fellow fighters ever larger, then the time will come when nothing will stand in the way of those who strive for life out of science, without coming up against the obstacles and hindrances of the outer world, standing firmly on the ground of anthroposophically oriented spiritual science. And we would like to give ourselves over to the hope that you, who have been here this time to our deep satisfaction as the pioneers of our cause from among the student body, may be so happy that you will be able to advance in droves and ever-increasing numbers to strive in the direction of spiritual science. It is out of the heart we have here for spiritual science that we had to welcome you, and it is out of that heart that we will accompany you in your work for our cause when you now go out again into the world to your work, which at the same time should be, at least in some measure, a collaboration with our striving.
[ 61 ] And those who have participated in what has been organized here this time, coming from the widest circles, will have convinced themselves that there is nothing here of a frivolous striving, nothing of any kind of preference or of what might arise from a not very deep sympathy for all kinds of mysticism and the like, but that there is something here that comes from those human depths where conscience grows for the great tasks of humanity.
[ 62 ] My dear friends, because this is a beginning, may what we have achieved so far, however inadequate it may be — we can calmly admit that —, may it be as inadequate as it is, nothing could deter us from continuing on this path, not even if it were proven to us that it is inadequate — except perhaps if we found that others were striving better. Then we would gladly put our inadequacy aside and step back. But as long as we cannot find that others are striving better, it is our most sacred duty to strive in our own way, out of the conscience of the spirit of humanity. And it is in this spirit that we warmly welcomed you all here three weeks ago, and it is in this spirit that we speak to you today, as we wish to continue our work here, sending you our warmest farewell greetings, farewell greetings that mean that such events must increasingly give rise to strength for that which leads to the dawn of humanity, not to its impending twilight. We were glad that you were all there; we give ourselves to the hope that what has been initiated with this course may be repeated very often, that it may be repeated before more and more people. Above all, however, we give ourselves to the hope that what I called the completion of the building here at noon today may come into being. What is desired here will only be complete when those who have seen, heard, and felt here go out into the world and each continues to work in their own place according to their abilities. Then each will be a building block. Then that great edifice of spiritual life, artistic being, and social effectiveness will unfold, which we truly and urgently need today for the recovery of humanity.
[ 63 ] With these feelings, dear friends, let us part today and hope that we will meet again here in the not too distant future to do something to make the building blocks necessary for this great edifice of humanity ever more suitable and effective.
[ 64 ] With this in mind, I bid you a fond farewell from the bottom of my heart, from the hearts of all those who work honestly, truly, and sincerely for the cause symbolized by this building, where we have been able to spend some time together in the spirit of cooperation for the betterment of humanity.
